메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 46, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 202-219

On the phase problem in electron microscopy: The relationship between structure factors, exit waves, and HREM images

Author keywords

Crystal structure factor; Crystallographic image processing; Electron wave function; Exit wave; High resolution electron microscopy; Image simulation; Structure determination

Indexed keywords

ELECTRON MICROSCOPES; ELECTRONS; HIGH RESOLUTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; NUMERICAL METHODS; WAVE FUNCTIONS;

EID: 0033179422     PISSN: 1059910X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19990801)46:3<202::AID-JEMT4>3.0.CO;2-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0001641367 scopus 로고
    • Phase retrieval through focus variation for ultra-resolution in field-emission transmission electron microscopy
    • Coene W, Janssen G, Op de Beeck M, Van Dyck D. 1992. Phase retrieval through focus variation for ultra-resolution in field-emission transmission electron microscopy. Phy Rev Lett 69:3743-3746.
    • (1992) Phy Rev Lett , vol.69 , pp. 3743-3746
    • Coene, W.1    Janssen, G.2    Op De Beeck, M.3    Van Dyck, D.4
  • 3
    • 85161783446 scopus 로고
    • Electron diffraction and electron microscopy
    • Shmueli U, editor, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Cowley JM. 1993. Electron diffraction and electron microscopy. In: Shmueli U, editor, International tables for crystallography, Vol. B. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p 281-290.
    • (1993) International Tables for Crystallography , vol.B , pp. 281-290
    • Cowley, J.M.1
  • 4
    • 0001747776 scopus 로고
    • The scattering of electrons by atoms and crystals. I. A new theoretical approach
    • Cowley JM, Moodie AF. 1957. The scattering of electrons by atoms and crystals. I. A new theoretical approach. Acta Cryst 10:609-619.
    • (1957) Acta Cryst , vol.10 , pp. 609-619
    • Cowley, J.M.1    Moodie, A.F.2
  • 5
    • 0000668797 scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of three dimensional structures from electron micrographs
    • DeRosier DJ, Klug A. 1968. Reconstruction of three dimensional structures from electron micrographs. Nature 217:130-134.
    • (1968) Nature , vol.217 , pp. 130-134
    • DeRosier, D.J.1    Klug, A.2
  • 7
    • 0344183137 scopus 로고
    • Direct phasing methods in electron crystallography
    • Dorset DL. 1993. Direct phasing methods in electron crystallography. MSA Bull 23:99-108.
    • (1993) MSA Bull , vol.23 , pp. 99-108
    • Dorset, D.L.1
  • 9
    • 0016962233 scopus 로고
    • Direct phase determination of quasi-kinematical electron diffraction intensity data from organic microcrystals
    • Dorset DL, Hauptman HA. 1976. Direct phase determination of quasi-kinematical electron diffraction intensity data from organic microcrystals. Ultramicroscopy 1:195-201.
    • (1976) Ultramicroscopy , vol.1 , pp. 195-201
    • Dorset, D.L.1    Hauptman, H.A.2
  • 10
    • 0026245008 scopus 로고
    • Electron crystallography at atomic resolution: Ab initio structure analysis of copper perchlorophthalocyanine
    • Dorset, DL, Tivol WF, Turner JN. 1991. Electron crystallography at atomic resolution: ab initio structure analysis of copper perchlorophthalocyanine. Ultramicroscopy 38:41-45.
    • (1991) Ultramicroscopy , vol.38 , pp. 41-45
    • Dorset, D.L.1    Tivol, W.F.2    Turner, J.N.3
  • 11
    • 0345229496 scopus 로고
    • Dynamical scattering and electron crystallography: Ab initio structure analysis of copper perbromophthalocyanine
    • Dorset DL, Tivol WF, Turner JN. 1992. Dynamical scattering and electron crystallography: ab initio structure analysis of copper perbromophthalocyanine. Acta Cryst A48:562-568.
    • (1992) Acta Cryst , vol.A48 , pp. 562-568
    • Dorset, D.L.1    Tivol, W.F.2    Turner, J.N.3
  • 12
    • 84980074290 scopus 로고
    • Relativistic Hartree-Fock X-ray and electron scattering factors
    • Doyle, PA, Turner PS. 1968. Relativistic Hartree-Fock X-ray and electron scattering factors. Acta Cryst A24:390-397.
    • (1968) Acta Cryst , vol.A24 , pp. 390-397
    • Doyle, P.A.1    Turner, P.S.2
  • 13
    • 0000186608 scopus 로고
    • Measurement and compensation of defocusing and aberrations by Fourier processing of electron micrographs
    • Erickson HP, Klug A. 1971. Measurement and compensation of defocusing and aberrations by Fourier processing of electron micrographs. Phil Trans R Soc. Lond B261:105-118.
