New i.v. agents

British Journal of Anaesthesia

Volumn 83, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 29-41

  Aun, C S T ^a  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Anaesthesia, paediatric; Anaesthetics i.v; Anaesthetics i.v., ketamine; Anaesthetics i.v., propofol; Analgesics opioid

Indexed keywords

ALFENTANIL; ELTANOLONE; KETAMINE; OPIATE; PROPOFOL; REMIFENTANIL; SUFENTANIL; THIOPENTAL;

ADULT; ANAPHYLAXIS; ANESTHESIA; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; INFANT; INTRAMUSCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MULTICENTER STUDY; NAUSEA; NEWBORN; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; VOMITING;

EID: 0032980710     PISSN: 00070912     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/bja/83.1.29     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Aldridge LM, Gordon NH. Propofol infusions for radiotherapy. Paediatr Anaesth 1992; 2: 133-7
2. Aland KJS, Hickey PR. Halothane-morphine compared with high-dose sufentanil for anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in neonatal cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 1-9
3. Aun CST, Short SM, Leung DHY, Oh TE. Induction dose-response of propofol in unpremedicated children. Br J Anaesth 1992; 68: 64-7
4. Aun CST, Short TG, O'Meara ME, Leung DHY, Rowbottom YM, Oh TE. Recovery after propofol infusion anaesthesia in children: comparison with propofol, thiopentone or halothane induction followed by halothane maintenance. Br J Anaesth 1994; 72: 554-8
5. Aun CST, Sung RYT, O'Meara ME, Short TG, Oh TE. Cardiovascular effects of i.v. induction in children: comparison between propofol and thiopentone. Br J Anaesth 1993; 70: 647-53
6. Bailey P, Egan T. Fentanyl and congeners. In: White PF, ed. Intravenous Anesthesia. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1997; 213-45
7. Bennett SN, McNeil MM, Bland LA, et al. Postoperative infections traced to contamination of an intravenous anesthetic, propofol. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 147-54
8. Beskow A, Werner O, Westrin P. Intravenous induction of general anaesthesia with eltanolone in children 6-15 years of age. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997; 41: 242-7
9. Boer F, Ros P, Bovill JG, Van Brummelen P, Van der Krogt J. Effect of propofol on peripheral vascular resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Anaesth 1990; 65: 184-9
10. Borgeat A, Dessibourg C, Popovic V, Meier D, Blanchard M, Schwander D. Propofol and spontaneous movements: an EEG study. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 24-7
11. Borgeat A, Fuchs T, Tassonyi E. Induction characteristics of 2% propofol in children. Br J Anaesth 1997; 78: 433-5
12. Borgeat A, Popovic V, Meier D, Schwander D. Comparison of propofol and thiopental/halothane for short duration ENT surgical procedures in children. Anesth Analg 1990; 71: 511-15
13. Borgeat A, Wilder-Smith OHG, Suter PM. The nonhypnotic therapeutic applications of propofol. Anesthesiology 1994; 80: 642-56
14. Browne BL, Prys-Roberts C, Wolf AR. Propofol and alfentanil in children: infusion technique and dose requirement for total i.v. anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1992; 69: 570-6
15. Carpenter RD, Sikich N, Levine M, Lerman J. Anaesthesia for insertion of ear tubes in children: comparison of propofol, thiopentone and halothane. Paediatr Anaesth 1997; 7: 25-31
16. Cauldwell CB, Fisher DM. Sedating pediatric patients: Is propofol a panacea? Radiology 1993; 186: 9-10
17. Coetzee A, Fourie P, Coetzee J, et al. Effect of various propofol plasma concentrations on regional myocardial contractility and left ventricular afterload. Anesth Analg 1989; 69: 473-83
18. Concas A, Santoro G, Serra M, Sanna E, Biggio G. Neurochemical action of the general anaesthetic propofol on the chloride ion channel coupled with GABAA receptors. Brain Res 1991; 542: 225-32
19. Cook RJ, Sackett DL. The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect. BMJ 1995; 310: 452-4
