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Volumn 64, Issue 12, 1999, Pages 4386-4396

Structure-property relationships in trimethylenemethane-type biradicals. 2. Synthesis and EPR spectral characterization of dinitroxide biradicals

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METHANE; NITROXIDE; RADICAL;

EID: 0033546107     PISSN: 00223263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jo990061j     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (41)

References (83)
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    • 0030012903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
    • (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.118 , pp. 3974
    • Adam, W.1    Van Barneveld, C.2    Bottle, S.E.3    Engert, H.4    Hanson, G.R.5    Harrer, H.M.6    Heim, C.7    Nau, W.M.8    Wang, D.9
  • 6
    • 0029857173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
    • (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.118 , pp. 9347
    • Fujita, J.1    Tanaka, M.2    Suemune, H.3    Koga, N.4    Matsuda, K.5    Iwamura, H.6
  • 7
    • 2642584946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
    • (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.118 , pp. 3047
    • Okada, K.1    Imakura, T.2    Oda, M.3    Murai, H.4    Baumgarten, M.5
  • 8
    • 2642584946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See also ref 11
    • For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
  • 9
    • 2642584946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
    • (1995) J. Am. Chem Soc. , vol.117 , pp. 6727
    • Fang, S.1    Lee, M.-S.2    Hrovat, D.A.3    Borden, W.T.4
  • 11
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    • Phenyl torsions in substituted 1,1-diphenylethenes are fast on the NMR time scale even at -90°C, see: Rabinovitz, M.; Agranat, I.; Bergmann, E. D. Isr. J. Chem. 1969, 7, 795.
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    • Marquez, J.; Moreno-Mañas, M. Chem. Lett. 1981, 173. Direct formation of ene-dione 18 by condensation of ketone 15 and acetylacetone according to the method of Lehnert failed (Lehnert, W. Tetrahedron 1973, 29, 635). However, this method was for Knovenagel reaction of diethyl malonate and benzophenone derivatives.
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    • Marquez, J.; Moreno-Mañas, M. Chem. Lett. 1981, 173. Direct formation of ene-dione 18 by condensation of ketone 15 and acetylacetone according to the method of Lehnert failed (Lehnert, W. Tetrahedron 1973, 29, 635). However, this method was for Knovenagel reaction of diethyl malonate and benzophenone derivatives.
    • (1973) Tetrahedron , vol.29 , pp. 635
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    • Majetich, G.; Lowery, D.; Khetani, V.; Song, J.-S.; Hull, K.; Ringold, C. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3988. Reaction of ene-dione 18 with the methylcerium reagent formed from methyllithium and ceric chloride ( Imamoto, T.; Takiyama, N.; Nakamura, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1985, 26, 4763) gave only very small amounts of the desired diol.
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    • Majetich, G.; Lowery, D.; Khetani, V.; Song, J.-S.; Hull, K.; Ringold, C. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3988. Reaction of ene-dione 18 with the methylcerium reagent formed from methyllithium and ceric chloride ( Imamoto, T.; Takiyama, N.; Nakamura, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1985, 26, 4763) gave only very small amounts of the desired diol.
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    • Imamoto, T.1    Takiyama, N.2    Nakamura, K.3
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    • note
    • 2 have been determined and will be reported elsewhere. The crystal structures of the dibromides corroborate the MM2 results presented here. For a preliminary account, see ref 11.
  • 49
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    • note
    • Fluid solution EPR spectra were simulated using the EPR Calculations for MS-Windows NT/95, Version 0.96, Public EPR Software Tools, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC.; Dave Duling, 1996. The correlation coefficient for the simulations are R ≥ 0.995.
  • 50
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    • J-modulation can cause the "alternating linewidth effect," see refs 46-48
    • J-modulation can cause the "alternating linewidth effect," see refs 46-48.
  • 51
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    • note
    • We thank Professor Malcolm Forbes for a copy of his program for simulating J-modulated EPR spectra.
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    • John Wiley & Sons: New York
    • A linear Curie plot is also consistent with degenerate singlet and triplet states. For an excellent discussion of the salient features of the Curie plot, see: The Chemistry of Quinonoid Compounds; Berson, J. A., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1988; Vol. II, p 482. In addition, linear Curie plots can also result for small negative J-values.
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    • Aryl-tert-butylnitroxide torsion angles in the following citations vary from ca. 2° to ca. 38°: Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012; Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13267; Inoue, K.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 927; Nakazono, S.; Karasawa, S.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1550.
    • (1994) Inorg. Chem. , vol.33 , pp. 6012
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    • Aryl-tert-butylnitroxide torsion angles in the following citations vary from ca. 2° to ca. 38°: Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012; Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13267; Inoue, K.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 927; Nakazono, S.; Karasawa, S.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1550.
    • (1993) J. Phys. Chem. , vol.97 , pp. 13267
    • Kanno, F.1    Inoue, K.2    Koga, N.3    Iwamura, H.4
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    • Aryl-tert-butylnitroxide torsion angles in the following citations vary from ca. 2° to ca. 38°: Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012; Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13267; Inoue, K.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 927; Nakazono, S.; Karasawa, S.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1550.
    • (1995) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. , vol.34 , pp. 927
    • Inoue, K.1    Iwamura, H.2
  • 71
    • 0032546943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aryl-tert-butylnitroxide torsion angles in the following citations vary from ca. 2° to ca. 38°: Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012; Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13267; Inoue, K.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 927; Nakazono, S.; Karasawa, S.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1550.
    • (1998) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. , vol.37 , pp. 1550
    • Nakazono, S.1    Karasawa, S.2    Iwamura, H.3
  • 78
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    • note
    • 2,3 Also, the planar dinitroxide, 7••, does not behave differently from the other dinitroxides. Thus, the absence of J-modulation is most likely a combination of a large average J, and fast correlation times of the nitroxide groups themselves.


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