메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 40-49

Assessing the risks and benefits of herbal medicine: An overview of scientific evidence

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLANT EXTRACT; VALERIAN;

EID: 0033158317     PISSN: 10786791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (145)

References (118)
  • 2
    • 0004167371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montvale. NJ: Medical Economics Company
    • PDR for Herbal Medicines. Montvale. NJ: Medical Economics Company; 1998.
    • (1998) PDR for Herbal Medicines
  • 3
    • 0031279622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative methods in research on complementary and alternative medicine: A methodological manifesto
    • Levin JS, Glass TA, Kushi LK, Schuck JR, Steele LS, Jonas WB. Quantitative methods in research on complementary and alternative medicine: a methodological manifesto. Med Care. 1997;35:1079-1094.
    • (1997) Med Care , vol.35 , pp. 1079-1094
    • Levin, J.S.1    Glass, T.A.2    Kushi, L.K.3    Schuck, J.R.4    Steele, L.S.5    Jonas, W.B.6
  • 8
    • 0025852985 scopus 로고
    • Legal requirements for the use of phytopharmaceutical drugs in the Federal Republic of Germany
    • Keller K. Legal requirements for the use of phytopharmaceutical drugs in the Federal Republic of Germany. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991;32:225-229.
    • (1991) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 225-229
    • Keller, K.1
  • 9
    • 0032550626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why patients use alternative medicine: Results of a national study
    • Astin JA. Why patients use alternative medicine: results of a national study. JAMA. 1998;279:1548-1553.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1548-1553
    • Astin, J.A.1
  • 10
    • 0002067471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The US botanical market: An overview
    • Brevoort P. The US botanical market: an overview. HerbalGram. 1996;36:49-57.
    • (1996) HerbalGram , vol.36 , pp. 49-57
    • Brevoort, P.1
  • 12
    • 0032508952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997
    • Eisenberg DM, Dans RB, Ettner SL, et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997. JAMA. 1998;280:1569-1575.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 1569-1575
    • Eisenberg, D.M.1    Dans, R.B.2    Ettner, S.L.3
  • 13
    • 0002490743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The booming US botanical market: A new overview
    • Brevoort P. The booming US botanical market: a new overview. HerbalGram. 1998;44:33-46.
    • (1998) HerbalGram , vol.44 , pp. 33-46
    • Brevoort, P.1
  • 14
    • 0008372032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-third of nation's adults use herbal remedies: Market estimated at $3.24 billion
    • Johnston B. One-third of nation's adults use herbal remedies: market estimated at $3.24 billion. HerbalGram. 1997;40:52.
    • (1997) HerbalGram , vol.40 , pp. 52
    • Johnston, B.1
  • 15
    • 0028947850 scopus 로고
    • Growing use of medicinal botanicals forces assessment by drug regulators
    • Marwick C. Growing use of medicinal botanicals forces assessment by drug regulators. JAMA. 1995;273:607-609.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 607-609
    • Marwick, C.1
  • 20
    • 0006837846 scopus 로고
    • Promising phytomedicinals
    • Duke JA. Promising phytomedicinals. J Naturopathic Med. 1991;2:48-52.
    • (1991) J Naturopathic Med , vol.2 , pp. 48-52
    • Duke, J.A.1
  • 21
    • 0002052348 scopus 로고
    • The role of ethnopharmacology in drug development
    • Chadwick D, Marsh J, eds. New York, NY: Wiley
    • Farnsworth NR. The role of ethnopharmacology in drug development. In: Chadwick D, Marsh J, eds. Bioactive Compounds From Plants (Ciba Symposium 154). New York, NY: Wiley; 1990.
    • (1990) Bioactive Compounds from Plants (Ciba Symposium 154)
    • Farnsworth, N.R.1
  • 22
    • 0002853803 scopus 로고
    • Global importance of medicinal plants
    • Akerele O, ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
    • Farnsworth N, Socjarto D. Global importance of medicinal plants. In: Akerele O, ed. Conservation of Medicinal Plants. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 1991.
    • (1991) Conservation of Medicinal Plants
    • Farnsworth, N.1    Socjarto, D.2
  • 23
    • 0002829098 scopus 로고
    • Plants, drugs and pioneers
    • Huxtable R. Plants, drugs and pioneers. HerbalGram. 1993;29:46-49.
