Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity in human lung epithelial (A549) cells: Factors influencing its measurement

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Volumn 27, Issue 11-12, 1999, Pages 1346-1356

  Ray, Sangeeta ^a   Misso, Neil L A ^a   Lenzo, Jason C ^a   Robinson, Cleo ^a   Thompson, Philip J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Glutamylcysteine synthetase; Assay methods; Cell proliferation; Free radical; Glutathione; Growth media

Indexed keywords

GLUTAMATE CYSTEINE LIGASE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

ARTICLE; CELL GROWTH; CELL PROLIFERATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LUNG ALVEOLUS EPITHELIUM; MEASUREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOENZYMATIC ASSAY;

CELL COUNT; CELL DIVISION; CELL LINE; CULTURE MEDIA; EPITHELIAL CELLS; GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE; GLUTATHIONE; HUMANS; LUNG; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0033437161     PISSN: 08915849     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00182-3     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Cross C.E. Reactive oxygen species and the lung. Lancet. 344:1994;930-933.
2. Halliwell B. Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease curiosity, cause, or consequence? Lancet. 344:1994;721-724.
3. Heffner J.E., Repine J.E. Pulmonary strategies of antioxidant defense. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140:1989;531-554.
4. Smith L.J., Houston M., Anderson J. Increased levels of glutathione in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 147:1993;1461-1464.
5. van Klaveren R.J., Demedts M., Nemery B. Cellular glutathione turnover in vitro, with emphasis on type II pneumocytes. Eur. Respir. J. 10:1997;1392-1400.
6. Deneke S.M., Fanburg B.L. Regulation of cellular glutathione. Am. J. Physiol. 257:1989;L163-L173.
7. Meister A. Metabolism and function of glutathione an overview . Biochem. Soc. Trans. 10:1982;78-85.
8. Brown L.S. Glutathione protects signal transduction in type II cells under oxidant stress. Am. J. Physiol. 266:1994;L172-L177.
9. Jenkinson S.C., Lawrence R.A., Zamora C.A., Deneke S.M. Induction of intracellular glutathione in alveolar type II pneumocytes following BCNU exposure. Am. J. Physiol. 266:1994;L125-L130.
10. Lash L.H., Hagen T.M., Jones D.P. Exogenous glutathione protects intestinal epithelial cells from oxidative injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:1986;4641-4645.
11. Rahman I., Li X.Y., Donaldson K., Harrison D.J., MacNee W. Glutathione homeostasis in alveolar epithelial cells in vitro and lung in vivo under oxidative stress. Am. J. Physiol. 269:1995;L285-L292.
12. Shi M.M., Iwamoto T., Forman H.J. γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH increase in quinone-induced oxidative stress in BPAEC. Am. J. Physiol. 267:1994;L414-L421.
13. Shi M.M., Kugelman A., Iwamoto T., Tian L., Forman H.J. Quinone-induced oxidative stress elevates glutathione and induces γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity in rat lung epithelial L2 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;26512-26517.
14. Richman P.G., Meister A. Regulation of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase by nonallosteric feedback inhibition by glutathione. J. Biol. Chem. 250:1975;1422-1426.
15. Arsalane K., Dubois C.M., Muanza T., Begin R., Boudreau F., Asselin C., Cantin A.M. Transforming growth factor-β1 is a potent inhibitor of glutathione synthesis in the lung epithelial cell line A549 transcriptional effect on the GSH rate-limiting enzyme γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase . Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 17:1997;599-607.
16. Kavanagh T.J., Raghu G., White C.C., Martin G.M., Rabinovitch P.S., Eaton D.L. Enhancement of glutathione content in glutathione synthetase-deficient fibroblasts from a patient with 5-oxoprolinuria via metabolic cooperation with normal fibroblasts. Exp. Cell Res. 212:1994;69-76.
17. Yan C.C., Huxtable R.J. Effects of monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, on glutathione metabolism in the rat. Biochem. Pharmacol. 51:1996;375-379.
18. Beutler E., Gelbart T. Improved assay of the enzymes of glutathione synthesis γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase . Clin. Chim. Acta. 158:1986;115-123.