20. Cotsen MR, Donaldson JS, Uejima T, Morello FP. Efficacy of ketamine hydrochloride sedation in children for interventional radiologic procedures. Am J Roentgenol 1997; 169: 1019-22
21. Crawford MW, Lerman J, Sloan MH, Sikich N, Halpern L, Bissonnette B. Recovery characteristics of propofol anaesthesia, with and without nitrous oxide: a comparison with halothane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth 1998; 8: 49-54
22. Cullen PM, Turtle M, Prys-Roberts C, Way WL, Dye J. Effect of propofol anesthesia on baroreflex activity in humans. Anesth Analg 1987; 66: 1115-20
23. Cummings GC, Dixon J, Kay NH, et al. Dose requirements of ICI 35,868 (Propofol, 'Diprivan') in a new formulation for induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1984; 39: 1168-71
24. Davis PJ, Chopyk JB, Nazif M, Cook DR. Contiunous alfentanil infusion in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for complete oral restoration. J Clin Anesth 1991; 3: 125-30
25. Davis PJ, Killian A, Stiller RL, Cook DR, Guthrie RD, Scierka AM. Pharmacokinetics of alfentanil in newborn premature infants and older children. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1989; 13: 21-7
26. Davis PJ, Lerman J, Suresh S, et al. A randomized multicenter study of remifentanil compared with alfentanil, isoflurane, or propofol in anesthetized pediatric partients undergoing elective strabismus surgery. Anesth Analg 1997; 84: 982-9
27. Davis PJ, Ross A, Stiller RL, et al. Pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in anesthetized children 2-12 years of age. Anesth Analg 1995; 80: S93
28. Davis PJ, Stiller RL, Cook DR, Brandom BW, Davin-Robinson KA. Pharmacokinetics of sufentanil in adolescent patient with chronic renal failure. Anesth Analg 1988; 67: 268-71
29. Davis PJ, Stiller RL, Cook DR, Brandom BW, Davis JE, Scierka AM. Effects of cholestatic hepatic disease and chronic renal failure on alfentanil pharmacokinetics in children. Anesth Analg 1989; 68: 579-83
30. Doenicke AW, Roizen MF, Rau J, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol in a new solvent. Anesth Analg 1997; 85: 1399-403
31. Doyle E, McFadzean W, Morton NS. I.v. anaesthesia with propofol using a target-controlled infusion system: comparison with inhalation anaesthesia for general surgical procedures in children. Br J Anaesth 1993; 70: 542-5
32. Egan TD. Remifentanil pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: A preliminary appraisal. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 29: 80-94
33. Egan TD, Minto CF, Hermann DJ, Barr J, Muir KT, Shafer ST. Remifentanil versus alfentanil comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy adult male volunteers. Anesthesiology 1996; 84: 821-3
34. Fiset P, Mathers L, Engstrom R, et al. Pharmacokinetics of computer-controlled alfentanil administration in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 1995; 83: 944-55
35. Frankville DD, Spear RM, Dyck JB. The dose of propofol required to prevent children from moving during magnetic resonance imaging. Anesthesiology 1993; 79: 953-8
36. Frenkel C, Urban BW. Human brain sodium channels as one of the molecular target sites for the new intravenous anaesthetic propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol). Eur J Pharmacol 1991; 208: 75-9
37. Friesen RH, Morrison JE. The role of ketamine in the current practice of paediatric anaesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 1994; 4: 79-82
38. Gardner AE, Olson BE, Lichtiger M. Cerebrospinal-fluid pressure during dissociation anesthesia with ketamine. Anesthesiology 1971; 35: 226-8
39. Gepts E, Camu F, Cockshott ID, Douglas EJ. Disposition of propofol administered as constant rate intravenous infusions in humans. Anesth Analg 1987; 66: 1256-63
40. Goresky GV, Koren G, Sabourin MA, Sale JP, Strunin L. The pharmacokinetics of alfentanil in children. Anesthesiology 1987; 67: 654-9
41. Grant IS, Nimmo WS, McNicol LR, Clements JA. Ketamine disposition in children and adults. Br J Anaesth 1983; 55: 1107-11
42. Greeley WJ, deBruijn NP. Changes in sufentanil pharmacokinetics within the neonatal period. Anesth Analg 1988; 67: 86-90
