Quantitative Methods in Research on Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Methodological Manifesto

Medical Care

Volumn 35, Issue 11, 1997, Pages 1079-1094

  Levin, Jeffrey S ^a,f   Glass, Thomas A ^b   Kushi, Lawrence H ^c   Schuck, John R ^d   Steele, Lea ^e   Jonas, Wayne B ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^d BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e Kansas Commission on Veterans Affairs   (United States)

^f National Institutes of Health ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Alternative medicine; Methodology; Research; Statistics

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; STANDARD; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

CLINICAL TRIALS; COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HUMANS; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (U.S.); OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); RESEARCH DESIGN; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0031279622     PISSN: 00257079     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005650-199711000-00001     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Eisenberg DM, Kessler RC, Foster C, Norlock FE, Calkins DR, Delbanco TL. Unconventional medicine in the United States: Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use. N Engl J Med 1993;328:246.
2. Jonas WB. Evaluating unconventional medical practices. J NIH Res 1993;5:64.
3. Ernst E. Complementary medicine: Common misconceptions. J Royal Soc Med 1995;88:244.
4. Cassileth BR, Lusk EF, Strouse TB, Bodenheimer BJ. Contemporary unorthodox treatments in cancer medicine: A study of patients, treatments, and practitioners. Ann Intern Med 1984;101:105.
5. Kleijnen J, Knipschild P, ter Riet G. Clinical trials of homoeopathy. BMJ 1991;302:316.
6. Berman BM, Larson DB, eds. Alternative medicine: Expanding medical horizons. A report to the National Institutes of Health on alternative medical systems and practices in the United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1995. NIH publication no. 94-066.
7. Dossey L. How should alternative therapies be evaluated? An examination of fundamentals. Alt Ther Hlth Med 1995;1:6.
8. Moyé LA, Richardson MA, Post-White J, Justice B. Research methodology in psychoneuroimmunology: Rationale and design of the IMAGES-P clinical trial. Alt Ther Health Med 1995;1:34.
9. Schneider CJ, Jonas WB. Are alternative treatments effective? Issues and methods involved in measuring effectiveness of alternative treatments. Subtle Energies 1994;5:69.
10. Marshall E. The politics of alternative medicine. Science 1994;265:2000.
11. Steinberg J. Alternative-medicine office: A time to heal. J NIH Res 1995;7:34.
12. Patel MH. Evaluation of holistic medicine. Soc Sci Med 1987;24:169.
13. Lewith GT, Aldridge D, eds. Clinical research methodology for complementary therapies. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1993.
14. Herman J. The demise of the randomized controlled trial. J Clin Epidemiol 1995;48:985.
15. St George D. Research into complementary medicine: Going beyond the limits of clinical trials. Advances 1994;10(3):59.
16. Goldstein MS, Sutherland C, Jaffe DT, Wilson J. Holistic physicians and family practitioners: Similarities, differences and implications for health policy. Soc Sci Med 1988;26:853.
17. Goldstein MS, Sutherland CE, Jaffe DT, Wilson J. The use of health promotion techniques by holistic physicians and family practitioners. Advances 1989;5(3):12.
18. Goldstein MS, Jaffe DT, Garell D, Berke RE. Holistic doctors: Becoming a nontraditional medical practitioner. Urban Life 1985;14:317.
19. The Burton Goldberg Group. Alternative medicine: The definitive guide. Puyallup, WA: Future Medicine Publishing, Inc., 1994:494.
20. Inglis B. The case for unorthodox medicine. New York, NY: GP Putnam's Sons, 1965.
21. Waldrop MM. Complexity: The emerging science at the edge of order and chaos. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1992.
22. Howard J. The Bach Flower Remedies step by step: A complete guide to prescribing. Saffron Walden, England: The CW Daniel Company Ltd., 1990:29.
23. Murray M, Pizzorno J. Encyclopedia of natural medicine. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1991:260.
