Vulcanization of butadiene rubber by means of cyclic bisulfides. 2. A 2D solid state HRMAS NMR study on cross-link structures in br vulcanizates

Macromolecules

Volumn 32, Issue 22, 1999, Pages 7509-7520

  Hulst, Ron ^a,b   Seyger, Roger M ^a   Van Duynhoven, John P M ^a   Noordermeer, Jacques W M ^a   Bantjes, Adriaan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE   (Netherlands)

^b UNILEVER RESEARCH VLAARDINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADDITION REACTIONS; BONDING; BUTADIENE; CROSSLINKING; GRAFTING (CHEMICAL); MATHEMATICAL MODELS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; STRUCTURE (COMPOSITION); SULFUR COMPOUNDS; VULCANIZATION;

CYCLIC DISULFIDES; CYCLODODECATRIENE; DITHIACYCLOOCTANE; HIGH RESOLUTION MAGIC ANGLE SPINNING; TOTAL CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; VULCANIZATES;

SYNTHETIC RUBBER;

EID: 0033517629     PISSN: 00249297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ma990595m     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. For an introduction, see: The Chemistry and Physics of Rubber-like Substances; Bateman, L., Ed., Maclaren: London, 1963.
2. Porter, M. in The Chemistry of Sulfides, Tobolsky, A., Ed.; Interscience: New York, 1968.
3. Skinner, T. D. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1971, 44, 904.
4. Gregg, E. C., Jr.; Lattimer, R. P. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1984, 57, 1056.
5. Koenig, J. L.; Coleman, M. M.; Shelton, J. R.; Starmer, P. H. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1971, 44, 71.
6. Seyger, R. M.; van der Does, L.; Noordermeer, J. W. M.; Bantjes, A., Manuscript in preparation.
7. Part 1: Seyger, R. M.; Hülst, R.; van Duynhoven, J. P. M.; van der Does, L.; Noordermeer, J. W. M.; Bantjes, A. Macromulecules 1999, 32, 7504.
8. Versloot, P. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands, 1993.
9. Garroway, A. N. J. Magn. Reson. 1982, 49, 168.
10. Nielsen, N. C.; Bildsoe, H.; Jakobsen, H. J. Macromolecules 1992, 24, 2847.
11. Zaper, A. M.; Koenig, J. L. Makromol. Chem. 1988,189,1239.
12. Clough, R. S.; Koenig, J. L. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1989,62, 908.
13. Cheng, L. L.; Lean, C. L.; Bogdanova, A.; Wright, S. C.; Ackerman, J. L.; Brady, T. J.; Garrido, L. Magn. Reson. Med. 1996,36,653.
14. Millis, K; Maas, W. E.; Singer, S.; Gory, D. G. Magn. Reson. Med. 1997, 38, 399.
15. Gross, J. D.; Costa, P. R.; Dubacq, J. B.; Warschawski, D. E.; Lirsca, P. N.; Devaux, P. F.; Griffin, R. G. J. Magn. Reson. 1995, 106, 187.
16. Nechifor, A. M.; Philipse, A. P.; de Jong, F.; van Duynhoven, J. P. M.; Egberink, R. J. M.; Reinhoudt, D. N. Langmuir 1996, 12, 3844.
17. Stover, H. D. H.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromolecules 1991,24, 883.
18. Anderson, R. C.; Jarema, M. A.; Shapiro, M. J.; Stokes, J. P.; Ziliox, M. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2650.
19. Keifer, P.; Baltusis, L.; Rice, D. M.; Tymiak, A.; Shoolery, J. N. J. Magn. Reson. 1996, A119, 65.
20. Sarkar, S. K; Garigipati, R. S.; Adams, J. L.; Keifer, P. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2305.
21. Doskocilova, D.; Schneider, B. Pure Appl. Chem. 1982, 54, 575.
22. Komoroski, R. A.; Shockcor, J. P.; Gregg, E. C.; Savoca, J. L. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1986, 59, 328.
23. Affleck, J. G.; Dougherty, G. J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 865.
24. Houk, J.; Whitesides, G. Tetrahedron 1989, 45, 91.
25. Goodrow, M. V.; Musker, W. K. Synthesis 1981, 457.
26. According to DIN 53 529, 1987.
27. Bax, A.; Freeman, R. J. Magn. Reson. 1981, 44, 542.
28. Ranee, M.; S0rensen, O. W.; Bodenhausen, G.; Wagner, G.; Ernst, R. R.; Wüthrich, K. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1983, 117, 479.
29. Bax, A.; Davis, D. G. J. Magn. Reson. 1985, 65, 355.
30. Jeener, J.; Meier, B. H.; Bachmann, P.; Ernst, R. R. J. Chem. Phys. 1979, 71, 4546.
31. Bax, A.; Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Liquids; Delft University Press: Delft, Holland, 1982; pp 5564.
32. Bax, A.; Griffey, R. H.; Hawkins, B. L. J. Magn. Reson. 1983, 55, 301.
33. States, D. J.; Haberkorn, R. A.; Rüben, D. J. J. Magn. Reson.. 1982, 48, 286.
34. Longiavi, C.; Castelli, R. J. Polym. Sci., Part C4 1963, 387.
35. Bywater, S. Polym. Commun. 1983, 24, 203.
36. Although several methine carbons are visible in the region (o 40-50 ppm), this was the only resonance where a difference in chemical shift was observed upon the application of various cyclic disulfides as cross-linking entities.
37. Part 3: Hulst, R.; Seyger, R. M.; van Duynhoven, J. P. M.; van der Does, L.; Noordermeer, J. W.; Bantjes, A. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 7521.
38. Smith, S. R.; Koenig, J. L. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1992, 65, 176.