    • (1971) Phil Trans R Soc. Lond , vol.B261 , pp. 105-118
    • Erickson, H.P.1    Klug, A.2
  • 14
    • 0000758510 scopus 로고
    • Image processing in high resolution electron microscopy by using the direct method. I. Phase extension
    • Fan HF, Zhong ZY, Zheng CD, Li FH. 1985. Image processing in high resolution electron microscopy by using the direct method. I. Phase extension. Acta Cryst A41:163-165.
    • (1985) Acta Cryst , vol.A41 , pp. 163-165
    • Fan, H.F.1    Zhong, Z.Y.2    Zheng, C.D.3    Li, F.H.4
  • 15
    • 0003745571 scopus 로고
    • Solution of the phase problem. I. The centrosymmetric crystal
    • Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers, Inc.
    • Hauptman H, Karle J. 1953. Solution of the phase problem. I. The centrosymmetric crystal. ACA monograph No. 3. Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers, Inc.
    • (1953) ACA Monograph No. 3 , vol.3
    • Hauptman, H.1    Karle, J.2
  • 16
    • 0025292355 scopus 로고
    • Model for the structure of bacteriorhodopsin based on high-resolution electron cryomicroscopy
    • Henderson R, Baldwin JM, Ceska TA, Zemlin F, Beckmann E, Downing KH. 1990. Model for the structure of bacteriorhodopsin based on high-resolution electron cryomicroscopy. J Mol Biol 213:899-929.
    • (1990) J Mol Biol , vol.213 , pp. 899-929
    • Henderson, R.1    Baldwin, J.M.2    Ceska, T.A.3    Zemlin, F.4    Beckmann, E.5    Downing, K.H.6
  • 17
    • 0001424424 scopus 로고
    • Image processing and image simulation
    • Hovmöller S. 1991. Image processing and image simulation. Ultramicroscopy 36:275-276.
    • (1991) Ultramicroscopy , vol.36 , pp. 275-276
    • Hovmöller, S.1
  • 18
    • 0027112252 scopus 로고
    • CRISP: Crystallographic image processing on a personal computer
    • Hovmöller S. 1992. CRISP: crystallographic image processing on a personal computer. Ultramicroscopy 41:121-135.
    • (1992) Ultramicroscopy , vol.41 , pp. 121-135
    • Hovmöller, S.1
  • 19
    • 0345115377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of symmetry in real and reciprocal space
    • Dorset DL, Hovmöller S, Zou XD, editors. Electron crystallography. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Hovmöller S. 1997. The effects of symmetry in real and reciprocal space. In: Dorset DL, Hovmöller S, Zou XD, editors. Electron crystallography. Nato ASI Series C. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p 139-150.
    • (1997) Nato ASI Series C , pp. 139-150
    • Hovmöller, S.1
  • 20
    • 85161750321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method to quantify crystal thickness from HRTEM images and a way to correct for their effects
    • Hovmöller, S, Zou, XD. 1999. A method to quantify crystal thickness from HRTEM images and a way to correct for their effects. Microsc Res Techn 46:xxx-xxx.
    • (1999) Microsc Res Techn , vol.46
    • Hovmöller, S.1    Zou, X.D.2
  • 22
    • 0026717714 scopus 로고
    • 5 by combining high-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction
    • 5 by combining high-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Ultramicroscopy 41:387-397.
    • (1992) Ultramicroscopy , vol.41 , pp. 387-397
    • Hu, J.J.1    Li, F.H.2    Fan, H.F.3
  • 23
    • 0003961179 scopus 로고
    • Electron diffraction theory
    • Cowley JM, editor. Oxford: Oxford Science Publications
    • Humphreys, CJ, Bithell EG. 1992. Electron diffraction theory. In: Cowley JM, editor. Electron diffraction techniques, Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford Science Publications. p 75-151.
    • (1992) Electron Diffraction Techniques , vol.1 , pp. 75-151
    • Humphreys, C.J.1    Bithell, E.G.2
  • 25
    • 0016939841 scopus 로고
    • A method for determining the coefficient of spherical aberration from a single electron micrograph
    • Krivanek OL. 1976. A method for determining the coefficient of spherical aberration from a single electron micrograph. Optik 45:96-101.
    • (1976) Optik , vol.45 , pp. 96-101
    • Krivanek, O.L.1
  • 26
    • 0028147508 scopus 로고
    • Atomic model of plant light-harvesting complex by electron crystallography
    • Kühlbrandt W, Wang DN, Fujiyoshi Y. 1994. Atomic model of plant light-harvesting complex by electron crystallography. Nature 367: 614-621.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 614-621
    • Kühlbrandt, W.1    Wang, D.N.2    Fujiyoshi, Y.3
  • 27
    • 2642638833 scopus 로고
    • Electron holography: State of the art in Tübingen
    • Lichte H. 1992a. Electron holography: state of the art in Tübingen. Electr Microsc Proc EUREM 92 1:637-641.
