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1
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33748222143
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For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
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For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
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For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
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For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
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5
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0030012903
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For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
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6
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0029857173
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For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
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Iwamura, H.6
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2642584946
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For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
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See also ref 11
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For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
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For papers discussing the effects of torsion on exchange coupling in m-phenylene-type biradicals, see: (a) Dvolaitzky, M.; Chiarelli, R.; Rassat, A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 180. (b) Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 847. Silverman, S. K.; Dougherty, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13273. Okada, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Akiyama, K.; Ikegami, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6693. (e) Adam, W.; van Barneveld, C.; Bottle, S. E.; Engert, H.; Hanson, G. R.; Harrer, H. M.; Heim, C.; Nau, W. M.; Wang, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3974. (f) Fujita, J.; Tanaka, M.; Suemune, H.; Koga, N.; Matsuda, K.; Iwamura, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9347. (g) Okada, K.; Imakura, T.; Oda, M.; Murai, H.; Baumgarten, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3047. (h) See also ref 11. Ab initio calculations explain antiferromagnetic coupling in certain m-phenylene-linked structures, see: Fang, S.; Lee, M.-S.; Hrovat, D. A.; Borden, W. T. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1995, 117, 6727.
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0344794262
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note
-
2 have been determined and will be reported elsewhere. The crystal structures of the dibromides corroborate the MM2 results presented here. For a preliminary account, see ref 11.
-
-
-
-
49
-
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0345225189
-
-
note
-
Fluid solution EPR spectra were simulated using the EPR Calculations for MS-Windows NT/95, Version 0.96, Public EPR Software Tools, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC.; Dave Duling, 1996. The correlation coefficient for the simulations are R ≥ 0.995.
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50
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0344362457
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J-modulation can cause the "alternating linewidth effect," see refs 46-48
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J-modulation can cause the "alternating linewidth effect," see refs 46-48.
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51
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0344362458
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note
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We thank Professor Malcolm Forbes for a copy of his program for simulating J-modulated EPR spectra.
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54
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A linear Curie plot is also consistent with degenerate singlet and triplet states. For an excellent discussion of the salient features of the Curie plot, see: The Chemistry of Quinonoid Compounds; Berson, J. A., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1988; Vol. II, p 482. In addition, linear Curie plots can also result for small negative J-values.
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Berson, J.A.1
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Aryl-tert-butylnitroxide torsion angles in the following citations vary from ca. 2° to ca. 38°: Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012; Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13267; Inoue, K.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 927; Nakazono, S.; Karasawa, S.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1550.
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Aryl-tert-butylnitroxide torsion angles in the following citations vary from ca. 2° to ca. 38°: Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012; Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13267; Inoue, K.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 927; Nakazono, S.; Karasawa, S.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1550.
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70
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33748215487
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Aryl-tert-butylnitroxide torsion angles in the following citations vary from ca. 2° to ca. 38°: Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012; Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13267; Inoue, K.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 927; Nakazono, S.; Karasawa, S.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1550.
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Inoue, K.1
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Aryl-tert-butylnitroxide torsion angles in the following citations vary from ca. 2° to ca. 38°: Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012; Kanno, F.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 13267; Inoue, K.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 927; Nakazono, S.; Karasawa, S.; Iwamura, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1550.
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Aurich, H. G.; Hahn, K.; Stork, K.; Weiss, W. Tetrahedron 1977, 33, 969.
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Aurich, H.G.1
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78
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0344794253
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note
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2,3 Also, the planar dinitroxide, 7••, does not behave differently from the other dinitroxides. Thus, the absence of J-modulation is most likely a combination of a large average J, and fast correlation times of the nitroxide groups themselves.
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