Time-dependent changes to lipids and antioxidants in plasma and aortas of apolipoprotein E knockout mice

Journal of Lipid Research

Volumn 40, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 1104-1112

  Letters, Jacinta M ^a,b,d   Witting, Paul K ^a,b,d   Christison, Julie K ^a,b,d   Eriksson, Annika Weston ^b,c,d   Pettersson, Knut ^b,c,d   Stocker, Roland ^a,b,d  

^a Biochemistry Group   (Australia)

^b HEART RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^c Cardiovascular Pharmacology   (Sweden)

^d ASTRAZENECA R AND D   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Atherogenesis; Lipid peroxidation; Lipoprotein oxidation; Very low density lipoprotein; Vitamin E

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; CHOLESTEROL ESTER; UBIQUINONE; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; LIPID PEROXIDATION; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; AORTA; APOLIPOPROTEINS E; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID; DIETARY FATS; KINETICS; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPID PEROXIDATION; LIPIDS; LIPOPROTEINS; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MICE, KNOCKOUT; PEROXIDES; UBIQUINONE; VITAMIN E;

EID: 0033061729     PISSN: 00222275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Steinberg, D., S. Parthasarathy, T. E. Carew, J. C. Khoo, and J. L. Witztum. 1989. Beyond cholesterol: modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N. Engl. J. Med. 320: 915-924.
2. Ylä-Herttuala, S., W. Palinski, M. E. Rosenfeld, S. Parthasarathy, T. E. Carew, S. Butler, J. L. Witztum, and D. Steinberg. 1989. Evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and man. J. Clin. Invest. 84: 1086-1095.
3. Hoff, H. F., J. O'Neil, J. M. Pepin, and T. B. Cole. 1990. Macrophage uptake of cholesterol-containing particles derived from LDL and isolated from atherosclerotic lesions. Eur. Heart J. 11 (Suppl. E): 105-115.
4. Steinbrecher, U. P., and M. Lougheed. 1992. Scavenger receptor-independent stimulation of cholesterol esterification in macrophages by low density lipoprotein extracted from human aortic intima. Arterioscler. Thromb. 12: 608-625.
5. Itabe, H., E. Takeshima, H. Iwasaki, J. Kimura, Y. Yoshida, T. Imanaka, and T. Takano. 1994. A monoclonal antibody against oxidized lipoprotein recognizes foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Complex formation of oxidized phosphalidylcholines and polypeptides. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 15274-15279.
6. Hazell, L. J., L. Arnold, D. Flowers, G. Waeg, E. Malle, and R. Stocker. 1996. Presence of hypochlorite-modified proteins in human atherosclerotic lesions. J. Clin. Invest. 97: 1535-1544.
7. Hazen, S. L., and J. W. Heinecke. 1997. 3-Chlorotyrosine, a specific marker of myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation, is markedly elevated in low density lipoprotein isolated from human atherosclerotic intima. J. Clin. Invest. 99: 2075-2081.
8. Smith, E. B., and R. S. Slater. 1970. The chemical and immunological assay of low density lipoprotein extracted from human aortic intima. Atherosclerosis. 11: 417-438.
9. Carpenter, K. L. H., S. E. Taylor, J. A. Ballantine, B. Fussell, B. Halliwell, and M. J. Mitchinson. 1993. Lipids and oxidised lipids in human atheroma and normal aorta. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1167: 121-130.
10. Suarna, C., R. T. Dean, J. May, and R. Stocker. 1995. Human atherosclerotic plaque contains both oxidized lipids and relatively large amounts of α-tocopherol and ascorbate. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 15: 1616-1624.
11. Berliner, J. A., and J. W. Heinecke. 1996. The role of oxidized lipoproteins in atherogenesis. Free Radical Biol. Med. 20: 707-727.
12. Steinbrecher, U. P., M. Lougheed, W-C. Kwan, and M. Dirks. 1989. Recognition of oxidized low density lipoprotein by the scavenger receptor of macrophages results from derivatization of apolipoprotein B by products of fatty acid peroxidation. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 15216-15223.
13. Sato, K., E. Niki, and H. Shimasaki. 1990. Free radical-mediated chain oxidation of low density lipoprotein and its synergistic inhibition by vitamin E and vitamin C. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 279: 402-405.
14. Parthasarathy, S., S. G. Young, J. L. Witztum, R. C. Pittman, and D. Steinberg. 1986. Probucol inhibits oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. J. Clin. Invest. 77: 641-644.
