A theoretical model of the evolution of virulence in sexually transmitted HIV/AIDS

Revista de Saude Publica

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 329-333

  Coutinho, F A B ^a   Massad, E ^a   Menezes, R X ^a   Burattini, M N ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b NONE   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Acquired Inmunodeficiency Syndrome; Models; Statistical; Virulence

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PATHOGENICITY; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; VIRULENCE;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HIV; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, VIRAL; VIRULENCE;

EID: 0033170097     PISSN: 00348910     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0034-89101999000400002     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Berkley SF, Widy-Wirski R, Okware SI, Downing R, Linnand MJ, White KE, Sempala S. Risk factors associated with HIV infection in Uganda. J Infect Dis 1989; 160:22-30.
2. Bremermann HJ, Thieme HR. A competitive exclusion principle for pathogen virulence. J Math Biol 1989; 27:179-90.
3. Burcham JL, Tindall B, Marmor M, Cooper DA, Berry G, Penny R. Incidence and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion in a cohort of Sidney homosexual men. Med J Aust 1989; 150:634-9.
4. Cameron DW, Simonsen JN, D'Costa LJ, Ronald AR, Maitha GM. Gakinya MN et al. Female to male transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 : risk factors for seroconversion in men. Lancet 1989; 2(8660):403-7.
5. Ewald PW. Evolution of infectious disease. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1994.
6. Fenner F, Marshall ID. A comparison of the virulence for European rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus of strains of myxoma virus recovered in the fields of Australia, Europe and America. J Hyg 1957; 55:149-91.
7. Fenner F, Ratcliff EN. Myxomatosis. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; 1965.
8. Latif AS, Katzenstein DA, Bassett MT, Houston S, Emmanuel JC, Marowa E. Genital ulcers and transmission of HIV among couples in Zimbabwe. AIDS 1989; 3:519-23.
9. Levin BR. The evolution and maintanance of virulence in micro parasites. Emerg Infect Dis 1996; 2:93-102.
10. Lipsitch M, Nowak MA. The evolution of virulence in sexually transmitted HW/MDS. J Theor Biol 1995; 174:427-40.
11. Massad E. Transmission rates and the evolution of pathogenicity. Evolution 1987; 41:1127-30.
12. Massad E, Burattini MN, Menezes RX, Coutinho FAB. Modelling the role of sexual activity on the evolution of HIV virulence. Math Model Sci Comput 1995; 26:810-5.
13. Mastro TD, Satten GA, Nopkerso T, Sanguekharomyo S, Longini Jr IM. Probability of female to male transmission of HIV-1 in Thayland. Lancet 1994; 343:204.
14. May RM, Anderson RM. Parasite hosts coevolution. In: Futuyama DJ, Slatikin, M, editors. Coevolution. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 1983. p. 186-206.
15. Mellors JW, Rinaldo Jr CR, Gupta P, White RM, Todd JA, Kingsley LA. Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma. Science 1996; 272:1167-70.
16. Pape JW, Stanback ME, Pamphile M, Bonsy M, Deschamps MM, Verdier RI et al. Prevalence of HIV infection and high risk activities in Haiti. JAIDS 1990; 3:995-1001.
17. Plummer FA, Simonsen JN, Cameron DW et al. Cofactors in male-female sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infec Dis 1991; 163:233.
18. Simmonds P. Variation in HIV virus load of individuals at different stages in infection: possible relationship with risk of transmission. AIDS 1990;4(Suppl. 1):S77-S83.
19. Weiser B, Nachman S, Tropper P, Viscosi KH, Grimson, R, Baxter G et al. Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during pregnancy: relationship of viral titer and mother to child transmission and stability of viral load. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91:8037-41.