    • (1993) HerbalGram , vol.29 , pp. 46-49
    • Huxtable, R.1
  • 24
    • 0029843437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbs - Useful plants: Their role in history
    • Jones SFA. Herbs - useful plants: their role in history, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996;8:1227-1231.
    • (1996) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.8 , pp. 1227-1231
    • Jones, S.F.A.1
  • 27
    • 0000931448 scopus 로고
    • A Neanderthal flower burial in northern Iraq
    • Solecki RS, Shanidar IV. A Neanderthal flower burial in northern Iraq. Science. 1975;190:880.
    • (1975) Science , vol.190 , pp. 880
    • Solecki, R.S.1    Shanidar, I.V.2
  • 30
    • 0346220811 scopus 로고
    • Art and artifact as ethnobotanical tools in the ancient Near East with emphasis on psychoactive plants
    • Schultes RE, von Reis S, eds. Portland, Ore: Dioscorides Press
    • Emboden WA. Art and artifact as ethnobotanical tools in the ancient Near East with emphasis on psychoactive plants. In: Schultes RE, von Reis S, eds. Ethnobotany: Evolution of a Discipline. Portland, Ore: Dioscorides Press; 1995.
    • (1995) Ethnobotany: Evolution of a Discipline
    • Emboden, W.A.1
  • 31
    • 0002295498 scopus 로고
    • Ma huang, ancient herb, modern medicine, regulatory dilemma
    • Blumenthal M, King P. Ma huang, ancient herb, modern medicine, regulatory dilemma. HerbalGram. 1995;3432-27.
    • (1995) HerbalGram , vol.34 , pp. 32-127
    • Blumenthal, M.1    King, P.2
  • 32
    • 0002650608 scopus 로고
    • Epinephrine and related substances
    • Chen KK, Schmidt CF. Epinephrine and related substances. Medicine. 1930;9:1-117.
    • (1930) Medicine , vol.9 , pp. 1-117
    • Chen, K.K.1    Schmidt, C.F.2
  • 34
    • 0018612308 scopus 로고
    • Qinghaosu antimalarial coordinating research group: Antimalarial studies on qinghaosu
    • Qinghaosu antimalarial coordinating research group: antimalarial studies on qinghaosu. Chin Med J. 1979;92:811-816.
    • (1979) Chin Med J , vol.92 , pp. 811-816
  • 35
    • 15844394627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of artemether or quinine in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria
    • Hien TT, Day NPJ, Phu NH, et al. A controlled trial of artemether or quinine in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:76-83.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 76-83
    • Hien, T.T.1    Day, N.P.J.2    Phu, N.H.3
  • 37
    • 0027536967 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of malaria in Vietnam with oral artemisinin
    • Nguyen DC, Dao BH, Nguyen PD, et al. Treatment of malaria in Vietnam with oral artemisinin. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993;48:398-402.
    • (1993) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.48 , pp. 398-402
    • Nguyen, D.C.1    Dao, B.H.2    Nguyen, P.D.3
  • 38
    • 8944252797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria
    • Van Hensbroek MB, Onyirah E, Jaffar S, et al. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:69-75.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 69-75
    • Van Hensbroek, M.B.1    Onyirah, E.2    Jaffar, S.3
  • 40
    • 0029881215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echinacea drogen - Wirkungen und wirksubstanzen
    • Bauer R. Echinacea drogen - Wirkungen und wirksubstanzen [Echinacea drugs -effects and active ingredients]. Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung. 1996;90:111-115.
    • (1996) Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung , vol.90 , pp. 111-115
    • Bauer, R.1
  • 42
    • 0024583770 scopus 로고
    • Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea
    • Luettig B, Steinmuller C, Gifford GE, Wagner H, Lohman-Matthes ML. Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989;81:669-675.
    • (1989) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.81 , pp. 669-675
    • Luettig, B.1    Steinmuller, C.2    Gifford, G.E.3    Wagner, H.4    Lohman-Matthes, M.L.5
  • 43
    • 0029311850 scopus 로고
    • Results of five randomized studies on the immunomodulatory activity of preparations of echinacea
    • Melchart D, Linde K, Worku F, et al. Results of five randomized studies on the immunomodulatory activity of preparations of echinacea. J Altern Complement Med. 1995;1:145-160.