15. Björkhem, I., A. Henriksson-Freyschuss, O. Breuer, U. Diczfalusy, L. Berglund, and P. Henriksson. 1991. The antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene protects against atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. 11: 15-22.
16. Sparrow, C. P., T. W. Doebber, J. Olszewski, M. S. Wu, J. Ventre, K. A. Stevens, and Y. S. Chao. 1992. Low density lipoprotein is protected from oxidation and the progression of atherosclerosis is slowed in cholesterol-fed rabbits by the antioxidant N,N′-diphenyl-phenylenediamine. J. Clin. Invest. 89: 1885-1891.
17. Fruebis, J., D. Steinberg, H. A. Dresel, and T. A. Carew. 1994. A comparison of the antiatherogenic effects of probucol and a structural analogue of probucol in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient rabbits. J. Clin. Invest. 94: 392-398.
18. Noguchi, N., Y. Iwaki, M. Takahashi, E. Komuro, Y. Kato, K. Tamura, O. Cynshi, T. Kodama, and E. Niki. 1997. 2,3-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,2-dipentyl-4,6-di-tert-butylbenzofuran: design and evaluation as a novel radical-scavenging antioxidant against lipid peroxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 342: 236-243.
19. Hazell, L. J., and R. Stocker. 1993. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein with hypochlorite causes transformation of the lipoprotein into a high-uptake form for macrophages. Biochem. J. 290: 165-172.
20. Witting, P. K., J. M. Upston, and R. Stocker. 1998. The molecular action of α-tocopherol in lipoprotein lipid peroxidation: pro-and antioxidant activity of vitamin E in complex heterogeneous lipid emulsions. In Subcellular Biochemistry: Fat-Soluble Vitamins. P. Quinn and V. Kagan, editors. Plenum Press, London. 345-390.
21. Hazell, L. J., and R. Stocker. 1997. α-Tocopherol does not inhibit hypochlorite-induced oxidation of apolipoprotein B-100 of low-density lipoprotein. FEBS Lett. 414: 541-544.
22. Heinecke, J. W. 1997. Mechanisms of oxidative damage of low density lipoprotein in human atherosclerosis. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 8: 268-274.
23. Piedrahita, J. A., S. H. Zhang, J. R. Hagaman, P. M. Oliver, and N. Maeda. 1992. Generation of mice carrying a mutant apolipoprotein E gene inactivated by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89: 4471-4475.
24. Zhan, S. H., R. L. Reddick, J. A. Piedrahita, and N. Maeda. 1992. Spontaneous hypercholesterolemia and arterial lesions in mice lacking apolipoprotein E. Science. 258: 468-471.
25. Palinski, W., V. A. Ord, A. S. Plump, J. L. Breslow, D. Steinberg, and J. L. Witztum. 1994. ApoE-deficient mice are a model of lipoprotein oxidation in atherogenesis. Demonstration of oxidation-specific epitopes in lesions and high titres of autoantibodies to malondialdehyde-lysine in serum. Arterioscler. Thromb. 14: 605-616.
26. Hayek, T., J. Oiknine, J. G. Brook, and M. Aviram. 1994. Increased plasma and lipoprotein lipid peroxidation in apo E-deficient mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 201: 1567-1574.
27. Aviram, M., I. Maor, S. Keidar, T. Hayek, J. Oiknine, Y. Bar-El, Z. Adler, V. Kertzman, and S. Milo. 1995. Lesioned low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient transgenic mice and in humans is oxidized and aggregated. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 216: 501-513.
28. Belkner, J., R. Wiesner, J. Rathman, J. Barnett, E. Sigal, and H. Kühn. 1993. Oxygenation of lipoproteins by mammalian lipoxygenases. Eur. J. Biochem. 213: 251-261.
29. Yamamoto, Y., M. H. Brodsky, J. C. Baker, and B. N. Ames. 1987. Detection and characterization of lipid hydroperoxides at picomole levels by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 160: 7-13.
30. Buettner, G. R. 1990. Use of ascorbate as test for catalytic metals in simple buffers. Methods Enzymol. 186: 125-127.
31. Thomas, S. R., J. Neuzil, and R. Stocker. 1996. Co-supplementation with coenzyme Q prevents the pro-oxidant effect of α-tocopherol and increases the resistance of low-density lipoprotein towards transition metal-dependent oxidation initiation. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 16: 687-696.
32. Neuzil, J., S. R. Thomas, and R. Stocker. 1997. Requirement for, promotion, or inhibition by α-tocopherol of radical-induced initiation of plasma lipoprotein lipid peroxidation. Free Radical Biol. Med. 22: 57-71.
