Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and its receptors KDR and flt-4 are expressed in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

Volumn 113, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 1047-1053

  Skobe, Mihaela ^a   Brown, Lawrence F ^b   Tognazzi, Kathi ^b   Ganju, Ramesh K ^b   Dezube, Bruce J ^b   Alitalo, Kari ^c   Detmar, Michael ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c Massachusetts General Hospital ^*

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; HIV; Lymphatics; VEGF

Indexed keywords

CELL MARKER; VASCULOTROPIN; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; BLOOD VESSEL PERMEABILITY; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; KAPOSI SARCOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; SPINDLE CELL;

EID: 0033402190     PISSN: 0022202X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00798.x     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Achen MG, Jeltsch M, Kukk E, et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 2 (Flk1) and VEGF receptor 3 (Flt4). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:548-553, 1998
2. Aprelikova O, Pajusola K, Partanen J, et al: FLT4, a novel class III receptor tyrosine kinase in chromosome 5q33-qter. Cancer Res 52:746-748, 1992
3. Beckstead JH, Wood GS, Fletcher V: Evidence for the origin of Kaposi's sarcoma from lymphatic endothelium. Am J Pathol 119:294-300, 1985
4. Brown LF, Berse B, Tognazzi K, et al: Vascular permeability factor mRNA and protein expression in human kidney. Kidney Int 42:1457-1461, 1992
5. Brown LF, Tognazzi K, Dvorak HF, Harrist TJ: Strong expression of kinase insert domain-containing receptor, a vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma and cutaneous angiosarcoma. Am J Pathol 148:1065-1074, 1996
6. Cornali E, Zietz C, Benelli R, et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates angiogenesis and vascular permeability in Kaposi's sarcoma. Am J Pathol 149:1851-1869, 1996
7. Detmar M, Mayer-da-Silva A, Stadler R, Orfanos CE: Effects of azelaic acid on proliferation and ultrastructure of mouse keratinocytes in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 93:70-74, 1989
8. Detmar M, Brown LF, Claffey KP, et al: Overexpression of vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in psoriasis. J Exp Med 180:1141-1146, 1994
9. Detmar M, Yeo K-T, Nagy JA, et al: Keratinocyte-derived vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) is a potent mitogen for dermal microvascular endothelial cells. J Invest Dermatol 105:44-50, 1995
10. Dictor M: Kaposi's sarcoma. Origin and significance of lymphaticovenous connections. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 409:23-35, 1986
11. Dorfman RF: Kaposi's sarcoma: The contribution of enzyme histochemistry to the identification of cell types. Acta Int Union Cancer 18:464-476, 1962
12. Dorfman RF: Kaposi's sarcoma: Evidence supporting its origin from the lymphatic system. Lymphology 21:45-52, 1988
13. Enholm B, Paavonen K, Ristimaki A, et al: Comparison of VEGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and Ang-1 mRNA regulation by serum, growth factors, oncoproteins and hypoxia. Oncogene 14:2475-2483, 1997
14. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW: Soft Tissue Tumors. St Louis, MO: Mosby, 1995
15. Hewett PW, Murray JC: Coexpression of flt-1, flt-4 and KDR in freshly isolated and cultured human endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 221:697-702, 1996
16. Jeltsch M, Kaipainen A, Joukov V, et al: Hyperplasia of lymphatic vessels in VFGF-C transgenic mice. Science 276:1423-1425, 1997
17. Joukov V, Pajusola K, Kaipainen A, et al: A novel vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-C, is a ligand for the Flt4 (VEGFR-3) and KDR (VEGFR-2) receptor tyrosine kinases. EMBO J 15:1751, 1996
18. Joukov V, Sorsa T, Kumar V, et al: Proteolytic processing regulates receptor specificity and activity of VEGF-C. EMBO J 16:3898-3911, 1997
19. Joukov V, Kumar V, Sorsa T, Arighi E, Weich H, Saksela O, Alitalo K: A recombinant mutant vascular endothelial growth factor-C that has lost vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 binding, activation, and vascular permeability activities. J Biol Chem 273:6599-6602, 1998
20. Jussila L, Valtola R, Partanen TA, et al: Lymphatic endothelium and Kaposi's sarcoma spindle cells detected by antibodies against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3. Cancer Res 58:1599-1604, 1998