    • (1995) J Altern Complement Med , vol.1 , pp. 145-160
    • Melchart, D.1    Linde, K.2    Worku, F.3
  • 44
    • 0031049539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro effects of echinacea and ginseng on natural killer and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in healthy subjects and chronic fatigue syndrome or AIDS patients
    • See DM, Broumand N, Sahl L, Tilles JG. In vitro effects of echinacea and ginseng on natural killer and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in healthy subjects and chronic fatigue syndrome or AIDS patients. Immunopharmacology. 1997;35:229-235.
    • (1997) Immunopharmacology , vol.35 , pp. 229-235
    • See, D.M.1    Broumand, N.2    Sahl, L.3    Tilles, J.G.4
  • 45
    • 0000786393 scopus 로고
    • Echinacea species as potential immunostimulatory drugs
    • Wagner H, Farnsworth NR, eds. New York, NY: Academic Press Limited
    • Bauer R, Wagner H. Echinacea species as potential immunostimulatory drugs. In: Wagner H, Farnsworth NR, eds. Economic and Medicinal Plant Research. New York, NY: Academic Press Limited; 1991.
    • (1991) Economic and Medicinal Plant Research
    • Bauer, R.1    Wagner, H.2
  • 46
    • 0348099798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echinacea: Biological effects and active principles
    • Lawson LD, Bauer R. eds. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society
    • Bauer R. Echinacea: biological effects and active principles. In: Lawson LD, Bauer R. eds. Phytomedicines of Europe: Chemistry and Biological Activity. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society; 1998:140-157.
    • (1998) Phytomedicines of Europe: Chemistry and Biological Activity , pp. 140-157
    • Bauer, R.1
  • 47
    • 0028322470 scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation with echinacea: A systematic review of controlled trials
    • Melchart D, Linde K, Worku F, Bauer R, Wagner H. Immunomodulation with echinacea: a systematic review of controlled trials. Phytomedicine. 1994;1:245-254.
    • (1994) Phytomedicine , vol.1 , pp. 245-254
    • Melchart, D.1    Linde, K.2    Worku, F.3    Bauer, R.4    Wagner, H.5
  • 48
    • 0032214129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echinacea root extracts for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial
    • Melchart D, Walther E, Linde K, Brandmaier R. Lersch C. Echinacea root extracts for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Arch Fam Med. 1998;7:541-545.
    • (1998) Arch Fam Med , vol.7 , pp. 541-545
    • Melchart, D.1    Walther, E.2    Linde, K.3    Brandmaier, R.4    Lersch, C.5
  • 49
    • 0026508064 scopus 로고
    • Bausendorf. Echinaceae purpureae radix: Zur Stärkung der körpereigenen Abwehr bei grippalen Infekten
    • Bräunig B, Dorn M, Limburg E, Knick E, Bausendorf. Echinaceae purpureae radix: zur Stärkung der körpereigenen Abwehr bei grippalen Infekten. Z Phytother. 1992;13:7-13.
    • (1992) Z Phytother , vol.13 , pp. 7-13
    • Bräunig, B.1    Dorn, M.2    Limburg, E.3    Knick, E.4
  • 50
    • 0002538361 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutische Erfahrungen mit Echinaceae pallidae bei grippalen Infekten
    • Bräunig B, Knick E. Therapeutische Erfahrungen mit Echinaceae pallidae bei grippalen Infekten. Naturheilpraxis. 1993;1:72-75.
    • (1993) Naturheilpraxis , vol.1 , pp. 72-75
    • Bräunig, B.1    Knick, E.2
  • 51
    • 0001233678 scopus 로고
    • Milerung grippaler Effeckte durch ein pflanzliches Immunstimulans
    • Dorn M. Milerung grippaler Effeckte durch ein pflanzliches Immunstimulans. Nuturund Ganzheitsmedizin. 1989;2:314-319.