33. Witting, P. K., D. Mohr, and R. Stocker. 1998. Assessment of pro-and anti-oxidant activity of vitamin E in human low density lipoprotein and plasma. Methods Enzymol. 299: 362-375.
34. Witting, P. K., K. Pettersson, A-M. Östlund-Lindqvist, C. Westerlund, A. Weston Eriksson, and R. Stocker. 1999. Inhibition by a co-antioxidant of aortic lipoprotein lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E and low density lipoprotein receptor gene double knockout mice. FASEB J. 13: 667-675.
35. Neuzil, J., J. K. Christison, E. Iheanacho, J-C. Fragonas, V. Zammit, N. H. Hunt, and R. Stocker. 1998. Radical-induced lipoprotein and plasma lipid oxidation in normal and apolipoprotein E gene knockout (apoE-/-) mice. ApoE-/-mouse as a model for testing the role of tocopherol-mediated peroxidation in atherogenesis.J. Lipid Res. 39: 354-368.
36. Barclay, L. R. C., S. J. Locke, J. M. MacNeil, and J. VanKessel. 1984. Autoxidation of micelles and model membranes. Quantitative kinetic measurements can be made by using either water-soluble or lipid-soluble initiators with water-soluble or lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidants. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106: 2479-2481.
37. Zhang, S. H., R. L. Reddick, B. Burkey, and N. Maeda. 1994. Diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice heterozygous and homozygous for apolipoprotein E gene disruption. J. Clin. Invest. 94: 937-945.
38. Esterbauer, H., J. Gebicki, H. Puhl, and G. Jürgens. 1992. The role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in oxidative modification of LDL. Free Radical Biol. Med. 13: 341-390.
39. Frei, B., R. Stocker, and B. N. Ames. 1988. Antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation in human blood plasma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85: 9748-9752.
40. Smith, E. B. 1974. The relationship between plasma and tissue lipids in human atherosclerosis. Adv. Lipid Res. 12: 1-49.
41. Breslow, J. L. 1993. Transgenic mouse models of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90: 8314-8318.
42. Breslow, J. L. 1996. Mouse models of atherosclerosis. Science. 272: 685-688.
43. Bowry, V. W., and R. Stocker. 1993. Tocopherol-mediated peroxidation. The pro-oxidant effect of vitamin E on the radical-initiated oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115: 6029-6044.
44. Aw, T. Y., M. W. Williams, and L. Gray. 1992. Absorption and lymphatic transport of peroxidized lipids by rat small intestine in vivo: role of mucosal GSH. Am. J. Physiol. 262: G99-G106.
45. Mohr, D., Y. Umeda, T. G. Redgrave, and R. Stocker. 1999. Anti-oxidant defenses in rat intestine and mesenteric lymph. Redox Rep. In press.
46. Nakashima, Y., A. S. Plump, E. W. Raines, J. L. Breslow, and R. Ross. 1993. Apo-E deficient mice develop lesions of all phases of atherosclerosis throughout the arterial tree. Arterioscler. Thromb. 14: 133-140.
47. De Meyer, G. R., H. Bult, and A. G. Herman. 1991. Early atherosclerosis is accompanied by a decreased rather than an increased accumulation of fatty acid hydroxy derivatives. Biochem. Pharmacol. 42: 279-283.
48. Sattler, W., and Stocker, R. 1993. Greater selective uptake by Hep G2 cells of high-density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides than of unoxidized cholesteryl esters. Biochem. J. 294: 771-778.
49. Kritharides, L., J. Upston, W. Jessup, and R. T. Dean. 1998. Accumulation and metabolism of low density lipoprotein-derived cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxide and hydroxide by macrophages. J. Lipid Res. 39: 2394-2405.
50. Kritharides, L., W. Jessup, J. Gifford, and R. T. Dean. 1993. A method for defining the stages of LDL oxidation by the separation of cholesterol and cholesteryl ester-oxidation products by HPLC. Anal. Biochem. 213: 79-89.
51. Esterbauer, H., G. Jürgens, O. Quehenberger, and E. Koller. 1987. Autoxidation of human low density lipoprotein: loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E and generation of aldehyde. J. Lipid Res. 28: 495-509.
52. Åberg, F., E-L. Appelkvist, G. Dallner, and L. Ernster. 1992. Distribution and redox state of ubiquinones in rat and human tissues. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 295: 230-234.
53. Stocker, R., V. W. Bowry, and B. Frei. 1991. Ubiquinol-10 protects human low density lipoprotein more efficiently against lipid peroxidation than does α-tocopherol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88: 1646-1650.