    • (1992) Electr Microsc Proc EUREM 92 , vol.1 , pp. 637-641
    • Lichte, H.1
  • 28
    • 0027109838 scopus 로고
    • Electron holography I. Can electron holography reach 0.1 nm resolution?
    • Lichte H. 1992b. Electron holography I. Can electron holography reach 0.1 nm resolution? Ultramicroscopy 47:223-230.
    • (1992) Ultramicroscopy , vol.47 , pp. 223-230
    • Lichte, H.1
  • 29
    • 0027109810 scopus 로고
    • "Resolution" in high-resolution electron microscopy
    • O'Keefe MA. 1992. "Resolution" in high-resolution electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 47:282-297.
    • (1992) Ultramicroscopy , vol.47 , pp. 282-297
    • O'Keefe, M.A.1
  • 30
    • 0030221730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wave function reconstruction in HRTEM: The parabola method
    • Op de Beeck M, Van Dyck D, Coene W. 1996. Wave function reconstruction in HRTEM: the parabola method. Ultramicroscopy 64:167-183.
    • (1996) Ultramicroscopy , vol.64 , pp. 167-183
    • Op De Beeck, M.1    Van Dyck, D.2    Coene, W.3
  • 32
    • 0001598843 scopus 로고
    • A direct method for the determination of the components of interatomic distances in crystals
    • Patterson AL. 1935. A direct method for the determination of the components of interatomic distances in crystals. Z Kristallogr 90:517-542.
    • (1935) Z Kristallogr , vol.90 , pp. 517-542
    • Patterson, A.L.1
  • 33
    • 84977289692 scopus 로고
    • On the validity of the direct phasing and Fourier method in electron crystallography
    • Peng L-M, Wang SQ. 1994. On the validity of the direct phasing and Fourier method in electron crystallography. Acta Cryst A50:759-771.
    • (1994) Acta Cryst , vol.A50 , pp. 759-771
    • Peng, L.-M.1    Wang, S.Q.2
  • 34
    • 0028485142 scopus 로고
    • What is the focus variation method? Is it new? Is it direct?
    • Saxton WO. 1994. What is the focus variation method? Is it new? Is it direct? Ultramicroscopy 55:171-181.
    • (1994) Ultramicroscopy , vol.55 , pp. 171-181
    • Saxton, W.O.1
  • 36
  • 37
    • 0000433074 scopus 로고
    • The squaring method: A new method for phase determination
    • Sayre D. 1952. The squaring method: a new method for phase determination. Acta Cryst 5:60-65.
    • (1952) Acta Cryst , vol.5 , pp. 60-65
    • Sayre, D.1
  • 38
    • 0000446785 scopus 로고
    • Zur frage der bilderkonstruktion durch fokusreihen
    • Schiske P. 1968. Zur frage der bilderkonstruktion durch fokusreihen. In: Proc. 4th Eur. Conf Electr Microsc Rome. p 145-146.
    • (1968) Proc. 4th Eur. Conf Electr Microsc Rome , pp. 145-146
    • Schiske, P.1
  • 41
    • 0001052423 scopus 로고
    • Convergent-beam electron diffraction
    • Tanaka M. 1994. Convergent-beam electron diffraction. Acta Cryst A50:261-286.
    • (1994) Acta Cryst , vol.A50 , pp. 261-286
    • Tanaka, M.1
  • 42
    • 0016688080 scopus 로고
    • Molecular structure determination by electron microscopy of unstained crystalline specimens
    • Unwin PNT, Henderson R. 1975. Molecular structure determination by electron microscopy of unstained crystalline specimens. J Mol Biol 94:425-440.
    • (1975) J Mol Biol , vol.94 , pp. 425-440
    • Unwin, P.N.T.1    Henderson, R.2
  • 43
    • 0003961179 scopus 로고
    • Electron diffraction structure analysis
    • Cowley JM, editor. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Vainshtein BK, Zvyagin BB, Avilov AS. 1992. Electron diffraction structure analysis. In: Cowley JM, editor. Electron diffraction techniques. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. 1:216-312.
    • (1992) Electron Diffraction Techniques , vol.1 , pp. 216-312
    • Vainshtein, B.K.1    Zvyagin, B.B.2    Avilov, A.S.3
  • 44
    • 0345091257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 Å exit wave reconstruction: Results of a BRITE-EURAM project, still in progress, entitled "a new technology for direct structure determination based on holography and focus variation with a computerized field emission transmission electron microscope."
    • Van der Mast KD, editor. 1996. 1 Å exit wave reconstruction: results of a BRITE-EURAM project, still in progress, entitled "a new technology for direct structure determination based on holography and focus variation with a computerized field emission transmission electron microscope." Ultramicroscopy 64:entire volume.
