Patterning the flower

Developmental Biology

Volumn 209, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 211-220

  Irish, Vivian F ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Arabidopsis; Flower development; Meristem; Pattern formation

Indexed keywords

ANGIOSPERM; ARABIDOPSIS; NONHUMAN; PHOTOPERIODICITY; PLANT GROWTH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ARABIDOPSIS; MAGNOLIOPHYTA;

EID: 0033562568     PISSN: 00121606     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1999.9226     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. Alvarez J., Guli C. L., Yu X.-H., Smyth D. R. terminal flower:Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 2:1992;103-116.
2. Amasino R. M. Control of flowering time in plants. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 6:1996;480-487.
3. Bagnall D. J., King R. W., Whitelam G. C., Boylan M. T., Wagner D., Quail P. H. Flowering responses to altered expression of phytochrome in mutants and transgenic lines ofArabidopsis thaliana (L) Heynh. Plant Physiol. 108:1995;1495-1503.
4. Battey N. H., Lyndon R. F. Reversion of flowering. Bot. Rev. 56:1990;162-189.
5. Bernier G., Havelange A., Houssa C., Petitjean A., Lejeune P. Physiological signals that induce flowering. Plant Cell. 5:1993;1147-1155.
6. Biggin M. D., McGinnis W. Regulation of segmentation and segmental identity by Drosophila homeoproteins: The role of DNA binding in functional activity and specificity. Development. 124:1997;4425-4433.
7. Blazquez M. A., Green R., Nilsson O., Sussman M. R., Weigel D. Gibberellins promote flowering of Arabidopsis by activating the leafy promoter. Plant Cell. 10:1998;791-800.
8. Blazquez M. A., Soowal L., Lee I., Weigel D. Leafy expression and flower initiation in Arabidopsis. Development. 124:1997;3835-3844.
9. Bossinger G., Smyth D. R. Initiation patterns of flower and floral organ development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development. 122:1996;1093-1102.
10. Bouhidel K., Irish V. F. Cellular interactions mediated by the homeotic pistillata gene determine cell fate in theArabidopsis. Dev. Biol. 174:1996;22-31.
11. Bowman J. L., Alvarez J., Weigel D., Meyerowitz E. M., Smyth D. R. Control of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana by apetala1 and interacting genes. Development. 119:1993;721-743.
12. Bowman J. L., Drews G. N., Meyerowitz E. M. Expression of theArabidopsisagamous. Plant Cell. 3:1991a;749-758.
13. Bowman J. L., Sakai H., Jack T., Weigel D., Mayer U., Meyerowitz E. M. Superman,Arabidopsis. Development. 114:1992;599-615.
14. Bowman J. L., Smyth D. R., Meyerowitz E. M. Genes directing flower development inArabidopsis. Plant Cell. 1:1989;37-52.
15. Bowman J. L., Smyth D. R., Meyerowitz E. M. Genetic interactions among floral homeotic genes ofArabidopsis. Development. 112:1991b;1-20.
16. Bradley D., Ratcliffe O., Vincent C., Carpenter R., Coen E. Inflorescence commitment and architecture in Arabidopsis. Science. 275:1997;80-83.
17. Carpenter R., Coen E. S. Floral homeotic mutations produced by transposon-mutagenesis inAntirrhinum majus. Genes Dev. 4:1990;1483-1493.
18. Coen E. S., Meyerowitz E. M. The war of the whorls: Genetic interactions controlling flower development. Nature. 353:1991;31-37.
19. Colasanti J., Yuan Z., Sundaresan V. Theindeterminate. Cell. 93:1998;593-603.
20. Davies B., Egea-Cortines M., de Andrade Silva E., Saedler H., Sommer H. Multiple interactions among floral homeotic MADS box proteins. EMBO J. 16:1996;4330-4343.
21. Day C. D., Galgoci B. F., Irish V. F. Genetic ablation of petal and stamen primordia to elucidate cell interactions during floral development. Development. 121:1995;2887-2895.
22. Drews G. N., Bowman J. L., Meyerowitz E. M. Negative regulation of the Arabidopsis homeotic gene agamous by the apetela2 product. Cell. 65:1991;991-1002.
23. Finnegan E. J., Peacock W. J., Dennis E. S. Reduced DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana results in abnormal plant development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;8449-8454.
24. Furner I. J., Ainscough F. X., Pumfrey J. A., Petty L. M. Clonal analysis of the late floweringfca. Development. 122:1996;1041-1050.
25. Furner I. J., Pumfrey J. E. Cell fate in the inflorescence meristem and floral buttress of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 4:1993;917-931.
