-
1
-
-
18144435537
-
-
M. H. Carr et al., Nature 391, 363 (1998).
-
(1998)
Nature
, vol.391
, pp. 363
-
-
Carr, M.H.1
-
2
-
-
0032558839
-
-
K. K. Khurana et al., ibid. 395, 777 (1998).
-
(1998)
Nature
, vol.395
, pp. 777
-
-
Khurana, K.K.1
-
3
-
-
0000056125
-
-
R. T. Reynolds, S. W. Squyres, D. S. Colburn, C. P. McKay, Icarus 56, 246 (1983).
-
(1983)
Icarus
, vol.56
, pp. 246
-
-
Reynolds, R.T.1
Squyres, S.W.2
Colburn, D.S.3
McKay, C.P.4
-
4
-
-
0344708201
-
-
S. Mood, Astronomy 11, 16 (1983); R. T. Reynolds, C. P. McKay, J. F. Kasting, Adv. Space Res. 7 (5), 125 (1987); C. S. Powell, Sci. Am. 276, 28 (January 1997); F. J. Dyson, Atl. Mon. 280, 71 (November 1997).
-
(1983)
Astronomy
, vol.11
, pp. 16
-
-
Mood, S.1
-
5
-
-
0023641434
-
-
S. Mood, Astronomy 11, 16 (1983); R. T. Reynolds, C. P. McKay, J. F. Kasting, Adv. Space Res. 7 (5), 125 (1987); C. S. Powell, Sci. Am. 276, 28 (January 1997); F. J. Dyson, Atl. Mon. 280, 71 (November 1997).
-
(1987)
Adv. Space Res.
, vol.7
, Issue.5
, pp. 125
-
-
Reynolds, R.T.1
McKay, C.P.2
Kasting, J.F.3
-
6
-
-
0345570252
-
-
January
-
S. Mood, Astronomy 11, 16 (1983); R. T. Reynolds, C. P. McKay, J. F. Kasting, Adv. Space Res. 7 (5), 125 (1987); C. S. Powell, Sci. Am. 276, 28 (January 1997); F. J. Dyson, Atl. Mon. 280, 71 (November 1997).
-
(1997)
Sci. Am.
, vol.276
, pp. 28
-
-
Powell, C.S.1
-
7
-
-
0345570251
-
-
November
-
S. Mood, Astronomy 11, 16 (1983); R. T. Reynolds, C. P. McKay, J. F. Kasting, Adv. Space Res. 7 (5), 125 (1987); C. S. Powell, Sci. Am. 276, 28 (January 1997); F. J. Dyson, Atl. Mon. 280, 71 (November 1997).
-
(1997)
Atl. Mon.
, vol.280
, pp. 71
-
-
Dyson, F.J.1
-
9
-
-
0039572480
-
-
R. Greeley et al., Icarus 135, 4 (1998).
-
(1998)
Icarus
, vol.135
, pp. 4
-
-
Greeley, R.1
-
10
-
-
0001377739
-
-
P. M. Cassen, R. T. Reynolds, S. J. Peale, Geophys. Res. Lett. 6, 731 (1979); M. N. Ross and G. Schubert, Nature 325, 133 (1987); G. W. Ojakangas and D. J. Stevenson, Icarus 81, 220 (1989).
-
(1979)
Geophys. Res. Lett.
, vol.6
, pp. 731
-
-
Cassen, P.M.1
Reynolds, R.T.2
Peale, S.J.3
-
11
-
-
0000086088
-
-
P. M. Cassen, R. T. Reynolds, S. J. Peale, Geophys. Res. Lett. 6, 731 (1979); M. N. Ross and G. Schubert, Nature 325, 133 (1987); G. W. Ojakangas and D. J. Stevenson, Icarus 81, 220 (1989).
-
(1987)
Nature
, vol.325
, pp. 133
-
-
Ross, M.N.1
Schubert, G.2
-
12
-
-
0000148225
-
-
P. M. Cassen, R. T. Reynolds, S. J. Peale, Geophys. Res. Lett. 6, 731 (1979); M. N. Ross and G. Schubert, Nature 325, 133 (1987); G. W. Ojakangas and D. J. Stevenson, Icarus 81, 220 (1989).