43. Greeley WJ, deBruijn NP, Davis DP. Sufentanil pharmacokinetics in pediatric cardiovascular patients. Anesth Analg 1987; 66: 1067-72
44. Grubhofer G, Petcold R, Donner A, Klimscha W, Steuer J, Semsroth M. Facilitated tracheal intubation in infants: is propofol a safe alternative to atracurium? Paediatr Anaesth 1993; 3: 139-45
45. Guay J, Gaudreault P, Tang A, Goulet B, Varin F. Pharmacokinetics of sufentanil in normal children. Can J Anaesth 1992; 39: 14-20
46. 2 following intravenous ketamine in children. Anesthesiology 1989; 70: 422-5
47. Hannallah RS, Britton JT, Schafer PG, Patel RI, Norden JM. Propofol anaesthesia in paediatric ambulatory patients: a comparison with thiopentone and halothane. Can J Anaesth 1994; 41: 12-18
48. Harling DW, Harrison DA, Dorman T, Barker I. A comparison of thiopentone/isoflurane anaethesia vs propofol infusion in children having repeat minor haematological procedures. Paediatr Anaesth 1997; 7: 19-23
49. Hartvig P, Larsson E, Joachimsson PO. Postoperative analgesia and sedation following pediatric cardiac surgery using a constant infusion of ketamine. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1993; 7: 148-53
50. Hatch DJ. Propofol in paediatric intensive care. Br J Anaesth 1997; 79: 274-5
51. Hemelrijck JV, Muller P, Aken HV, White PF. Relative potency of eltanolone, propofol, and thiopental for induction of anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1994; 80: 36-41
52. Hemelrijck JV, Weekers F, Aken HV, Bouillon R, Heyns W. Propofol anesthesia does not inhibit stimulation of cortisol synthesis. Anesth Analg 1995; 80: 573-6
53. Hickey PR, Hansen DD. Fentanyl- and sufentanil-oxygen-pancuronium anesthesia for cardiac surgery in infants. Anesth Analg 1984; 63: 117-24
54. Jones RDM, Chan K, Andrew LJ. Pharmacokinetics of propofol in children. Br J Anaesth 1990; 65: 661-7
55. Kain ZN, Gaal DJ, Kain TS, Jaeger DD, Rimar S. A first-pass cost analysis of propofol versus barbiturates for children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Anesth Analg 1994; 79: 1102-6
56. Kapila A, Glass PS, Jacobs JR, et al. Measured context sensitivity half-times of remifentanil and alfentanil. Anesthesiology 1995; 83: 968-75
57. Kataria BK, Ved SA, Nicodemus HF, et al. The pharmacokinetics of propofol in children using three different data analysis approaches. Anesthesiology 1994; 80: 104-22
58. Kern FH, Ungerleider RM, Jacobs JR, et al. Computerized continuous infusion of intravenous anesthetic drugs during pediatric cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 1991; 72: 487-92
59. Kulkarni P, Brown KA. Ventilatory parameters in children during propofol anaesthesia: a comparison with halothane. Can J Anaesth 1996; 43: 653-9
60. Laxenaire MC, Mata-Bermejo E, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Gueant JL. Life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions to propofol (Diprivan). Anesthesiology 1992; 77: 275-80
61. Lebovic S, Reich DL, Steinberg G, Vela FP, Silvay G. Comparison of propofol versus katamine for anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Anesth Analg 1992; 74: 490-4
62. MacIntyre PA, Sury MRJ. Is propofol infusion better than inhalational anaesthesia for paediatric MRI? Anaesthesia 1996; 51: 517
63. Maldini B. Ketamine anaesthesia in children with acute burns and scalds. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1996; 40: 1108-11
64. Marlow N, Weindling AM, Van Peer A, Heykants J. Alfentanil pharmacokinetics in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 1990; 65: 349-51
65. Marsh B, White M, Morton N, Kenny GNC. Pharmacokinetic model driven infusion of propofol in children. Br J Anaesth 1991; 67: 41-8
66. Martin PH, Murphy BVS, Petros AJ. Metabolic, biochemical and haemodynamic effects of infusion of propofol for long-term sedation of children undergoing intensive care. Br J Anaesth 1997; 79: 276-9
67. Martlew RA, Meakin G, Wadsworth R, Sharples A, Baker RD. Dose of propofol for laryngeal mask airway insertion in children: effect of premedication with midazolam. Br J Anaesth 1996; 76: 308-9