    • (1989) Nuturund Ganzheitsmedizin , vol.2 , pp. 314-319
    • Dorn, M.1
  • 52
    • 0000442671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echinagard treatment shortens the course of the common cold: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • Hoheisel O, Sandberg M, Bertram S, Bulitta M, Schäfer M. Echinagard treatment shortens the course of the common cold: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Clin Res. 1997;9:261-268.
    • (1997) Eur J Clin Res , vol.9 , pp. 261-268
    • Hoheisel, O.1    Sandberg, M.2    Bertram, S.3    Bulitta, M.4    Schäfer, M.5
  • 53
    • 0000408352 scopus 로고
    • Immunmodulatoren mit pflanzlichen Wirkstoffen: Eine wissenschaftliche Studie am Beispiel Esberitox N
    • Reitz HD. Immunmodulatoren mit pflanzlichen Wirkstoffen: eine wissenschaftliche Studie am Beispiel Esberitox N. Notabene Medici. 1990;20:362-366.
    • (1990) Notabene Medici , vol.20 , pp. 362-366
    • Reitz, H.D.1
  • 54
    • 0002906426 scopus 로고
    • Bei Erkältung unspezifische Immunabwehr stimulieran: Doppelblindstudie zeigt: das bewährte phytotherapeutikum esberitox verkürzt die symptommatik
    • Vorberg G. Bei Erkältung unspezifische Immunabwehr stimulieran: doppelblindstudie zeigt: das bewährte phytotherapeutikum esberitox verkürzt die symptommatik. Arztl Praxis. 1984;36:97-98.
    • (1984) Arztl Praxis , vol.36 , pp. 97-98
    • Vorberg, G.1
  • 55
    • 0002819606 scopus 로고
    • Pflanzliches Immunstimulans verkürzt grippalen Infeckt. Doppelblindstudie belegt die Steigerung der unspezifischen Infektabwehr
    • Vorberg G, Schneider B. Pflanzliches Immunstimulans verkürzt grippalen Infeckt. Doppelblindstudie belegt die Steigerung der unspezifischen Infektabwehr. Arztl Forsch. 1989:36:3-8.
    • (1989) Arztl Forsch , vol.36 , pp. 3-8
    • Vorberg, G.1    Schneider, B.2
  • 57
    • 3043001152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefit-risk assessment of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulation
    • Parnham MJ. Benefit-risk assessment of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulation. Phytomedicine. 1996;3:95-102.
    • (1996) Phytomedicine , vol.3 , pp. 95-102
    • Parnham, M.J.1
  • 59
    • 0030029823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents
    • Agarwal KC. Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents. Med Res Rev. 1996;16:111-124.
    • (1996) Med Res Rev , vol.16 , pp. 111-124
    • Agarwal, K.C.1
  • 60
    • 0027183159 scopus 로고
    • Multiple inhibitory effects of garlic extracts on cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatoqtes
    • Gebhardt R. Multiple inhibitory effects of garlic extracts on cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatoqtes. Lipids. 1993;28:613-619.
    • (1993) Lipids , vol.28 , pp. 613-619
    • Gebhardt, R.1
  • 61
    • 0025169526 scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and hyperlipidemia: Garlic helps in mild cases
    • Auer W. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia: garlic helps in mild cases. Br J Clin Pract. 1990;44:3-6.
    • (1990) Br J Clin Pract , vol.44 , pp. 3-6
    • Auer, W.1
  • 62
    • 0028157345 scopus 로고
    • Garlic as a lipid lowering agent: A meta-analysis
    • Silagy C, Neil A. Garlic as a lipid lowering agent: a meta-analysis. J R Coll Physicians Land. 1994;28:39-45.
    • (1994) J R Coll Physicians Land , vol.28 , pp. 39-45
    • Silagy, C.1    Neil, A.2
  • 63
    • 0027452156 scopus 로고
    • Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol: A meta-analysis
    • Warshafsky S, Kramer RS, Sivak SL. Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:599-605.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 599-605
    • Warshafsky, S.1    Kramer, R.S.2    Sivak, S.L.3
  • 64
    • 0029790818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garlic powder in the treatment of moderate hyperlipemia: A controlled trial and meta-analysis
    • Neil H A, Silagy CA, Lancaster T, et al. Garlic powder in the treatment of moderate hyperlipemia: a controlled trial and meta-analysis. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1996;30:329-334.