24. Stambolovic V. Medical heresy: The view of a heretic. Soc Sci Med 1996;43:601.
25. Motoyama H. Physiological measurements and new instrumentation. In: Meek GW, ed. Healers and the healing process. Wheaton, IL: Quest, 1977:147.
26. Braud WG, Schlitz MJ. Consciousness interactions with remote biological systems: Anomalous intentionality effects. Subtle Energies 1991;2:1.
27. MacMahon B, Pugh TF, Ipsen J. Epidemiologic methods. Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co., 1960.
28. Sadler JZ, Hulgus YF. Knowing, valuing, acting: Clues to revising the biopsychosocial model. Compr Psychiatry 1990;31:185.
29. Kaptchuk T, Croucher M. The healing arts. New York, NY: Summit Books, 1987.
30. Cassileth B, Jonas W, Cassidy CM. Research methodologies. In: Berman BM, Larson DB, eds. Alternative medicine: Expanding medical horizons. A report to the National Institutes of Health on alternative medical systems and practices in the United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1995:289. NIH publication no. 94-066.
31. Bailey KD. Methods of social research. 2nd ed. New York, NY: The Free Press, 1982.
32. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic research: Principles and quantitative methods. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1982.
33. Jonas WB. Medicine and the mind: Does methodology matter? Paper presented at Evolution of a New Paradigm: Science & Inner Experience, The Sixth Annual Conference of the International Society for the Study of Subtle Energies and Energy Medicine (ISSSEEM); June 22, 1996; Boulder, CO.
34. Hadler NM, Curtis P, Gillings DB, Stinnett S. A benefit of spinal manipulation as adjunctive therapy for acute low back pain: A stratified controlled trial. Spine 1987;12:702.
35. McCraty R, Atkinson M, Tiller WA. New electrophysiological correlates associated with intentional heart focus. Subtle Energies 1993;4:251.
36. Armstrong B, Van Merwyk AJ, Coates H. Blood pressure in Seventh-day Adventist vegetarians. Am J Epidemiol 1977;105:444.
37. Bombardier CH, Buchwald D. Chronic fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome, and fibromyalgia: Disability and health-care use. Med Care 1996;34:924.
38. House JS, Landis KR, Umberson D. Social relationships and health. Science 1988;241:540.
39. Hamburg DA, Elliott GR, Parron DL, eds. Health and behavior: Frontiers of research in the biobehavioral sciences. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1982.
40. Levin JS. How religion influences morbidity and health: Reflections on natural history, salutogenesis and host resistance. Soc Sci Med 1996;43:849.
41. Bollen KA. Structural equations with latent variables. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
42. Bentler PM, Stein JA. Structural equation models in medical research. Stat Methods Med Res 1992;1:159.
43. Moses LE. Measuring effects without randomized trials?: Options, problems, challenges. Med Care 1995;33(4):AS8.
44. D'Agostino RB, Kwen H. Measuring effectiveness: What to expect without a randomized control group. Med Care 1995;33(4):AS95.
45. Hennekens CH, Buring JE. Epidemiology in medicine. Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co., 1987:101.
46. Nunnally JC. Psychometric theory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1978:3.
47. Myss C. Energy anatomy and self diagnosis: The language of your body's power centers [videotape]. 1992.
48. Glymour C, Stalker D. Engineers, cranks, physicians, magicians. N Engl J Med 1983;308:960.
49. Philippe P. Chaos, population biology, and epideiology: Some research implications. Human Biol 1993;65:525.
50. Skinner JE, Molnar M, Vybiral T, Mitra M. Application of chaos theory to biology and medicine. Integr Physiol Behav Sci 1992;27:39.
51. Lipsitz LA. Loss of complexity and aging: Potential applications of fractals and chaos theory to senescence. JAMA 1992;267:1806.
52. Rector-Page LG. Healthy healing: An alternative healing reference. 9th edition. Sonora, CA: Healthy Healing Publications, 1994:52.
53. Sharma U. Complementary medicine today: Practitioners and patients. Revised ed. London: Routledge, 1995:208.
54. Levin JS. Does religious involvement protect against morbidity and mortality? Bridges 1994;5:12.