SINE-R.C2 (a Homo sapiens specific retroposon) is homologous to cDNA from postmortem brain in schizophrenia and to two loci in the Xq21.3/Yp block linked to handedness and psychosis

American Journal of Medical Genetics - Neuropsychiatric Genetics

Volumn 88, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 560-566

  Kim, Heui Soo ^a   Wadekar, Rekha V ^a   Takenaka, Osamu ^b   Winstanley, Catharine ^a   Mitsunaga, Fusako ^b   Kageyama, Takashi ^b   Hyun, Byung Hwa ^c   Crow, Timothy J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Primate; Psychosis; Retroposon; Schizophrenia; SINE R.C2; Xq21.3 Yp block

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENTARY DNA;

APE; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; BRAIN ASYMMETRY; BRAIN BIOPSY; CHROMOSOME XP; GENE INSERTION; GENE LOCUS; GENETIC LINKAGE; HANDEDNESS; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY;

ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; BRAIN; COMPLEMENT C2; DNA, COMPLEMENTARY; ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; FUNCTIONAL LATERALITY; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HAPLORHINI; HUMANS; MODELS, GENETIC; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PHYLOGENY; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; RETROELEMENTS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, NUCLEIC ACID; X CHROMOSOME; Y CHROMOSOME;

EID: 0033569901     PISSN: 15524841     EISSN: 1552485X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19991015)88:5<560::AID-AJMG23>3.0.CO;2-W     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Akopov SB, Nikolaev LG, Khil PP, Lebedev YB, Sverdlov ED. 1998. Long terminal repeats of human endogenous retrovirus K family (HERV-K) specifically bind host cell nuclear proteins. FEBS Lett 421:229-233.
2. Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schäffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman J. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25:3389-3402.
3. Baltimore D. 1985. Retroviruses and retrotransposons: the role of reverse transcription in shaping the eukaryotic genome. Cell 40:481-482.
4. Bilder RM, Wu H, Bogerts B, Degreef G, Ashtari M, Alivir JMJ, Snyder PJ, Lieberman JA. 1994. Absence of regional hemispheric volume asymmetries in first episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 151:1437-1447.
5. Blond JL, Beseme F, Duret L, Bouton O, Bedin F, Perron H, Mandrand B, Mallet F. 1999. Molecular characterization and placental expression of HERV-W, a new human endogenous retrovirus family. J Virol 73: 1175-1185.
6. Conrad B, Weissmahr RN, Boni J, Arcari R, Schupbach J, Mach B. 1997. A human endogenous retroviral superantigen as candidate autoimmune gene in type 1 diabetes. Cell 90:303-313.
7. Crichton-Browne J. 1879. On the weight of the brain and its component parts in the insane. Brain 2:42-67.
8. Crow TJ. 1984. A re-evaluation of the viral hypothesis: is psychosis the result of retroviral integration at a site close to the cerebral dominance gene? Br J Psychiatry 145:243-253.
9. Crow TJ. 1986. Left brain, retrotransposons, and schizophrenia. Br Med J 293:3-4.
10. Crow TJ. 1993. Sexual selection, Machiavellian intelligence and the origins of psychosis. Lancet 342:594-598.
11. Crow TJ. 1995. A Darwinian approach to the origins of psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 167:12-25.
12. DeLisi LE, Hoff AL, Neale C, Kushner M. 1994. Asymmetries in the superior temporal lobe in male and female first-episode schizophrenic patients: measures of the planum temporale and superior temporal gyrus by MRI. Schiz Bull 12:19-28.
13. Highley JR, Esiri MM, Cortina-Borja M, McDonald B, Cooper SJ, Herron B, Crow TJ. 1998. Anomalies of cerebral asymmetry in schizophrenia interact with gender and age of onset: a post mortem study. Schizophr Res 34:13-25.
14. Highley JR, Esiri MM, McDonald B, Cortina-Borja M, Herron B, Cooper SJ, Crow TJ. 1999b. The size and fibre composition of the corpus callosum with respect to gender and schizophrenia: a post mortem study. Brain 122:99-110.
15. Highley JR, McDonald B, Walker MA, Esiri MM, Crow TJ. 1999a. The temporal lobes, asymmetry and schizophrenia: a post-modem study of tissue volume. Br. J. Psychiatry (in press).
16. Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Ernberg G, Anker M, Korten A, Cooper JE, Day R, Bertelsen A. 1992. Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures. A World Health Organization ten country study. Psychol Med 20(Suppl):1-97.