-
(1989)
Icarus
, vol.81
, pp. 220
-
-
Ojakangas, G.W.1
Stevenson, D.J.2
-
13
-
-
0021081345
-
-
S. W. Squyres et al., Nature 301, 225 (1983).
-
(1983)
Nature
, vol.301
, pp. 225
-
-
Squyres, S.W.1
-
14
-
-
0001145374
-
-
J. M. Greenberg et al., Eds. Kluwer Academic, Boston
-
S. Chang, in The Chemistry of Life's Origins, J. M. Greenberg et al., Eds. (Kluwer Academic, Boston, 1993), pp. 259-299; R. Navarro-Gonzalez, M. J. Molina, L. T. Molina, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 3123 (1998).
-
(1993)
The Chemistry of Life's Origins
, pp. 259-299
-
-
Chang, S.1
-
15
-
-
0032529769
-
-
S. Chang, in The Chemistry of Life's Origins, J. M. Greenberg et al., Eds. (Kluwer Academic, Boston, 1993), pp. 259-299; R. Navarro-Gonzalez, M. J. Molina, L. T. Molina, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 3123 (1998).
-
(1998)
Geophys. Res. Lett.
, vol.25
, pp. 3123
-
-
Navarro-Gonzalez, R.1
Molina, M.J.2
Molina, L.T.3
-
16
-
-
0002929079
-
-
J. W. Schopf and C. Klein, Eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
-
J. L. Kirschvink, in The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study, J. W. Schopf and C. Klein, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1992), pp. 51-52;
-
(1992)
The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study
, pp. 51-52
-
-
Kirschvink, J.L.1
-
17
-
-
0032575722
-
-
P. F. Hoffmann, A. J. Kaufman, G. P. Halverson, D. P. Schrag, Science 281, 1342 (1998).
-
(1998)
Science
, vol.281
, pp. 1342
-
-
Hoffmann, P.F.1
Kaufman, A.J.2
Halverson, G.P.3
Schrag, D.P.4
-
19
-
-
0026365390
-
-
V. Tunnicliffe, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. 29, 319 (1991); R. A. Lutz and M. J. Kennish, Rev. Geophys. 31, 211 (1993).
-
(1991)
Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.
, vol.29
, pp. 319
-
-
Tunnicliffe, V.1
-
20
-
-
0027795774
-
-
V. Tunnicliffe, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. 29, 319 (1991); R. A. Lutz and M. J. Kennish, Rev. Geophys. 31, 211 (1993).
-
(1993)
Rev. Geophys.
, vol.31
, pp. 211
-
-
Lutz, R.A.1
Kennish, M.J.2
-
23
-
-
0002619463
-
-
Interactions of C, N, P, and S. R. Wollast, F. T. MacKenzie, L. Chou, Eds. Springer-Verlag, New York
-
G. A. Knauer, in Interactions of C, N, P, and S. Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change, R. Wollast, F. T. MacKenzie, L. Chou, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993), pp. 211-231.
-
(1993)
Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change
, pp. 211-231
-
-
Knauer, G.A.1
-
26
-
-
0033605630
-
-
R. W. Carlson et al., Science 283, 2062 (1999).
-
(1999)
Science
, vol.283
, pp. 2062
-
-
Carlson, R.W.1
-
28
-
-
0030121957
-
-
W.-H. Ip, Icarus 120, 317 (1996).
-
(1996)
Icarus
, vol.120
, pp. 317
-
-
Ip, W.-H.1
-
29
-
-
0028938956
-
-
D. T. Hall et al., Nature 373, 677 (1995).
-
(1995)
Nature
, vol.373
, pp. 677
-
-
Hall, D.T.1
-
30
-
-
0345570243
-
-
Tucson, AZ
-
Y. L. Yung and M. T. Leu, paper presented at the American Astronomical Society Division of Planetary Science Meeting 28, Tucson, AZ, 1996; M. L. Delitsky and A. L. Lane, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 16385 (1997); R. E. Johnson and W. A. Jesser, Astrophys. J. 480, L79 (1997).
-
(1996)
American Astronomical Society Division of Planetary Science Meeting
, vol.28
-
-
Yung, Y.L.1
Leu, M.T.2
-
31
-
-
0031414618
-
-
Y. L. Yung and M. T. Leu, paper presented at the American Astronomical Society Division of Planetary Science Meeting 28, Tucson, AZ, 1996; M. L. Delitsky and A. L. Lane, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 16385 (1997); R. E. Johnson and W. A. Jesser, Astrophys. J. 480, L79 (1997).
-
(1997)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.102
, pp. 16385
-
-
Delitsky, M.L.1
Lane, A.L.2
-
32
-
-
21744433695
-
-
Y. L. Yung and M. T. Leu, paper presented at the American Astronomical Society Division of Planetary Science Meeting 28, Tucson, AZ, 1996; M. L. Delitsky and A. L. Lane, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 16385 (1997); R. E. Johnson and W. A. Jesser, Astrophys. J. 480, L79 (1997).