    • (1996) J R Coll Physicians Lond , vol.30 , pp. 329-334
    • Neil, H.A.1    Silagy, C.A.2    Lancaster, T.3
  • 65
    • 0032540740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism: A randomized controlled trial
    • Berthold HK, Sudhop T, von Bergmann K. Effects of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998;279:1900-1902.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1900-1902
    • Berthold, H.K.1    Sudhop, T.2    Von Bergmann, K.3
  • 66
    • 0032496646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garlic powder and plasma lipids and lipoproteins: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial
    • Isaacsohn JL, Moser M, Stein EA, et al. Garlic powder and plasma lipids and lipoproteins: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1189-1194.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , pp. 1189-1194
    • Isaacsohn, J.L.1    Moser, M.2    Stein, E.A.3
  • 68
    • 0028354496 scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure
    • Silagy CA, Neil HAW. A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure. J Hypertens. 1994;12:463-468.
    • (1994) J Hypertens , vol.12 , pp. 463-468
    • Silagy, C.A.1    Haw, N.2
  • 69
    • 0029828635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids
    • Steiner M, Kahn AH, Holbert D, Lin RI. A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64(6):866-870.
    • (1996) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.64 , Issue.6 , pp. 866-870
    • Steiner, M.1    Kahn, A.H.2    Holbert, D.3    Lin, R.I.4
  • 70
    • 0003925799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zingiber officinale
    • De Smet PAGM, Keller K, Hansel R, Chandler RF, eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag
    • Corrigan D. Zingiber officinale. In: De Smet PAGM, Keller K, Hansel R, Chandler RF, eds. Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1997.
    • (1997) Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs
    • Corrigan, D.1
  • 71
    • 0020062345 scopus 로고
    • Motion sickness, ginger, and psychophysics
    • Mowrey DB, Clayson DE. Motion sickness, ginger, and psychophysics. Lancet. 1982;1:655-657.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 655-657
    • Mowrey, D.B.1    Clayson, D.E.2
  • 73
    • 0025972441 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginger on motion sickness susceptibility and gastric function
    • Stewart JJ, Wood MJ, Wood CD, Mims ME. Effects of ginger on motion sickness susceptibility and gastric function. Pharmacology. 1991;42:111-120.
    • (1991) Pharmacology , vol.42 , pp. 111-120
    • Stewart, J.J.1    Wood, M.J.2    Wood, C.D.3    Mims, M.E.4
  • 74
    • 33645348896 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind comparative trial of powdered ginger root, hyoscine hydrobromide and cinnarizine in the prophylaxis of motion sickness induced by cross coupled stimulation
    • Stott JRR, Hubble MP, Spense MB. A double-blind comparative trial of powdered ginger root, hyoscine hydrobromide and cinnarizine in the prophylaxis of motion sickness induced by cross coupled stimulation. Proc Advisory Group Aerosp Res Dev. 1985;372(39):1-6.
    • (1985) Proc Advisory Group Aerosp Res Dev , vol.372 , Issue.39 , pp. 1-6
    • Stott, J.R.R.1    Hubble, M.P.2    Spense, M.B.3
  • 75
    • 0023839356 scopus 로고
    • Ginger root against seasickness: A controlled trial on the open sea
    • Grontved A, Brask T, Kambskard J, Hentzer E. Ginger root against seasickness: a controlled trial on the open sea. Acta Otolaryngol. 1988;105:45-49.
    • (1988) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.105 , pp. 45-49
    • Grontved, A.1    Brask, T.2    Kambskard, J.3    Hentzer, E.4
  • 76
    • 0025183438 scopus 로고
    • The effect of ginger root on post-operative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery
    • Bone ME, Wilkinson DJ, Young JR, McNeil J, Charlton S. The effect of ginger root on post-operative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery. Anaesthesia. 1990;45:669-671.
