RNA editing

Frontiers of Hormone Research

Volumn 25, Issue , 1999, Pages 101-121

  Holland, Katalin A ^a   Richardson, Nathan ^a   Somasekaram, Angelika ^a   Navaratnam, Naveenan ^a  

^a HAMMERSMITH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AICDA (ACTIVATION INDUCED CYTIDINE DEAMINASE); AICDA (ACTIVATION-INDUCED CYTIDINE DEAMINASE); APOLIPOPROTEIN B; APOLIPOPROTEIN B MRNA EDITING ENZYME; CYTIDINE DEAMINASE; MESSENGER RNA;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL; BINDING SITE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; GENETICS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NEOPLASM; REVIEW; RNA EDITING;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; APOLIPOPROTEINS B; BINDING SITES; CYTIDINE DEAMINASE; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; NEOPLASMS; RNA EDITING; RNA, MESSENGER;

EID: 0033290661     PISSN: 03013073     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1159/000060998     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Benne R, Van den Burg J, Brakenhoff J, Sloof P, Van Boom J, Tromp M: Major transcripts of the frameshifted coxII gene from trypanosome mitochondria contains four nucleotides that are not encoded in the DNA. Cell 1986;46:819-826.
2. Simpson L, Emeson RB: RNA editing. Annu Rev Neurosci 1996;19:27-52.
3. Alfonzo JD, Thieman O, Simpson L: The mechanism of U insertion/deletion RNA editing in kinetoplastid mitochondria. Nucl Acids Res 1997;25:3751-3759.
4. Brennicke A, Klein M, Binder S, Knoop V, Grohmann L, Malek O, Marchfelder A, Marienfeld J, Unseld M: Molecular biology of plant mitochondria. Naturwissenschaften 1996;83:339-346.
5. Kable ML, Heidman S, Stuart KD: RNA editing: Getting U into RNA. Trends Biochem Sci 1997;22:162-166.
6. Ashkenas J: Gene regulation by mRNA editing. Am J Hum Genet 1997;60:278-283.
7. Maas S, Melcher T, Seeburg PH: Mammalian RNA-dependent deaminases and edited mRNAs. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1997;9:343-349.
8. O'Connell M: RNA editing: Rewriting receptors. Curr Biol 1997;7:R437-R439.
9. Scott J: Message change for a fat controller. Cell 1997;387:242-243.
10. Scott J: A place in the world for RNA editing. Cell 1995;81:833-836.
11. Sharma PM, Bowman M, Madden SL, Rauscher FJ III, Sukumar S: RNA editing in the Wilm's tumor susceptibility gene, WT1. Genes Devel 1994;8:720-731.
12. Skuse GR, Cappione AJ, Sowden M, Metheny LJ, Smith HC: The neurofibromatosis type I messenger RNA undergoes base-modification RNA editing. Nucl Acids Res 1996;24:478-486.
13. Beier H, Lee MC, Sekiya T, Kuchino Y, Nichimura S: Two nucleotides next to the anticodon of cytoplasmic rat tRNA-Asp are likely generated by RNA editing. Nucl Acids Res 1992;20:2679-2683.
14. Bass BL: RNA editing and hypermutation by adenosine deamination. Trends Biochem Sci 1997;22:157-162.
15. Smith HC, Sowden MP: Base modification mRNA editing through deamination: The good, the bad and the unregulated. Trends Genet 1996;12:418-424.
16. Powell LM, Wallis SC, Pease RJ, Edwards YH, Knott TJ, Scott J: A novel form of tissue-specific RNA processing produces apolipoprotein-B48 in intestine. Cell 1987;50:831-840.
17. Chen S-H, Habib G, Yang C, Gu Z, Lee B: Apolipoprotein B-48 is the product of a messenger RNA with an organ-specific in-frame stop codon. Science 1987;238:363-366.
18. Innerarity TL, Boren J, Yamanaka S, Olofsson S-O: Biosynthesis of apolipoprotein B48-containing lipoproteins. J Biol Chem 1996;271:2353-2356.
19. Chan L, Chang BHJ, Nakamuta M, Li W-H, Smith LC: Apobec-1 and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997;1345:11-26.
20. Knott TJ, Pease RJ, Powell LM, Wallis SC, Rall SC Jr, Innerarity TL, Blackhart B, Taylor WH, Marcel Y, Milne R, Johnson D, Fuller M, Lusis AJ, McCarthy BJ, Mahley RW, Levy-Wilson B, Scott J: Complete protein sequence and identification of structural domains of human apolipoprotein B. Nature 1986;323:734-738.