-
(1997)
Astrophys. J.
, vol.480
-
-
Johnson, R.E.1
Jesser, W.A.2
-
34
-
-
0032569044
-
-
J. C. Priscu et al., Science 280, 2095 (1998).
-
(1998)
Science
, vol.280
, pp. 2095
-
-
Priscu, J.C.1
-
36
-
-
0029803847
-
-
G. S. Orton et al., Science 274, 389 (1996).
-
(1996)
Science
, vol.274
, pp. 389
-
-
Orton, G.S.1
-
39
-
-
0000211515
-
-
J. M. Moore et al., ibid. 135, 127 (1998).
-
(1998)
Icarus
, vol.135
, pp. 127
-
-
Moore, J.M.1
-
40
-
-
0032556889
-
-
R. Sullivan et al., Nature 391, 371 (1998).
-
(1998)
Nature
, vol.391
, pp. 371
-
-
Sullivan, R.1
-
42
-
-
0030323920
-
-
Wiley, Chichester, England
-
E. L. Shock, in Evolution of Hydrothermal Ecosystems on Earth (and Mars) (Wiley, Chichester, England, 1996), vol. 202, pp. 40-60.
-
(1996)
Evolution of Hydrothermal Ecosystems on Earth (and Mars)
, vol.202
, pp. 40-60
-
-
Shock, E.L.1
-
44
-
-
0024857198
-
-
N. H. Sleep, K. J. Zahnle, J. F. Kasting, H. J. Morowitz, ibid. 342, 139 (1989).
-
(1989)
Nature
, vol.342
, pp. 139
-
-
Sleep, N.H.1
Zahnle, K.J.2
Kasting, J.F.3
Morowitz, H.J.4
-
46
-
-
0032566557
-
-
J. D. Anderson et al., Science 281, 2019 (1998).
-
(1998)
Science
, vol.281
, pp. 2019
-
-
Anderson, J.D.1
-
50
-
-
0025593885
-
-
C. Ballhaus et al., Nature 348, 437 (1990).
-
(1990)
Nature
, vol.348
, pp. 437
-
-
Ballhaus, C.1
-
51
-
-
0032557698
-
-
Extrusion or outgassing of sulfide and subsequent oxidation on the surface could be responsible for the observed sulfates [T. McCord et al., Science 280, 1242 (1998)].
-
(1998)
Science
, vol.280
, pp. 1242
-
-
McCord, T.1
-
53
-
-
0026876403
-
-
J. C. Murrell, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 88, 233 (1992); C. G. Friedrich, Adv. Microb. Physiol. 39, 235 (1998).
-
(1992)
FEMS Microbiol. Rev.
, vol.88
, pp. 233
-
-
Murrell, J.C.1
-
55
-
-
0024274601
-
-
T. J. DiChristina, R. G. Arnold, M. E. Lidstrom, M. R. Hoffmann, Water Sci. Technol. 20, 69 (1988); D. R. Lovley and E. F. Phillips, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51, 683 (1988); C. R. Myers and K. H. Nealson, J. Bacteriol. 172, 6232 (1990).
-
(1988)
Water Sci. Technol.
, vol.20
, pp. 69
-
-
DiChristina, T.J.1
Arnold, R.G.2
Lidstrom, M.E.3
Hoffmann, M.R.4
-
56
-
-
0024274601
-
-
T. J. DiChristina, R. G. Arnold, M. E. Lidstrom, M. R. Hoffmann, Water Sci. Technol. 20, 69 (1988); D. R. Lovley and E. F. Phillips, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51, 683 (1988); C. R. Myers and K. H. Nealson, J. Bacteriol. 172, 6232 (1990).
-
(1988)
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
, vol.51
, pp. 683
-
-
Lovley, D.R.1
Phillips, E.F.2
-
57
-
-
0025018122
-
-
T. J. DiChristina, R. G. Arnold, M. E. Lidstrom, M. R. Hoffmann, Water Sci. Technol. 20, 69 (1988); D. R. Lovley and E. F. Phillips, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51, 683 (1988); C. R. Myers and K. H. Nealson, J. Bacteriol. 172, 6232 (1990).
-
(1990)
J. Bacteriol.
, vol.172
, pp. 6232
-
-
Myers, C.R.1
Nealson, K.H.2
-
58
-
-
0345138695
-
-
for useful discussions
-
We thank Y. Yung and E. Shock for useful discussions.
-
-
-
Yung, Y.1
Shock, E.2
|