    • (1990) Anaesthesia , vol.45 , pp. 669-671
    • Bone, M.E.1    Wilkinson, D.J.2    Young, J.R.3    McNeil, J.4    Charlton, S.5
  • 77
    • 0027240274 scopus 로고
    • Zingiber officinale (ginger) - An antiemetic for day case surgery
    • Phillips S, Ruggier R, Hutchinson SE. Zingiber officinale (ginger) - an antiemetic for day case surgery. Anaesthesia. 1993;48(8);715-717.
    • (1993) Anaesthesia , vol.48 , Issue.8 , pp. 715-717
    • Phillips, S.1    Ruggier, R.2    Hutchinson, S.E.3
  • 78
  • 80
    • 0001951529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginger as an anti-nausea remedy in pregnancy: The issue of safety
    • Fulder S, Tenne M. Ginger as an anti-nausea remedy in pregnancy: the issue of safety. Hertal Gram. 1997;38:47-50.
    • (1997) Hertal Gram , vol.38 , pp. 47-50
    • Fulder, S.1    Tenne, M.2
  • 81
    • 0026665366 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology of extinction
    • Huxtable R. The pharmacology of extinction. J Ethnopharmacol. 1992;37:1-11.
    • (1992) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.37 , pp. 1-11
    • Huxtable, R.1
  • 82
    • 0348111945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gingko biloba
    • De Smet PAGM, Keller K, Hansel R, Chandler RF, eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag
    • Woerdenbag HJ, Van Beck TA. Gingko biloba. In: De Smet PAGM, Keller K, Hansel R, Chandler RF, eds. Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1997.
    • (1997) Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs
    • Woerdenbag, H.J.1    Van Beck, T.A.2
  • 83
    • 0026793093 scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba for cerebral insufficiency
    • Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. Ginkgo biloba for cerebral insufficiency. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;34:352-358.
    • (1992) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.34 , pp. 352-358
    • Kleijnen, J.1    Knipschild, P.2
  • 84
    • 0026088807 scopus 로고
    • A double blind, placebo-controlled study of ginkgo biloba extract in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate memory impairment
    • Rai GS, Shovelin C, Wesnes KA. A double blind, placebo-controlled study of ginkgo biloba extract in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate memory impairment. Curr Med Res Opin. 1992;12:350-355.
    • (1992) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.12 , pp. 350-355
    • Rai, G.S.1    Shovelin, C.2    Wesnes, K.A.3
  • 85
    • 0028276893 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of EGb 761 in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on different levels of investigation
    • Hofferberth B. The efficacy of EGb 761 in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study on different levels of investigation. Hum Psychopharmacol. 1994;9:215-222.
    • (1994) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.9 , pp. 215-222
    • Hofferberth, B.1
  • 86
    • 0002369696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proof of efficacy of the Gingko biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia
    • Kanowski S, Hermann WM, Stephan K, Wierich W, Horr R. Proof of efficacy of the Gingko biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia. Phytomedicine. 1997;4:3-13.
    • (1997) Phytomedicine , vol.4 , pp. 3-13
    • Kanowski, S.1    Hermann, W.M.2    Stephan, K.3    Wierich, W.4    Horr, R.5
  • 87
    • 0030775196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in dementia of the Alzheimer type
    • Maurer K, Ihl R, Dierks T, Frölich L Clinical efficacy of ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in dementia of the Alzheimer type. J Psychiatr Res. 1997;31:645-655.
    • (1997) J Psychiatr Res , vol.31 , pp. 645-655
    • Maurer, K.1    Ihl, R.2    Dierks, T.3    Frölich, L.4
  • 88
    • 0030759072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial of an extract of ginkgo biloba for dementia
    • Le Bars PL, Katz MM, Berman N, Itil TM, Freedman AM, Schatzberg AF. A placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial of an extract of ginkgo biloba for dementia. JAMA. 1997;278:1327-1332.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 1327-1332
    • Le Bars, P.L.1    Katz, M.M.2    Berman, N.3    Itil, T.M.4    Freedman, A.M.5    Schatzberg, A.F.6
  • 89
    • 2642589987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba for dementia
    • Ginkgo biloba for dementia. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1998;40(1029):63-65.
