Synthesis and Characterization of a Nitroxide-Semiquinone Biradical

Journal of Organic Chemistry

Volumn 63, Issue 18, 1998, Pages 6254-6257

  Shultz, David A ^a   Farmer, Gary T ^a  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000079008     PISSN: 00223263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jo980562p     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
2. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
3. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
4. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
5. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
6. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
7. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
8. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
9. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
10. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
11. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
12. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
13. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
14. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
15. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
16. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
17. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
18. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
19. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
20. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
21. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
22. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi,
23. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
24. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
25. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
26. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
27. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
28. For papers on nitroxide complexes, see the following: (a) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R.; Rey, P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 392. (b) Caneschi, A.; Gatteschi, D.; Rey, P.; Sessoli, R. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 204. (c) Gatteschi, D.; Sessoli, R. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1992, 104, 2092. (d) Stumpf, H. O.; Ouahab, L.; Pei, Y.; Grandjean, D.; Kahn, O. Science 1993, 261, 447. (e) Gatteschi, D. Adv. Mater. 1994, 6, 635. (f) Luneau, D.; Laugier, J.; Rey, P.; Ulrich, G.; Ziessel, R.; Legoll, P.; Drillon, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1994, 741. (g) Kitano, M.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 447. (h) Kitano, M.; Ishimaru, Y.; Inoue, K.; Koga, N.; Iwamura, H. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 6012. (i) de Panthou, F. L.; Belorizky, E.; Calemczuk, R.; Luneau, D.; Marcenat, C.; Ressouche, E.; Turek, P.; Rey, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11247. (j) Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hashizume, D.; Ohashi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1803. (k) Pei, Y.; Kahn, O.; Ouahab, L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 193. (1) Iwamura, H.; Inoue, K.; Hayamizu, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 243. (m) Ottaviani, M. F.; Turro, C.; Turro, N. J.; Bossman, S. J.; Tomlalia, D. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 13667. (n) Sokolowsky, A.; Bothe, E.; Bill, E.; Weyhermueller, T.; Wieghardt, K. Chem. Commun. 1996, 6, 1671. (o) Nakatsuji, S.; Anzai, H. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 2161. (p) Fegy, K.; Luneau, D.; Ohm, T.; Paulsen, C.; Rey, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 1270; for some interesting non-nitroxide paramagnetic ligand-metal complexes, see the following: (q) Pierpont, C. G.; Buchanan, R. M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1981, 38, 45. (r) Gans, P.; Buisson, G.; Duee, E.; Marchon, J. C.; Erler, B. S.; Scholz, W. F.; Reed, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1223. (s) Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; McLean, R. S.; Epstein, A. J. Adv. Mater. 1992, 4, 498. (t) Gatteschi, D.; Dei, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1992, 198-200, 813. (u) Pierpont, C. G.; Lange, C. W. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 41, 331. (v) Adams, D. M.; Li, B.; Simon, J. D.; Hendrickson, D. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1481. (w) Hintermaier, F.; Sünkel, K.; Volodarsky, L. B.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 5500. (x) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844; for general texts on molecular magnetism, see the following: (y) Gatteschi, D. Molecular Magnetic Materials; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991. (z) Kahn, O. Molecular Magnetism; VCH: New York, 1993. (aa) Molecular Magnetism: From Molecular Assemblies to the Devices; Coronado, E., Delhaes, P., Gatteschi, D., Miller, J. S., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; Vol. 321. (bb) Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Theory, Technique, and Applications; Turnbull, M. M., Sugimoto, T., Thompson, L. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 644 American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.
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33. -1) characteristic of intradiol cleavage products. For more information about intradiol cleavage, see refs 1q and 1u.
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35. Shultz, D. A.; Boal, A. K. Unpublished results.
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37. Shultz, D. A.; Boal, A. K.; Campbell, N. P. Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 1540.
38. See Supporting Information for EPR spectrum from bulk electrolysis.
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