21. Boren J, White A, Wettesten M, Scott J, Graham L, Olofsson S-O: The molecular mechanism for the assembly and secretion of apoB-100-containing lipoproteins. Prog Lipid Res 1991;30:205-218.
22. Navaratnam N, Patel D, Shah RR, Greeve JC, Powell LM, Knott TJ, Scott J: An additional editing site is present in apolipoprotein B mRNA. Nucl Acids Res 1991;19:1741-1744.
23. Bostrom K, Garcia Z, Poksay KS, Johnson DF, Lusis AJ, Innerarity TL: Apolipoprotein B messenger RNAediting: Direct determination of edited base and occurrence in non-apolipoprotein B producing cell lines. J Biol Chem 1990;265:22446-22452.
24. Hodges PE, Navaratnam N, Greeve JC, Scott J: Site-specific creation of uridine from cytidine in apolipoprotein B mRNA. Nucl Acids Res 1991;19:1197-1201.
25. Driscoll DM, Wynne JK, Wallis SC, Scott J: An in vitro system for the editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA. Cell 1989;58:519-525.
26. Shah RR, Knott TJ, le Gros JE, Navaratnam N, Greeve JC, Scott J: Sequence requirements for the editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA. J Biol Chem 1991;266:16301-16304.
27. Navaratnam N, Shah R, Patel D, Fay V, Scott J: Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing is associated with UV crosslinking of proteins to the editing site. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:222-226.
28. 27a Richardson N, Navaratnam N, Scott J: Secondary structure for the apolipiprotein B mRNA editing site. AU-binding proteins interact with a stem loop. J Biol Chem 1998;273:31707-31717.
29. Teng B, Burant CF, Davidson NO: Molecular cloning of an apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing protein. Science 1993;260:1816-1819.
30. Navaratnam N, Morrison JR, Bhattacharya S, Patel D, Funahashi T, Giannoni F, Teng B-B, Davidson NO, Scott J: The p27 catalytic subunit of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme is a cytodine deaminase. J Biol Chem 1993;268:20709-20712.
31. Davidson NO, Innerarity TL, Scott J, Smith H, Driscoll DM, Teng B, Chan L: Proposed nomenclature for the catalytic subunit of the mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme: APOBEC-1. RNA 1995;1:3.
32. Lau PP, Zhu H-J, Baldini A, Charnsangevi C, Chan L: Dimeric structure of a human apolipoprotein B mRNA editing protein and cloning and chromosomal localisation of its gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:8522-8526.
33. Espinosa R, Funahashi T, Hadjiagapiou C, Lebeau MM, Davidson NO: Assignment of the gene encoding the human apolipoprotein B messenger-RNA editing enzyme (APOBEC1) to chromosome 12p13.1. Genomics 1994;24:414-415.
34. Hadjiagapiou C, Giannoni F, Funahashi T, Skarosi SF, Davidson NO: Molecular cloning of a human intestinal apolipoprotein B mRNA editing protein. Nucl Acids Res 1994;22:1874-1879.
35. Kim U,Wang Y, Sanford T, Zeng Y, Nishikura K: Molecular cloning of cDNAs for double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase, a candidate enzyme for nuclear RNA editing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:11457-11461.
36. Driscoll DM, Zang Q: Expression and characterisation of p27, the catalytic subunit of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme. J Biol Chem 1994;269:19843-19847.
37. Navaratnam N, Bhattacharya S, Fujino T, Patel D, Jarmuz AL, Scott J: Evolutionary origins of apoB mRNA editing: Catalysis by a cytidine deaminase that has acquired a novel RNA-binding motif at its active site. Cell 1995;81:187-195.
38. Anant S, Macginnitie AJ, Davidson NO: APOBEC-1, the catalytic subunit of the mammalian apolipoprotein B messenger-RNA editing enzyme, is a novel RNA-binding protein. J Biol Chem 1995;270:14762-14767.
39. Betts L, Xiang S, Short SA, Wolfenden R, Carter CWJ: Cytidine deaminase: The 2.3 A crystal structure of an enzyme: Transition-state analog complex. J Mol Biol 1994;235:635-656.
40. Navaratnam N, Fujino T, Bayliss J, Jarmuz A, How A, Richardson N, Somasekaram A, Bhattacharya S, Carter C, Scott J: E. coli cytidine deaminase provides a molecular model for apoB RNA editing and a mechanism for RNA substrate recognition. J Mol Biol 1998;275:695-714.
