Context dependency in stroop's paradigm: When are words treated as nonlinguistic objects?

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 374-380

  Besner, Derek ^a   Stolz, Jennifer ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HUMAN; LINGUISTICS; RANDOMIZATION; REACTION TIME; RECEPTIVE FIELD;

FIELD DEPENDENCE-INDEPENDENCE; HUMANS; LINGUISTICS; RANDOM ALLOCATION; REACTION TIME;

EID: 0033253037     PISSN: 11961961     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/h0087324     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Ashcraft, M. H. (1994). Human Memory and Cognition. Harper Collins.
2. Bauer, B., & Besner, D. (1997). Mental set as a determinant of processing in the Stroop task. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51, 61-68.
3. Besner, D., & Stolz, J. A. (1999a). Unconsciously controlled processing: The Stroop effect reconsidered. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 6, 449-455.
4. Besner, D., & Stolz, J. A. (1999b). What kind of attention modulates the Stroop effect? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6, 99-104.
5. Besner, D., Stolz, J. A., & Boutilier, C. (1997). The Stroop effect and the myth of automaticity. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4, 221-225.
6. Boutilier, C., & Besner, D. (1997). Unpublished experiments.
7. Challis, B. H., & Brodbeck, D. R. (1992). Levels of processing affects priming in word fragment completion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 18, 595-607.
8. Chiappe, P., Smith, M. C., & Besner, D. (1996) Semantic priming in visual word recognition: Activation blocking and domains of processing. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 3, 249-253.
9. Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684.
10. Friedrich, F. J., Strayer, D. L., & Christensen, S. M. (1997). ERP evidence of prime task effects on semantic priming. Paper presented at the 38th meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
11. Henik, A., Friedrich, F., Tzelgov, J., & Tramer, S. (1994). Capacity demands of automatic processes in semantic priming. Memory & Cognition, 22, 157-168.
12. Kahan, T., Neill, W. T., Mathis, K. M., & Verwys, C. (1996). Is elimination of Stroop interference evidence against automaticity? Poster presented at the 37th meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, U.S.A.
13. MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 2, 163-203.
14. Marcel, A. J. (1983). Conscious and unconscious perception: Experiments on visual masking and word recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 197-237.
15. McNevin, C., & Besner, D. (1999). Prime task effects: When are morphemic and semantic priming effects observed in visual word recognition? Unpublished manuscript.
16. McRae, K., & Boisvert, S. (1998). Automatic semantic similarity priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 558-572.
17. Neely, J. H. (1977). Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Role of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited capacity attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 7, 480-494.
18. Neely, J. H. (1991). Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories. In D. Besner & G.W. Humphreys (Eds.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
19. Neely, J. H., & Kahan, T. (1999). Is semantic activation automatic? A critical re-evaluation. In H.L. Roediger, J.S. Nairne, I. Neath, & A.M. Surprenant (Eds.), The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, in press.
20. Paap, K. R., & Herdman, C. (1998). Highly skilled participants and failures to redirect attention: Two plausible reasons for failing to replicate Paap and Noel's effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 24, 845-861.
21. Paap, K. R., & Noel, R. W. (1991). Dual route models of print to sound: Still a good horse race. Psychological Research, 53, 13-24.
22. Posner, M. I., & Snyder, C. R. R. (1975). Attention and cognitive control. In R.L. Solso (Ed.), The Loyola Symposium. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
23. Reisberg, D. (1997). Cognition: Exploring the science of the mind. W.W. Norton & Company. New York, London.
24. Schneider, W. (1988). Micro Experimental Laboratory: An integrated system for IBM-PC compatibles. Behavior Research Methods, Instrumentation, and Computers, 20, 206-217.
25. Smith, M. C., Theodor, L., & Franklin, P. E. (1983). On the relationship between contextual facilitation and depth of processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 9, 697-712.
26. Smith, M. C., Besner, D., & Miyoshi, H. (1994). New limits to automaticity: Context modulates semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning and Cognition, 20, 104-115.
27. Stolz, J. A., & Besner, D. (1996). The role of set in visual word recognition: Activation and activation blocking as non-automatic processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 1166-1177.
28. Stolz, J. A., & Besner, D. (1997). Visual word recognition: Effort after meaning, but not (necessarily) meaning after effort. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 1314-1322.
29. Stolz, J. A., & Besner, D. (1998). Levels of representation in visual word recognition: A dissociation between morphemic and semantic processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 1642-1655.
30. Stolz, J. A., & Besner, D. (1999). The myth of automatic semantic activation in reading. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 61-64.
31. Stone, G. O., & Van Orden, G. C. (1993). Strategic control of processing in word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 19, 744-774.
32. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-661.
33. Van Selst, M., & Jolicoeur, P. (1994). A solution to the effect of sample size on outlier elimination. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47A, 631-650.