    • (1998) Med Lett Drugs Ther , vol.40 , Issue.1029 , pp. 63-65
  • 90
    • 0030055770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • St Johns wort for depression: An overview and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
    • Linde K, Ramirez G, Mulrow CD, Pauls A, Weidenhammer W, Melchart D. St Johns wort for depression: an overview and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BMJ. 1996;313:253-258.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.313 , pp. 253-258
    • Linde, K.1    Ramirez, G.2    Mulrow, C.D.3    Pauls, A.4    Weidenhammer, W.5    Melchart, D.6
  • 91
    • 0030807293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LI 160, an extract of St John's wort, versus amitriptyline in mildly to moderately depressed outpatients: A controlled 6-week clinical trial
    • Wheatley D. LI 160, an extract of St John's wort, versus amitriptyline in mildly to moderately depressed outpatients: a controlled 6-week clinical trial. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1997;30(suppl2):77-80.
    • (1997) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.30 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 77-80
    • Wheatley, D.1
  • 92
    • 0030865989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of St John's wort extract LI 160 versus imipramine in patients with severe depressive episodes according to ICD-10
    • Vorbach EU, Arnoldt KH, Hubner WD. Efficacy and tolerability of St John's wort extract LI 160 versus imipramine in patients with severe depressive episodes according to ICD-10. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1997;30(suppl 2):81-85.
    • (1997) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.30 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 81-85
    • Vorbach, E.U.1    Arnoldt, K.H.2    Hubner, W.D.3
  • 93
    • 0030016489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • St John's wort as an antidepressant
    • De Smet PAGM, Nolen WA. St John's wort as an antidepressant. BMJ. 1996;313:241-242.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.313 , pp. 241-242
    • De Smet, P.A.G.M.1    Nolen, W.A.2
  • 94
    • 2642626657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • St John's wort
    • St John's wort. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1997;39:107-108.
    • (1997) Med Lett Drugs Ther , vol.39 , pp. 107-108
  • 95
    • 0023845233 scopus 로고
    • The biological activity of valerian and related plants
    • Houghton P. The biological activity of valerian and related plants. J Pharmacol. 1988;22:121-142.
    • (1988) J Pharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 121-142
    • Houghton, P.1
  • 96
    • 0019992625 scopus 로고
    • Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L) improves sleep quality in man
    • Leathwood PD, Chauffard F, Heck E, Munoz-Box R. Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L) improves sleep quality in man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1982;17:65-71.
    • (1982) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.17 , pp. 65-71
    • Leathwood, P.D.1    Chauffard, F.2    Heck, E.3    Munoz-Box, R.4
  • 97
    • 0022042615 scopus 로고
    • Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man
    • Leathwood PD, Chauffard F. Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man. Planta Medica. 1985;50:144-147.
    • (1985) Planta Medica , vol.50 , pp. 144-147
    • Leathwood, P.D.1    Chauffard, F.2
  • 98
    • 0024375294 scopus 로고
    • Double blind study of a valerian preparation
    • Lindahl O, Lindwall L. Double blind study of a valerian preparation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1989;32:1065-1066.
    • (1989) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.32 , pp. 1065-1066
    • Lindahl, O.1    Lindwall, L.2
  • 99
    • 0022345178 scopus 로고
    • Randomisierte doppleblindstudie zum klinischen wirksamkeitvergleich eines phytotherapeutikums mit diazepam
    • Panijel M. Randomisierte doppleblindstudie zum klinischen wirksamkeitvergleich eines phytotherapeutikums mit diazepam. Therapicwoche. 1985;35:4659-1669.
    • (1985) Therapicwoche , vol.35 , pp. 4659-11669
    • Panijel, M.1
  • 100
    • 0028288003 scopus 로고
    • The effect of valerian extract on sleep polygraphy in poor sleepers: A pilot study
    • Schulz H, Stolz C, Miller J. The effect of valerian extract on sleep polygraphy in poor sleepers: a pilot study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1994;27:147-151.
    • (1994) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 147-151
    • Schulz, H.1    Stolz, C.2    Miller, J.3
  • 102
    • 77957191818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valerian clinical monograph
    • Fall
    • Reichert RG. Valerian clinical monograph. Q Rev Nat Med. Fall 1998:207-215.