41. Lau P, Xiong W, Zhu H-J, Chen S-H, Chan L: Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing is an intranuclear event that occurs posttranscriptionally coincident with splicing and polyadenylation. J Biol Chem 1991;266:20550-20554.
42. Yang Y, Yang Y, Smith HC: Multiple protein domains determine the cell type-specific nuclear distribution of the catalytic subunit required for apolipoprotein B mRNA editing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:13075-13080.
43. Lau PP, Chen SH, Wang JC, Chan L: A 40 kilodalton rat liver nuclear protein binds specifically to apolipoprotein B mRNA around the RNA editing site. Nucl Acid Res 1990;18:5817-5821.
44. Mehta A, Banerjee S, Driscoll DM: Apobec-1 interacts with a 65-kDa complementing protein to edit apolipoprotein-B mRNA in vitro. J Biol Chem 1996;271:28294-28299.
45. Schock D, Kuo S-R, Steinburg M, Bolognino M, Sparks J, Sparks C, Smith H: An auxiliary factor containing a 240-kD protein complex is involved in apolipoprotein B RNA editing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:1097-1102.
46. Yang Y, Yang Y, Kovalski K, Smith HC: Partial characterisation of the auxiliary factors involved in apolipoprotein B mRNA editing through APOBEC-1 affinity chromatography. J Biol Chem 1997;272:27700-27706.
47. Lau PP, Zhu H-J, Nakamuta M, Chan L: Cloning of an apobec-1-binding protein that also interacts with apolipoprotein B mRNA and evidence for its involvement in RNA editing. J Biol Chem 1997;272:1452-1455.
48. Greeve J, Altkemper I, Dieterich JH, Greten H, Windler E: Apolipoprotein-B messenger RNA editing in 12 different mammalian species: Hepatic expression is reflected in low concentrations of apoB-containing plasma lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 1993;34:1367-1383.
49. Nakamuta M, Oka K, Krushkal K, Kobayashi K, Yamamoto M, Li WH, Chan L: Alternative mRNA splicing and differential promoter utilisation determines tissue-specific expression of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing protein (apobec 1) gene in mice: Structure and evolution of apobec1 and related nucleoside/nucleotide deaminases. J Biol Chem 1995;270:13042-13056.
50. Qian X, Balestra ME, Innerarity TL: Two distinct TATA-less promoters direct tissue-specific expression of the rat Apo-B editing catalytic polypeptide 1 gene. J Biol Chem 1997;272:18060-18070.
51. Funahashi T, Giannoni F, Depaoli AM, Skarosi SF, Davidson NO: Tissue-specific, developmental and nutritional regulation of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the rat apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing enzyme: Functional role in the modulation of apo B messenger RNA editing. J Lipid Res 1995;36:414-428.
52. Fujino T, Navaratnam N, Scott J: Human apolipoprotein B mRNA editing deaminase gene (APOBEC1). Genomics 1998;47:266-275.
53. Teng B-B, Blumenthal S, Forte T, Navaratnam N, Gotto AMJ, Scott J, Chan L: Adenovirusmediated gene transfer of rat apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA editing enzyme in mice eliminates apoB100 and normal low density lipoprotein production. J Biol Chem 1994;269:29395-29401.
54. Hughes SD, Rouy D, Navaratnam N, Scott J, Rubin EM: Gene transfer of cytidine deaminase APOBEC-1 lowers lipoprotein (a) in transgenic mice and induces apolipoprotein B editing in rabbits. Hum Gene Ther 1996;7:39-49.
55. Sowden M, Hamm JK, Smith HC: Overexpression of apobec-1 results in mooring sequence-dependent promiscuous RNA editing. J Biol Chem 1996;271:3011-3017.
56. Yamanaka S, Balestra ME, Ferrell LD, Fan J, Arnold KS, Taylor S, Taylor JM, Innerarity TL: Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing protein induces hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplasia in transgenic animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:8483-8487.
57. Yamanaka S, Poksay KS, Arnold KS, Innerarity TL: A novel translational repressor mRNA is edited extensively in livers containing tumors caused by the transgene expression of the apoB mRNA-editing enzyme. Genes Dev 1997;11:321-333.
58. Cappione AJ, French BL, Skuse GR: A potential role for NF1 mRNA editing in the pathogenesis of NF1 tumors. Am J Hum Genet 1997;60:305-312.