26. Goethe J. W. Goethe's botany: The metamorphosis of plants. Chron. Bot. 10:1790;63-126.
27. Goodrich J., Puangsomlee P., Martin M., Long D., Meyerowitz E. M., Coupland G. A Polycomb-group gene regulates homeotic gene expression in Arabidopsis. Nature. 386:1997;44-51.
28. Goto K., Meyerowitz E. M. Function and regulation of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene pistillata. Genes Dev. 8:1994;1548-1560.
29. Guo H., Yang H., Mockler T., Lin C. Regulation of flowering time by Arabidopsis photoreceptors. Science. 279:1998;1360-1363.
30. Gustafson-Brown C., Savidge B., Yanofsky M. F. Regulation of the Arabidopsis homeotic gene apetala1. Cell. 76:1994;131-143.
31. Hantke S. S., Carpenter R., Coen E. S. Expression of floricaula in single cell layers of periclinal chimeras activates downstream homeotic genes in all layers of floral meristems. Development. 121:1995;27-35.
32. Hempel F. D., Weigel D., Mandel M. A., Ditta G., Zambryski P. C., Feldman L. J., Yanofsky M. F. Floral determination and expression of floral regulatory genes in Arabidopsis. Development. 124:1997;3845-3853.
33. Hill J. P., Lord E. M. Floral development inArabidopsis thaliana: Can. J. Bot. 67:1989;2922-2936.
34. Hill T. A., Day C. D., Zondlo S. C., Thackeray A. G., Irish V. F. Discrete spatial and temporal cis-acting elements regulate transcription of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene apetala3. Development. 125:1998;1711-1721.
35. Huala E., Sussex I. M. leafyArabidopsis. Plant Cell. 4:1992;901-913.
36. Huang H., Ma H. FON1, an Arabidopsis gene that terminates floral meristem activity and controls flower organ number. Plant Cell. 9:1997;115-134.
37. Huang H., Tudor M., Su T., Zhang Y., Hu Y., Ma H. DNA binding properties of two Arabidopsis MADS domain proteins: Binding consensus and dimer formation. Plant Cell. 8:1996;81-94.
38. Ingram G. C., Doyle S., Carpenter R., Schultz E. A., Simon R., Coen E. S. Dual role for fimbriata in regulating floral homeotic genes and cell division in Antirrhinum. EMBO J. 16:1997;6521-6534.
39. Ingram G. C., Goodrich J., Wilkinson M. D., Simon R., Haughn G. W., Coen E. S. Parallels between unusual floral organs and fimbriata, genes controlling flower development in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum. Plant Cell. 7:1995;1501-1510.
40. Irish V. F. Petal and stamen development. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 41:1998;133-161.
41. Irish V. F., Kramer E. M. Genetic and molecular analysis of Angiosperm flower development. Adv. Bot. Res. 28:1998;197-230.
42. Irish V. F., Sussex I. M. Function of the apetala-1 gene during Arabidopsis floral development. Plant Cell. 2:1990;741-753.
43. Jack T., Brockman L. L., Meyerowitz E. M. The homeotic gene apetala3 of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a MADS box and is expressed in petals and stamens. Cell. 68:1992;683-697.
44. Jack T., Fox G. L., Meyerowitz E. M. Arabidopsis homeotic gene apetala3 ectopic expression: Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation determine floral organ identity. Cell. 76:1994;703-716.
45. Jackson D., Veit B., Hake S. Expression of maize knotted1 related homeobox genes in the shoot meristem predicts patterns of morphogenesis in the vegetative shoot. Development. 120:1994;405-413.
46. Jofuku K. D., den Boer B. G. W., Van Montague M., Okamuro J. K. Control of Arabidopsis flower and seed development by the homeotic gene apetala2. Plant Cell. 6:1994;1211-1225.
47. King R. W., Zeevaart J. A. D. Floral stimulus movement in Perilla and flower inhibition caused by non-induced leaves. Plant Physiol. 51:1973;727-738.
48. Komaki M. K., Okada K., Nishino E., Shimura Y. Isolation and characterization of novel mutants ofArabidopsis thaliana. Development. 104:1988;195-203.
49. Koornneef M., Alonso-Blanco C., Peeters A. J. M., Soppe W. Genetic control of flowering time in Arabidopsis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49:1998;345-370.
50. Koornneef M., Hanhart C. J., Van der Veen J. H. A genetic and physiological analysis of late flowering mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Gen. Genet. 229:1991;57-66.
51. Krizek B. A., Meyerowitz E. M. The Arabidopsis homeotic genes apetala3 and pistillata are sufficient to provide the B class organ identity function. Development. 122:1996a;11-22.
52. Krizek B. A., Meyerowitz E. M. Mapping the protein regions responsible for the functional specificities of the Arabidopsis MADS domain organ-identity proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996b;4063-4070.