    • (1996) Ultramicroscopy , vol.64
    • Van Der Mast, K.D.1
  • 46
    • 0030221724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple intuitive theory for electron diffraction
    • Van Dyck D, Op de Beeck M. 1996. A simple intuitive theory for electron diffraction. Ultramicroscopy 64:99-107.
    • (1996) Ultramicroscopy , vol.64 , pp. 99-107
    • Van Dyck, D.1    Op De Beeck, M.2
  • 47
    • 0030221729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sub-angstrom structure characterisation: The BRITE-EURAM route towards one Ångström
    • Van Dyck D, Lichte H, Van der Mast KD. 1996. Sub-Angstrom structure characterisation: the BRITE-EURAM route towards one Ångström. Ultramicroscopy 64:1-15.
    • (1996) Ultramicroscopy , vol.64 , pp. 1-15
    • Van Dyck, D.1    Lichte, H.2    Van Der Mast, K.D.3
  • 48
    • 0028624644 scopus 로고
    • The use of maximum entropy and likelihood ranking to determine the crystal structure of 4-(4′-(N,N-dimethyl) aminobenzylidene) pyrazolidine-3,5-dione at 1.4 Å resolution from electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy image data
    • Voigt-Martin IG, Van DH, Gilmore CJ, Shankland K, Bricogne G. 1994. The use of maximum entropy and likelihood ranking to determine the crystal structure of 4-(4′-(N,N-dimethyl) aminobenzylidene) pyrazolidine-3,5-dione at 1.4 Å resolution from electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy image data. Ultramicroscopy 56:271-288.
    • (1994) Ultramicroscopy , vol.56 , pp. 271-288
    • Voigt-Martin, I.G.1    Van, D.H.2    Gilmore, C.J.3    Shankland, K.4    Bricogne, G.5
  • 49
    • 0023846548 scopus 로고
    • Structure determination and correction for distortions in HREM by crystallographic image processing
    • Wang DN, Hovmöller S, Kihlborg L, Sundberg M. 1988. Structure determination and correction for distortions in HREM by crystallographic image processing. Ultramicroscopy 25:303-316.
    • (1988) Ultramicroscopy , vol.25 , pp. 303-316
    • Wang, D.N.1    Hovmöller, S.2    Kihlborg, L.3    Sundberg, M.4
  • 51
    • 0030199824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A crystal structure determined to 0.02 A accuracy by electron crystallography
    • Weirich TE, Ramlau R, Simon A, Hovmöller S, Zou XD. 1996. A crystal structure determined to 0.02 A accuracy by electron crystallography. Nature 382:144-146.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 144-146
    • Weirich, T.E.1    Ramlau, R.2    Simon, A.3    Hovmöller, S.4    Zou, X.D.5
  • 52
    • 0000648680 scopus 로고
    • 3d structure determination from electron-microscope images: Electron crystallography of staurolite
    • Wenk H-R, Downing KH, Hu M, O'Keefe MA. 1992. 3D structure determination from electron-microscope images: electron crystallography of staurolite. Acta Cryst A48:700-716.
    • (1992) Acta Cryst , vol.A48 , pp. 700-716
    • Wenk, H.-R.1    Downing, K.H.2    Hu, M.3    O'Keefe, M.A.4
  • 53
    • 0030221894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of through focus exit wave reconstruction in the structure determination of several intermetallic superconductors
    • Zandbergen HW, Tang D, Jansen J, Cava RJ. 1996. The use of through focus exit wave reconstruction in the structure determination of several intermetallic superconductors. Ultramicroscopy 64:231-247.
    • (1996) Ultramicroscopy , vol.64 , pp. 231-247
    • Zandbergen, H.W.1    Tang, D.2    Jansen, J.3    Cava, R.J.4
  • 55
    • 0345522722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure determination by crystallographic image processing: II. Compensate for defocus, astigmatism and crystal tilt
    • Dorset DL, Hovmöller S, Zou XD, editors. Electron Crystallography. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Zou XD. 1997. Crystal structure determination by crystallographic image processing: II. Compensate for defocus, astigmatism and crystal tilt. In: Dorset DL, Hovmöller S, Zou XD, editors. Electron crystallography. Nato ASI Series C. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p 173-181.
    • (1997) Nato ASI Series C , pp. 173-181
    • Zou, X.D.1
  • 56
    • 0029905401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure projection retrieval by image processing of HREM images taken under non-optimum defocus conditions
    • Zou XD, Sundberg M, Larine M, Hovmöller S. 1996. Structure projection retrieval by image processing of HREM images taken under non-optimum defocus conditions. Ultramicroscopy 62:103-121.
    • (1996) Ultramicroscopy , vol.62 , pp. 103-121
    • Zou, X.D.1    Sundberg, M.2    Larine, M.3    Hovmöller, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.