21. Kaipainen A, Korhonen J, van Mustonen THV, Fang GH, Dumont D, Breitman M, Alitalo K: Expression of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 4 gene becomes restricted to lymphatic endothelium during development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:3566-3570, 1995
22. Lee J, Gray A, Yuan J, Luoh SM, Avraham H, Wood WI: Vascular endothelial growth factor-related protein: a ligand and specific activator of the tyrosine kinase receptor Flt4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:1988-1992, 1996
23. Liu ZY, Ganju RK, Wang JF, et al: Cytokine signaling through the novel tyrosine kinase RAFTK in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. J Clin Invest 99:1798-1804, 1997
24. Masood R, Cai J, Zheng T, Smith DL, Naidu Y, Gill PS: Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor is an autocrine growth factor for AIDS-Kaposi sarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:979-984, 1997
25. Naidu YM, Rosen EM, Zitnick R, et al: Role of scatter factor in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:5281-5285, 1994
26. Nakamura S, Murakami MK, Rao N, Weich HA, Rajeev B: Vascular endothelial growth factor is a potent angiogenic factor in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma-derived spindle cells. J Immunol 158:4992-5001, 1997
27. Neufeld G, Cohen T, Gengrinovitch S, Poltorak Z: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. FASER J 13:9-22, 1999
28. Oh SJ, Jeltsch MM, Birkenhaeger R, et al: VEGF and VEGF-C: Specific induction of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the differentiated avian chorioallantoic membrane. Dev Biol 188:96-109, 1997
29. Pajusola K, Aprelikova O, Korhonen J, Kaipainen A, Pertovaara L, Alitalo R, Alitalo K: FLT4 receptor tyrosine kinase contains seven immunoglobulin-like loops and is expressed in multiple human tissues and cell lines. Cancer Res 52:5738-5743, 1992
30. Pelagatti M: Sul sarcoma molteplice primitivo del Kaposi. Gior Ital Mal Ven 40:569, 1905
31. Pepper MS, Mandriota SJ, Jeltsch M, Kumar V, Alitalo K: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -C synergizes with basic fibroblast growth factor and VEGF in the induction of angiogenesis in vitro and alters endothelial cell extracellular prorcolytic activity. J Cell Physiol 177:439-452, 1998
32. Philippson L: Über das sarcoma idiopathicum cutis Kaposi. Ein Beitrag zur Sarkomlehre, Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 167:58, 1902
33. Regezi JA, MacPhail LA, Daniels TE, DeSouza YG, Greenspan JS, Greenspan D: Human immunodeficiency virus-associated oral Kaposi's sarcoma. A heterogeneous cell population dominated by spindle-shaped endothelial cells. Am J Pathol 143:240-249, 1993
34. Richard L, Velasco P, Detmar M: A simple immunomagnetic protocol for the selective isolation and long-term culture of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Exp Cell Res 240:1-6, 1998
35. Ristimaki A, Narko K, Enholm B, Joukov V, Alitalo K: Proinflammatory cytokines regulate expression of the lymphatic endothelial mitogen vascular endothelial growth factor-C. J Biol Chem 273:8413-8418, 1998
36. Roth WK, Brandstetter H, Sturzl M: Cellular and molecular features of HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. AIDS 6:895-913, 1992
37. Skobe M, Rockwell P, Goldstein N, Vosseler S, Fusenig NE: Halting angiogenesis suppresses carcinoma cell invasion. Nat Med 3:1222-1227, 1997
38. Sturzt M, Brandstetter H, Roth WK: Kaposi's sarcoma: a review of gene expression and ultrastructure of KS spindle cells in vivo. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 8:1753-1763, 1992
39. Weindel K, Marne D, Weich HA: AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma cells in culture express vascular endothelial growth factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 183:1167-1174, 1992
40. Weninger W, Partanen TA, Breiteneder-Geleff S, et al: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 and podoplanin suggests a lymphatic endothelial cell origin of Kaposi's sarcoma tumor cells. Lab Invest 79:243-251, 1999
41. Witte MH, Witte CL, Way DL, Fiala M: AIDS, Kaposi sarcoma, and the lymphatic system: update and reflections. Lymphology 23(2):73-80, 1990
42. Witzenbichler B, Asahara T, Murohara T, et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C/VEGF-2) promotes angiogenesis in the setting of tissue ischemia. Am J Pathol 153:381-394, 1998