53. Kunst L., Klenz J. E., Martinez-Zapater J., Haughn G. W. AP2Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell. 1:1989;1195-1208.
54. Lang A., Chailakhyan M. K., Frolova I. A. Promotion and inhibition of flower formation in a day-neutral plant in grafts with a short-day and a long-day plant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 74:1977;2412-2416.
55. Lee I., Aukerman M. J., Gore S. L., Lohman K. N., Michaels S. D., Weaver L. M., John M. C., Feldmann K. A., Amasino R. M. Isolation oflumidependens: Plant Cell. 6:1994;75-83.
56. Lee I., Wolfe D. S., Nilsson O., Weigel D. A leafy co-regulator encoded by unusual floral organs. Curr. Biol. 7:1997;95-104.
57. Levin J. Z., Meyerowitz E. M. UFO: An Arabidopsis gene involved in both floral meristem and floral organ development. Plant Cell. 7:1995;529-548.
58. Lin C., Ahmad M., Chan A. R., Cashmore A. R. CRY2: A second member of the Arabidopsis cryptochrome gene family. Plant Physiol. 110:1996;1047.
59. Lincoln C., Long J., Yamaguchi J., Serikawa K., Hake S. A knotted-like homeobox gene in Arabidopsis is expressed in the vegetative meristem and dramatically alters leaf morphology when overexpressed in transgenic plants. Plant Cell. 6:1994;1859-1876.
60. Liu Z., Meyerowitz E. M. Leunig regulates agamous expression in Arabidopsis flowers. Development. 121:1995;975-991.
61. Long J. A., Moan E. I., Medford J. I., Barton M. K. A member of the knotted class of homeodomain proteins encoded by the STM gene of Arabidopsis. Nature. 379:1996;66-69.
62. Ma H., Yanofsky M. F., Meyerowitz E. M. AGL1-AGL6,Arabidopsis. Genes Dev. 5:1991;484-495.
63. Macknight R., Bancroft I., Page T., Lister C., Schmidt R., Love K., Westphal L., Murphy G., Sherson S., Cobbett C., Dean C. FCA, Cell. 89:1997;737-745.
64. Mandel M. A., Bowman J. L., Kempin S. A., Ma H., Meyerowitz E. M., Yanofsky M. F. Manipulation of flower structure in transgenic tobacco. Cell. 71:1992a;133-143.
65. Mandel M. A., Gustafson-Brown C., Savidge B., Yanofsky M. F. Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene apetala1. Nature. 360:1992b;273-277.
66. Mandel M. A., Yanofsky M. F. A gene triggering flower formation in Arabidopsis. Nature. 377:1995;522-524.
67. Mann R. S., Affolter M. Hox proteins meet more partners. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 8:1998;423-429.
68. McGonigle B., Bouhidel K., Irish V. F. Nuclear localization of the Arabidopsis apetala3 and pistillata homeotic gene products depends on their simultaneous expression. Genes Dev. 10:1996;1812-1821.
69. Mizukami Y., Ma H. Ectopic expression of the floral homeotic gene agamous in transgenic Arabidopsis plants alters floral organ identity. Cell. 71:1992;119-131.
70. Napp-Zinn K. Arabidopsis thaliana. Handbook of Flowering. 1985;CRC Press, Boca Raton. p. 492-503.
71. Nilsson O., Lee I., Blazquez M. A., Weigel D. Flowering time genes modulate the response to leafy activity. Genetics. 150:1998;403-410.
72. Parcy F., Nilsson O., Busch M. A., Lee I., Weigel D. A genetic framework for floral patterning. Nature. 395:1998;561-566.
73. Patton E. E., Willems A. R., Tyers M. Combinatorial control in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis: Don't Skp the F-box hypothesis. Trends Genet. 14:1998;236-243.
74. Pineiro M., Coupland G. The control of flowering time and floral identity in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 117:1998;1-8.
75. Putterill J., Robson F., Lee K., Simon R., Coupland G. Theconstans. Cell. 80:1995;847-857.
76. Ratcliffe O. J., Amaya I., Vincent C. A., Rothstein S., Carpenter R., Coen E. S., Bradley D. J. A common mechanism controls the life cycle and architecture of plants. Development. 125:1998;1609-1615.
77. Reed J. W., Nagpal P., Poole D. S., Furuya M., Chory J. Mutations in the gene for the red far-red light receptor phytochrome-b alter cell elongation and physiological responses throughout Arabidopsis development. Plant Cell. 5:1993;147-157.
78. Riechmann J. L., Krizek B. A., Meyerowitz E. M. Dimerization specificity of Arabidopsis MADS domain homeotic proteins apetala1, apetala3, pistillata, and agamous. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996a;4793-4798.