19. Forman, H. J.; Shi, M. M.; Iwamoto, T.; Liu, R-M.; Robison, T. W. Measurement of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities in cells. In: Wood, W. A., ed. Methods in enzymology, Vol. 252. New York: Academic Press; 1995:66-71.
20. Nardi G., Cipollaro M., Loguerico C. Assay of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase in erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. J. Chromatogr. Biomed. Appl. 530:1990;122-128.
21. Seelig G.F., Meister A. γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 259:1984;3534-3538.
22. Cai J., Sun W-M, Lu S.C. Hormonal and cell density regulation of hepatic γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene expression. Mol. Pharmacol. 48:1995;212-218.
23. Lu S.C., Ge J.-L. Loss of suppression of GSH synthesis at low cell density in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 263:1992;C1181-C1189.
24. Kang Y.J., Enger M.D. Glutathione content and growth in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Exp. Cell Res. 187:1990;177-179.
25. Kang Y.J., Feng Y., Enger M.D. Glutathione stimulates A549 cell proliferation in glutamine-deficient culture the effect of glutamate supplementation . J. Cell. Physiol. 161:1994;589-596.
26. Meredith M.J. Culture duration alters the glutathione content and sensitivity to ethacrynic acid of rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 2:1986;495-505.
27. Shaw J.P., Chou I.-N. Elevation of intracellular glutathione content associated with mitogenic stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 129:1986;193-198.
28. Suthanthiran M., Anderson M.E., Sharma V.K., Meister A. Glutathione regulates activation-dependent DNA synthesis in highly purified normal human T lymphocytes stimulated via the CD2 and CD3 antigens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:1990;3343-3347.
29. Watkins D.N., Garlepp M.J., Thompson P.J. Regulation of the inducible cyclo-oxygenase pathway in human cultured airway epithelial (A549) cells by nitric oxide. Br. J. Pharmacol. 121:1997;1482-1488.
30. Tietze F. Enzymic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidised glutathione applications to mammalian blood and other tissue . Anal. Biochem. 27:1969;502-522.
31. Robinson, C. The expression and function of B-myb in the cell cycle. Ph.D. thesis, Open University, London. 1995:46-47.
32. Wang S.-T., Chen H.-W., Sheen L.-Y., Lii C.-K. Methionine and cysteine affect glutathione level, glutathione-related enzyme activities and the expression of glutathione S-transferase isozymes in rat hepatocytes. J. Nutr. 127:1997;2135-2141.
33. Keogh B.P., Allen R.G., Pignolo R., Horton J., Tresini M., Cristofalo V.J. Expression of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione metabolising enzymes in human skin fibroblasts derived from donors of different ages. J. Cell. Physiol. 167:1996;512-523.
34. Forman H.J., Fisher A.B. Antioxidant enzymes of rat granular pneumocytes. Constitutive levels and effects of hyperoxia. Lab. Invest. 45:1981;1-6.
35. Lee F.Y.F., Siemann D.W., Allalunis-Turner M.J., Keng P.C. Glutathione contents in human and rodent tumor cells in various phases of the cell cycle. Cancer Res. 48:1988;3661-3665.
36. Hunter E.L., Grimble R.F. Dietary sulphur amino acid adequacy influences glutathione synthesis and glutathione-dependent enzymes during the inflammatory response to endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor-α in rats. Clin. Sci. 92:1997;297-305.
37. Brodie A.E., Reed D.J. Buthionine sulfoximine inhibition of cystine uptake and glutathione biosynthesis in human lung carcinoma cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 77:1985;381-387.
38. Gibco BRL Products & Reference Guide, Classical media section p 39, 49 & 63, (1997-1998).
39. Bannai S. Transport of cystine and cysteine in mammalian cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 779:1984;289-306.
40. Lu S.C., Ge J.L., Kuhlenkamp L., Kapolwitz N. Insulin and glucocorticoid dependence of hepatic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthesis in the rat. Studies in cultured hepatocytes and in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 90:1992;524-532.
41. Igarashi T., Satoh T., Ono S., Iwashita K., Hosokawa M., Ueno K., Kitagawa H. Effect of steroidal sex hormones on the sex-related differences in the hepatic activities of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase in rats. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 45:1984;225-232.