Inverse social gradient of secondary immune response parameters in children

Reviews on Environmental Health

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 135-143

  Bolte, Gabriele ^a   Mielck, Andreas ^a   Meyer, Ines ^a   Stiller Winkler, Renate ^b   Heinrich, Joachim ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

^b HEINRICH HEINE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Immune parameters; Respiratory infections; Socioeconomic factors

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3C; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BRONCHITIS; CHILD; EDUCATION; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMAN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN BLOOD LEVEL; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OTITIS MEDIA; PNEUMONIA; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; RISK FACTOR; SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE; SOCIAL CLASS; TONSILLITIS;

EID: 0033371371     PISSN: 00487554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/REVEH.1999.14.3.135     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Marmot M, Ryff CD, Bumpass LL, Shipley M, Marks NF. Social inequalities in health: next questions and converging evidence. Soc Sci Med 1997; 44: 901-910.
2. Forastiere F, Agabiti N, Corbo GM, Dell'Orco V, Porta D, Pistelli R, et al. Socioeconomic status, number of siblings, and respiratory infections in early life as determinants of atopy in children. Epidemiology 1997; 8: 566-570.
3. Heinrich J, Popescu MA, Wjst M, Goldstein IF, Wichmann HE. Atopy in children and parental social class. Am J Public Health 1998; 88: 1319-1324.
4. Krāmer U, Heinrich J, Wjst M, Wichmann HE. Age of entry to day nursery and allergy in later childhood. Lancet 1998; 352: 450-454.
5. Martinez FD. Role of viral infections in the inception of asthma and allergies during childhood: could they be protective? Thorax 1994; 49: 1189-1191.
6. Holt PG. Postnatal maturation of immune competence during infancy and childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1995; 6: 59-70.
7. Koning H, Baert MRM, Oranje AP, Savelkoul HFJ, Neijens HJ. Development of immune functions related to allergic mechanisms in young children. Pediatr Res 1996; 40: 363-375.
8. Prescott SL, Macaubas C, Smallacombe T, Holt BJ, Sly PD, Holt PG. Development of allergen-specific T-cell memory in atopic and normal children. Lancet 1999; 353: 196-200.
9. Von Mutius E, Martinez FD, Fritzsch C, Nicolai T, Roell G, Thiemann HH. Prevalence of asthma and atopy in two areas of West and East Germany. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149: 358-364.
10. Duhme H, Weiland SK, Rudolph P, Wienke A, Kramer A, Keil U. Asthma and allergies among children in West and East Germany: a comparison between Mūnster and Greifswald using the ISAAC phase 1 protocol. Eur Respir J 1998; 11: 840-847.
11. Heinrich J, Hoelscher B, Wjst M, Ritz B, Cyrus J, Wichmann HE. Respiratory diseases and allergies in two polluted areas in East Germany. Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107: 53-62.
12. Malvy DJM, Povéda JD, Debruyne M, Montagnon B, Burtschy B, Herbert C, et al. Laser immunonephelometry reference intervals for eight serum proteins in healthy children. Clin Chem 1992; 38: 394-399.
13. Greenland S. Modeling and variable selection in epidemiologic analysts. Am J Public Health 1989; 79: 340-349.
14. Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc 1981.
15. SAS Procedures Guide. Version 6, 3rd ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc 1990.
16. Epi info, Version 6: A word processing, database, and statistics program for epidemiology on microcomputers. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1994.
17. Vogt RF, Schulte PA. Immune markers in epidemiologic field studies. In: Schulte PA, Perera FP, eds, Molecular Epidemiology. Principles and Practices. San Diego: Academic Press 1993; 407-442.
18. Stiller-Winkler R, Idel H, Leng G, Spix C, Dolgner R. Influence of air pollution on humoral immune response. J Clin Epidemiol 1996; 49: 527-534.
19. Brunekreef B, Groot B, Rijcken B, Hoek G, Steenbekkers A, de Boer A. Reproducibility of childhood respiratory symptom questions. Eur Respir J 1992; 5: 930-935.
20. Loschen G, Niemann S, Apelt P. The integration of two health systems: social stratification, work and health in East and West Germany. Soc Sci Med 1997; 44: 883-899.
21. Mielck A, Cavelaars A, Helmert U, Martin K, Winkelhake O, Kunst A. Comparison of health inequalities between East and West Germany. Annual Meeting of the European Public Health Association (EUPHA) 1998 (presentation).
22. Reynolds HY. Immunoglobulin G and its function in the human respiratory tract. Mayo Clin Proc 1988; 63: 161-174.
23. Hexham JM, Carayannopoulos L, Capra JD. Structure and function in IgA. Chem Immunol 1997; 65: 73-87.
24. Wald ER, Dashefsky B, Byers C, Guerra N, Taylor F. Frequency and severity of infections in day care. J Pediatr 1988; 112: 540-546.