79. Riechmann J. L., Meyerowitz E. M. MADS domain proteins in plant development. Biol. Chem. 378:1997;1079-1101.
80. Riechmann J. L., Wang M., Meyerowitz E. M. DNA-binding properties of Arabidopsis MADS domain homeotic proteins apetala1, apetala3, pistillata and agamous. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:1996b;3134-3141.
81. Ruiz-Garcia L., Madueno F., Wilkinson M., Haughn G., Salinas J., Martinez-Zapater J. M. Different roles of flowering time genes in the activation of floral initiation genes in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 9:1997;1921-1934.
82. Sablowski R. W. M., Meyerowitz E. M. A homolog of no apical meristem is an immediate target of the floral homeotic genes apetala3/pistillata. Cell. 92:1998;93-103.
83. Sakai H., Medrano L. J., Meyerowitz E. M. Role of superman in maintaining Arabidopsis floral whorl boundaries. Nature. 378:1995;199-201.
84. Schultz E. A., Haughn G. W. leafy, a homeotic gene that regulates inflorescence development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 3:1991;771-781.
85. Schultz E. A., Haughn G. W. Genetic analysis of the floral initiation process (FLIP) in Arabidopsis. Development. 119:1993;745-765.
86. Shannon S., Meeks-Wagner D. R. A mutation in theArabidopsis TFL1. Plant Cell. 3:1991;877-892.
87. Simon R., Igeno I. M., Coupland G. Activation of floral meristem identity genes in Arabidopsis. Nature. 384:1996;59-62.
88. Singleton W. R. Inheritance of indeterminate growth in maize. J. Hered. 37:1946;61-64.
89. Skowyra D., Craig K. L., Tyers M., Elledge S. J., Harper J. W. F-box proteins are receptors that recruit phosphorylated substrates to the SCF ubiquitin-ligase complex. Cell. 91:1997;209-219.
90. Steeves S. T., Sussex I. M. Patterns in Plant Development. 1989;Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
91. Tan S., Richmond T. J. Crystal structure of the yeast MATα2/MCM1/DNA ternary complex. Nature. 391:1998;660-666.
92. Tilly J., Allen D. W., Jack T. The CArG boxes in the promoter of the Arabidopsis floral organ identity geneapetala3. Development. 125:1998;1647-1657.
93. Vershon A. K., Johnson A. D. A short, disordered protein region mediates interactions between the homeodomain of the yeast α2 protein and the MCM1 protein. Cell. 72:1993;105-112.
94. Vince-Prue D. Photoperiod and hormones. Pharis R. P., Reid D. S. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. 1985;308-364 Springer, Berlin.
95. Vince-Prue D. The duration of light and photoperiod responses. Kendrick R. E., Kronenberg G. H. M. Photomorphogenesis in Plants. 1994;447-490 Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht.
96. Vincent C. A., Carpenter R., Coen E. S. Cell lineage patterns and homeotic gene activity during Antirrhinum flower development. Curr. Biol. 5:1995;1449-1458.
97. Weigel D. The apetala2 domain is related to a novel type of DNA binding domain. Plant Cell. 7:1995;388-389.
98. Weigel D., Alvarez J., Smyth D. R., Yanofsky M. F., Meyerowitz E. M. leafyArabidopsis. Cell. 69:1992;843-859.
99. Weigel D., Clark S. E. Sizing up the floral meristem. Plant Physiol. 112:1996;5-10.
100. Weigel D., Meyerowitz E. M. Activation of floral homeotic genes in Arabidopsis. Science. 261:1993;1723-1726.
101. Weigel D., Meyerowitz E. M. The ABCs of floral homeotic genes. Cell. 78:1994;203-209.
102. Weigel D., Nilsson O. A developmental switch sufficient for flower initiation in diverse plants. Nature. 377:1995;495-500.
103. Wilkinson M. D., Haughn G. W. unusual floral organs controls meristem identity and organ primordia fate in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 7:1995;1485-1499.
104. Wilson R. N., Heckman J. W., Somerville C. R. Gibberellin is required for flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana under short days. Plant Physiol. 100:1992;403-408.
105. Yanofsky M. F., Ma H., Bowman J. L., Drews G. N., Feldmann K. A., Meyerowitz E. M. The protein encoded by theArabidopsisagamous. Nature. 346:1990;35-39.
106. Zachgo S., de Andrade Silva E., Motte P., Trobner W., Saedler H., Schwarz-Sommer Z. Functional analysis of the Antirrhinum floral homeotic Deficiens gene in vivo and in vitro by using a temperature-sensitive mutant. Development. 121:1995;2861-2875.
107. Zeevaart J. A. D. Gibberellins and flowering. Crozier A. Biochemistry and Physiology of Gibberellins. 1983;333-374 Praeger, New York.