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note
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This paper profited from ideas discussed at a symposium on "The Commons Revisited; An Americas Perspective" held in conjunction with the X General Assembly of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), June 1998. We thank the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NSF, and NASA for supporting the U.S. National Committee for SCOPE, where this effort began. We thank F. Berkes, A. Blomqvist, P. Dalecki, D. Dodds, K. Dougherty, D. Feeny, T. Hargis-Young, C. Hess, B. J. McCay, M. McGinnis, M. Polski, E. Schlager, N. Sengupta, J. Unruh, O. Young, and anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. Supported by NSF grant SBR-9521918, the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Ford Foundation, and the MacArthur Foundation (E.O.) and by U.S. Department of Energy grant AI DE-FC01-95EW55084 to the Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant ESO 5022 (J.B.).
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