17. Johnston NL, Leister F, Li S, Yolken RH, Torrey EF, and Stanley Neurovirology Consortium. 1998. Identification of differentially expressed messages in the hippocampal and frontal cortices of mentally ill individuals. Schizophr Res 29:90-91.
18. Kazazian HH, & Moran JV. 1998. The impact of L1 retrotransposons on the human genome. Nature Genet 19:19-24.
19. Kim H-S, Chen Y, Lonai P. 1998. Complex regulation of multiple cytohesin like genes in murine tissues and cells. FEBS Lett 433:312-316.
20. Kim H-S, Hirai H, Takenaka O. 1996. Molecular features of the TSPY gene of gibbons and Old World monkeys. Chrom Res 4:500-506.
21. Kobayashi K, Nakahori Y, Miyaki M, et al. 1998. An ancient retrotransposal insertion causes Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy. Nature 394:388-392.
22. Lambson B, Affara NA, Mitchell M, Ferguson-Smith MA. 1992. Evolution of DNA sequence homologies between the sex chromosomes in primate species. Genomics 14:1032-1040.
23. Laval SH, Dann J, Butler RJ, Loftus J, Rue J, Leask SJ, Bass N, Comazzi M, Vita A, Nanko S, Shaw S, Peterson P, Shields G, Smith AB, Stewart J, DeLisi LE, Crow TJ. 1998. Evidence for linkage to psychosis and cerebral asymmetry (relative hand skill) on the X chromosome. Am J Med Genet (Neuropsychiatr Genet) 81:420-427.
24. Lefebvre S, Hubert B, Tekaia F, Brahic M, Bureau JF. 1995. Isolation from human brain of six previously unreported cDNAs related to the reverse transcriptase of human endogenous retroviruses. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 11:231-237.
25. Leib-Mosch C, Brack-Werner R, Werner T, Bachmann M, Faff O, Erfle V, Hehlmann R. 1990. Endogenous retroviral elements in human DNA. Cancer Res 50(Suppl):5636-5642.
26. Lower R, Lower J, Kurth R. 1996. The viruses in all of us: characteristics and biological significance of human endogenous retrovirus sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 93:5177-5184.
27. Mayer J, Meese E, Mueller-Lantzsch N. 1997. Chromosomal assignment of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) env open reading frames. Cytogenet Cell Genet 79:157-161.
28. Meese E, Gottert E, Zang KD, Sauter M, Schommer S, Mueller-Lantzsch N. 1996. Human endogenous retroviral element k10 (HERV-K10): chromosomal localization by somatic hybrid mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 72:40-42.
29. Miskolczy D. 1933. Uber das anatomische korrelat der schizophrenie. Zeitschr Neurol 147:509-544.
30. Mumm S, Molini B, Terrell J, Srivastava A, Schlessinger D. 1997. Evolutionary features of the 4Mb Xq21.3 XY homology region revealed by a map at 60-kb resolution. Genome Res 7:307-314.
31. Ono M. 1986. Molecular cloning and long terminal repeat sequences of human endogenous retrovirus genes related to types A and B retrovirus genes. J Virol 58:937-944.
32. Pearlson GD, Barta PE, Schlaepfer TE, Petty RG, Tien AY, McGilchrist IK. 1995. Heteromodal association cortex in schizophrenia - grey matter changes and clinical correlates. Schizophr Res 15:1-2.
33. Rogers JH. 1985. The origin and evolution of retroposons. Int Rev Cytol 93:187-279.
34. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
35. Sargent CA, Briggs H, Chalmers IJ, Lambson B, Walker E, Affara NA. 1996. The sequence organization of Yp/proximal Xq homologous regions of the human sex chromosomes is highly conserved. Genomics 32:200-209.
36. Shimamura M, Nikaido M, Ohshima K, Okada M. 1998. A SINE that acquired a role in signal transduction during evolution. Mol Biol Evol 15:923-925.
37. Sverdlov ED. 1998. Perpetually mobile footprints of ancient infections in the human genome. FEBS Lett 428:1-6.
38. Varmus HE. 1982. Form and function of retroviral proviruses. Science 216:812-820.
39. Walker MA, Highley JR, McDonald B, Roberts H, Crow TJ. 1998. A stereological study of the volume of the hippocampus in post mortem control and schizophrenic brains. Schizophr Res 29:88.
40. Yee F, Johnston NL, Leister F, Li S, Ross CA, Torrey EF, Yolken RH, and Stanley Neuropathology Consortium. 1998. Differential expression of viral and virus-associated RNA transcripts of the brains of individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 29:92.
41. Zhu Z-B, Jian B, Volanakis JE. 1994. Ancestry of SINE-R.C2 a human specific retroposon. Hum Genet 93:545-551.