Frustrated Reconstruction at the Surface of a Glassy Polymer

Macromolecules

Volumn 32, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 1665-1671

  Rouse, Jason H ^a   Twaddle, Patricia L ^a   Ferguson, Gregory S ^a  

^a LEHIGH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATION ENERGY; DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS; GLASS TRANSITION; POLYMERIC GLASS; THERMAL EFFECTS;

POLYMETHYLSTYRENE;

POLYSTYRENES;

EID: 0033537595     PISSN: 00249297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ma981149m     Document Type: Article

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61. The approximate escape depth of photoemission, d, is given by 3λ(sin θ), where λ is the inelastic mean free path of the photoelectron in the polymer and θ is the takeoff angle. A value of 3.8 nm for λ was obtained using Ashley's equation and 3.7 nm using Seah and Dench's equation: Ashley, J. C. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 1980, NS-27, 1454-1458. Seah, M. P.; Dench, W. A. Surf. Int. Anal. 1979, 1, 2-11.
62. 2) in the survey spectrum.
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65. 1H NMR spectrum (Figure 4). The broad peak centered at 6.8 ppm contains the four protons of the unoxidized repeat units as well as protons meta to the carboxylic acids or aldehyde groups of the functionalized units. The difference in the integrals of these peaks represents the aromatic protons of the unreacted repeat units, and the ratio of the areas of these components, normalized to the number of protons, provided the yield of oxidation. The fraction of oxidized repeat units attributable to aldehyde groups was then calculated by dividing the integral of the aldehyde peak (9.9 ppm) by the normalized integral of the peak at 7.8 ppm. The remaining oxidized repeat units were assigned to carboxylic acids: Ishino, Y.; Hirao, A.; Nakahama, S. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2309-2312. Hirao, A.; Nakahama, S. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2968-2972.
66. 1H NMR spectrum (Figure 4). The broad peak centered at 6.8 ppm contains the four protons of the unoxidized repeat units as well as protons meta to the carboxylic acids or aldehyde groups of the functionalized units. The difference in the integrals of these peaks represents the aromatic protons of the unreacted repeat units, and the ratio of the areas of these components, normalized to the number of protons, provided the yield of oxidation. The fraction of oxidized repeat units attributable to aldehyde groups was then calculated by dividing the integral of the aldehyde peak (9.9 ppm) by the normalized integral of the peak at 7.8 ppm. The remaining oxidized repeat units were assigned to carboxylic acids: Ishino, Y.; Hirao, A.; Nakahama, S. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2309- 2312. Hirao, A.; Nakahama, S. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2968-2972.
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