    • (1998) Q Rev Nat Med , pp. 207-215
    • Reichert, R.G.1
  • 103
    • 0032541599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative medicine: The risks of untested and unregulated remedies
    • Angell M, Kassirer JP. Alternative medicine: the risks of untested and unregulated remedies [editorial]. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:839-841.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 839-841
    • Angell, M.1    Kassirer, J.P.2
  • 104
    • 0347430245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse reaction reports
    • Bone K. Adverse reaction reports. Mod Phytotherapist. 1997;4:34-36.
    • (1997) Mod Phytotherapist , vol.4 , pp. 34-36
    • Bone, K.1
  • 105
    • 0343307205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal medicine: What works, what's safe
    • October 15
    • D'Epiro NW. Herbal medicine: what works, what's safe. Patient Care. October 15, 1997:49-68.
    • (1997) Patient Care , pp. 49-68
    • D'Epiro, N.W.1
  • 106
    • 0001929051 scopus 로고
    • Relative safety of herbal medicines
    • Farnsworth NR. Relative safety of herbal medicines. HerbalGram. 1993;29(suppl):36A-36H.
    • (1993) HerbalGram , vol.29 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Farnsworth, N.R.1
  • 107
    • 0029066463 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events: Implications for prevention
    • Bates DW, Cullen DJ, Laird N, et al. Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events: implications for prevention. JAMA. 1995;274:29-34.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 29-34
    • Bates, D.W.1    Cullen, D.J.2    Laird, N.3
  • 108
    • 0025924692 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients: Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I
    • Brennan TA, Leape LL, Laird NM, et al. Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients: results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:370-376.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 370-376
    • Brennan, T.A.1    Leape, L.L.2    Laird, N.M.3
  • 109
    • 0031032055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse drug events in hospitalized patients: Excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality
    • Classen DC, Pestotnik SL, Evans RS, Lloyd JF, Burke JP. Adverse drug events in hospitalized patients: excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. JAMA. 1997;277:307-311.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , pp. 307-311
    • Classen, D.C.1    Pestotnik, S.L.2    Evans, R.S.3    Lloyd, J.F.4    Burke, J.P.5
  • 110
    • 0032005839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harmless herbs? A renew of the recent literature
    • Ernst E. Harmless herbs? A renew of the recent literature. Am J Med. 1998;104:170-178.
    • (1998) Am J Med , vol.104 , pp. 170-178
    • Ernst, E.1
  • 111
    • 0026741794 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pediatric poisoning hazards: An analysis of 3.8 million exposure incidents
    • Litovitz T, Manoguerra A. Comparison of pediatric poisoning hazards: an analysis of 3.8 million exposure incidents. Pediatrics. 1992;89:999-1006.
    • (1992) Pediatrics , vol.89 , pp. 999-1006
    • Litovitz, T.1    Manoguerra, A.2
  • 112
    • 0032574258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in US medication-error deaths between 1983 and 1993
    • Phillips DP, Christenfeld N, Glynn LM. Increase in US medication-error deaths between 1983 and 1993. Lancet. 1998;351:643.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 643
    • Phillips, D.P.1    Christenfeld, N.2    Glynn, L.M.3
  • 113
    • 0029681321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What pharmacists should know about herbal remedies
    • Tyler VE. What pharmacists should know about herbal remedies. J Am Pharm Assoc. 1996;NS36:29-37.
    • (1996) J Am Pharm Assoc , vol.NS36 , pp. 29-37
    • Tyler, V.E.1
  • 114
    • 0032508882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative medicine: Learning from the past, examining the present, advancing to the future
    • Jonas WB. Alternative medicine: learning from the past, examining the present, advancing to the future. JAMA. 1998;280:1616-1617.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 1616-1617
    • Jonas, W.B.1
  • 115
    • 0030741183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advising patients who seek alternative medical therapies
    • Eisenberg DM. Advising patients who seek alternative medical therapies. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:61-69.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med , vol.127 , pp. 61-69
    • Eisenberg, D.M.1
  • 116
    • 0029339476 scopus 로고
    • Ethics of alternative therapies
    • McNaughton C, Eidsness LM. Ethics of alternative therapies. S D J Med. 1995;48:209-211.
    • (1995) S D J Med , vol.48 , pp. 209-211
    • McNaughton, C.1    Eidsness, L.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.