59. Sharma P, Bowman M, Madden S, Rauscher FI, Sukumar S: RNA editing in Wilms' tumor susceptibility gene, WT1. Genes Dev 1994;8:720-731.
60. Morrison JR, Paszty C, Stevens ME, Hughes SD, Forte T, Scott J, Rubin EM: Apolipoprotein B RNA editing enzyme-deficient mice are viable despite alterations in lipoprotein metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:7154-7159.
61. Hirano K-I, Young SG, Farese RV Jr, Ng J, Sande E, Warburton C, Powell-Braxton LM, Davidson NO: Targeted disruption of the mouse apobec-1 gene abolishes apolipoprotein B mRNA editing and eliminates apolipoprotein B48. J Biol Chem 1996;271:9887-9890.
62. Oka K, Kobayashi K, Sullivan M, Martinez J, Teng B-B, Ishimura-Oka K, Chan L: Tissue-specific inhibition of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing in the liver by adenovirus-mediated transfer of a dominant negative mutant apobec-1 leads to increased low density lipoprotein in mice. J Biol Chem 1997;272:1456-1460.
63. Osuga J, Yagyu H, Ohashi K, Harada K, Yazaki Y, Yamada N, Ishibashi S: Effects of apo E deficiency on plasma lipid levels in mice lacking apobec-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997;236:375-378.
64. Nakamuta M, Chang BH-J, Zsigmond E, Kobayashi HL, Ishida BY, Oka Kazuhiro, Li E, Chan L: Complete phenotypic characterisation of apobec-1 knockout mice with a wild type genetic background and a human apolipoprotein B transgenic background, and restoration of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing by somatic gene transfer of apobec-1. J Biol Chem 1996;271:25981-25988.
65. Yaffe BM, Samuels HH: Hormonal regulation of the growth hormone gene: Relationship of the rate of transcription to the level of nuclear thyroid hormone-receptor complexes. J Biol Chem 1984;259:6284-6291.
66. Back DW, Wilson SB, Morris SM, Goodridge AG: Hormonal-regulation of lipogenic enzymes in chick-embryo hepatocytes in culture: Thyroid-hormone and glucagon regulate malic enzyme messenger-RNA level at post-transcriptional steps. J Biol Chem 1986;261:2555-2561.
67. Davidson NO, Carlos RC, Lukaszewicz AM: Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing ismodulatedby thyroid hormone analogs but not growth hormone administration in the rat. Mol Endocrinol 1988;4:779-785.
68. Lorentz A, Plonne D, Schulze H-P, Dargel R: Dexamethasone enhanced by insulin, but not by thyroid hormones stimulates apolipoprotein B mRNA editing in cultured rat hepatocytes depending on the developmental stage. FEBS Lett 1996;391:57-60.
69. Thorngate FE, Raghow R, Wilcox HG, Werner CS, Heimberg M, Elam MB: Insulin promotes the biosynthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein B-48 by altering apolipoprotein B mRNA editing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:5392-5396.
70. Seishima M, Nagao S, Yada Y, Kudo Y, Mori S, Nozawa Y: Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation and calcium mobilization in bradykinin-stimulated fibroblasts from progressive systemic sclerotic patients. Clin Res 1989;37:621.
71. Funahashi T, Giannoni F, DePaoli AM, Skarosi SF, Davidson NO: Tissue-specific, developmental and nutritional regulation of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the rat apolipoprotein-B messenger-RNA editing enzyme: Functional role. J Lipid Res 1995;36:414-428.
72. Seeburg PH: The role of RNA editing in controlling glutamate receptor channel properties. J Neurochem 1996;66:1-5.
73. Bass BL, Weintraub H: A developmentally regulated activity that unwinds RNA duplexes. Cell 1987;48:607-613.
74. Rebagliati MR, Melton DA: Antisense RNA injections in fertilised frog eggs revealed an RNA duplex unwinding activity. Cell 1987;48:599-605.
75. Sommer B, Kohler M, Sprengel R, Seeburg PH: RNA editing in brain controls a determinant of ion flow in glutamate-gated channels. Cell 1991;67:11-19.
76. Lomeli H, Mosbacher J, Melcher T, Hoger T, Geiger JRP: Control of kinetic properties of AMPA receptor channels by nuclear RNA editing. Science 1994;266:1709-1713.
77. 2+ permeability in both TM1 and TM2 of high affinity kainate receptor channels: Diversity by RNA editing. Neuron 1993;10:491-500.
78. Brusa R, Zimmerman F, Koh D-S, Feldmeyer D, Gass P, Seeberg PH: Early-onset epilepsy and postnatal lethality associated with an editing-deficient GluR-B allele in mice. Science 1995;270:1677-1680.
79. O'Connell MA, Krause S, Higuchi M, Hsuan JJ, Totty NF, Jenny A, Keller W: Cloning of cDNAs encoding mammalian double-stranded RNA specific adenosine deaminase. Mol Cell Biol 1995;15:1389-1397.
80. Melcher T, Mass S, Herb A, Sprengel R, Seeburg PH: A mammalian RNA editing enzyme. Nature 1996;379:460-464.
81. Wang CN, Hobman TC, Brindley DN: Degradation of apolipoprotein B in cultured rat hepatocytes occurs in a post endoplasmic compartment. J Biol Chem 1995;270:24924-24931.
82. Herb A, Higuchi M, Sprengel R, Seeburg PH: Q/R site editing in kainate receptor GluR5 and GluR6 pre-mRNAs requires distant intronic sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:1875-1880.
83. Maas S, Melcher T, Herb A, Seeburg PH, Keller W, Krause S, Higuchi M, O'Connell MA: Structural requirements for RNA editing in glutamate-receptor pre-messenger-RNAs by recombinant doublestranded RNA adenosine-deaminase. J Biol Chem 1996;271:12221-12226.
84. Melcher T, Mass S, Herb A, Sprengel R, Higuchi M, Seeburg PH: RED2, a brain-specific member of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase family. J Biol Chem 1996;271:31795-31798.
85. Hough RF, Bass BL: Analysis of Xenopus dsRNA adenosine deaminase cDNAs reveals similarities to DNA methyltransferases. RNA 1997;3:356-370.
86. Bass BL, Nichikura K, Keller W, Seeburg PH, Emeson RB, O'Connell MA, Samuel CE, Herbert A: A standardised nomenclature for adenosine deaminases that act on RNA. RNA 1997;3:947-949.
87. Casey JL, Bergman KF, Brown TL, Gerin JL: Structural requirements for RNA editing in hepatitis d virus: Evidence for a uridine to cytidine editing mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:7149-7153.
88. Ma J, Qian R, Rausa FM III, Colley KJ: Two naturally occurring a2,6-sialyltransferase forms with a single amino acid change in the catalytic domain differ in their catalytic activity and proteolytic processing. J Biol Chem 1997;272:672-679.
89. Burns CM, Chu H, Rueter SM, Hutchinson LK, Canton H, Sanders-Bush E, Emeson RB: Regulation of serotonin-2C receptor G-protein coupling by RNA editing. Nature 1997;387:303-308.
90. Petschek AU, Petschek JP, Mermer MJ, Scheckelhoff MR, Simone AA, Vaughn JC: RNA editing in Drosophila 4F-rnp gene nuclear transcripts by multiple A-to-G conversions. J Mol Biol 1996;259:885-890.
91. Patterson JB, Thomis DC, Hans SL, Samuel CE: Mechanism of interferon action: Double stranded RNA specific adenosine deaminase from human cells is induceable by alpha interferon and gamma interferon. Virology 1995;210:508-511.
92. Paul MS, Bass BL: Inosine exists in mRNA at tissue-specific levels and is most abundant in brain mRNA. EMBO J 1998;17:1120-1127.
93. Scadden ADJ, Smith CWJ: A ribonuclease specific for inosine-containing RNA: A potential role in antiviral defence? EMBO J 1997;16:2140-2149.
94. Yoshikawa T, Sanders AR, Esterling LE, Detera-Wadleigh SD: Multiple transcriptional variants and RNA editing in C18orfl, a novel gene with LDLRA and transmembrane domains on 18p11.2. Genomics 1998;47:246-257.
95. Novo F, Kruszweski A, MacDermot K, Goldspink G, Gorecki D: Editing of human a-galactosidase RNA resulting in pyrimidine to purine conversion. Nucl Acids Res 1995;23:2636-2640.
96. van Leeuwen FW, de Kleijn DPV, van den Hurk HH, Neubauer A, Sonnemans MAF, Sluijs JA, Koycu S, Ramdjielal RDJ, Salehi A, Martens GJM, Grosveld FG, Burbach JPH, Hol EM: Frameshift mutants of b amyloid precursor protein and ubiquitin-B in Alzheimer's and Down patients. Science 1998;279:242-247.
97. Zuker M: Computer predicted RNA structure. Methods Enzymol 1989;181:262-288.