68. McKenzie AJ, Couchman KG, Pollock N. Propofol is a 'safe' anaesthetic agent in malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 1992; 20: 165-8
69. Meissner PN, Harrison GG, Hift RJ. Propofol as an i.v. anaesthetic induction agent in variegate porphyria. Br J Anaesth 1991; 66: 60-5
70. Meistelman C, Saint-Maurice C, Lepaul MI, Levron JC, Loose JP, Mac Gee K. A comparison of alfentanil pharmacokinetics in children and adults. Anesthesiology 1987; 66: 13-16
71. Moore RA, Yang SS, McNicholas KW, Gallagher JD, Clark DL. Hemodynamic and anesthetic effects of sufentanil as the sole anesthetic for pediatric cardiovascular surgery. Anesthesiology 1985; 62: 725-31
72. Moore WJ, Underwood S, Davy H. Propofol as sole agent for paediatric day-case dental surgery. Anaesthesia 1994; 49: 811-13
73. Morray JP, Lynn AM, Stamm SJ, Herndon PS, Kawabori I, Stevenson JG. Hemodynamic effects of ketamine in children with congenital heart disease. Anesth Analg 1984; 63: 895-9
74. Morton NS. Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in paediatrics: advantages and disadvantages. Paediatr Anaesth 1998; 8: 189-94
75. Morton NS, Johnston G, White M, Marsh BJ. Propofol in paediatric anaesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 1992; 2: 89-97
76. Morton NS, Wee M, Christie G, Gray IG, Grant IS. Propofol for induction of anaesthesia in children. A comparison with thiopentone and halothane inhalational induction. Anaesthesia 1988; 43: 350-5
77. Murat I, Billard V, Vernois J, et al. Pharmacokinetics of propofol after a single dose in children aged 1-3 years with minor burns. Anesthesiology 1996; 84: 526-32
78. Patel DK, Keeling PA, Newman GB, Radford P. Induction dose of propofol in children. Anaesthesia 1988; 43: 949-52
79. Pokela ML, Ryhanen PT, Koivisto ME, Olkkola KT, Saukkonen AL. Alfentanil-induced rigidity in newborn infants. Anesth Analg 1992; 75: 252-7
80. Purcell-Jones G, James IG. The characteristics of propofol ('Diprivan') for induction of general anaesthesia for paediatric surgery. Postgrad Med J 1985; 61 (Suppl. 3): 115
81. Puttick N, Rosen M. Propofol induction and maintenance with nitrous oxide in paediatric outpatient dental anaesthesia. A comparison with thiopentone-nitrous oxide-halothane. Anaesthesia 1988; 43: 646-9
82. Raoof AA, Van Obbergh LJ, Verbeeck RK. Propofol pharmacokinetics in children with biliary atresia. Br J Anaesth 1995; 74: 46-9
83. Reed MD, Blumer JL. Propofol bashing: The time to stop is now! Crit Care Med 1996; 24: 175-7
84. Reed MD, Yamashita TS, Marx CM, Myers CM, Blumer JL. A pharmacokinetically based propofol dosing strategy for sedation of the critically ill, mechanically ventilated pediatric patient. Crit Care Med 1996; 24: 1473-81
85. Reich DL, Silvay G. Ketamine: an update on the first twenty-five years of clinical experience. Can J Anaesth 1989; 36: 186-97
86. Reimer EJ, Montgomery CJ, Bevan JC, Merrick PM, Blackstock D, Popovic V. Propofol anaesthesia reduces early postoperative emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery. Can Anaesth Soc J 1993; 40: 927-33
87. Rossi MA, Chan CK, Christensen JD, DeGuzman EJ, Durieux ME. Interactions between propofol and lipid mediator receptors: Inhibition of lysophosphatidate signaling. Anesth Analg 1996; 83: 1090-6
88. Roure P, Jean N, Leclerc AC, Cabanel N, Levron JC, Duvaldestin P. Pharmacokinetics of alfentanil in children undergoing surgery. Br J Anaesth 1987; 59: 1437-40
89. Runcie CJ, Mackenzie SJ, Arthur DS, Morton NS. Comparison of recovery from anaesthesia induced in children with either propofol or thiopentone. Br J Anaesth 1993; 70: 192-5
90. Saint-Maurice C, Cockshott ID, Douglas EJ, Richard MO, Harmey JL. Pharmacokinetics of propofol in young children after a single dose. Br J Anaesth 1989; 63: 667-70
91. Schrum SF, Hannallah RS, Verghese PM, Welborn LG, Norden JM, Ruttiman U. Comparison of propofol and thiopental for rapid anesthesia induction in infants. Anesth Analg 1994; 78: 482-5
92. Schuttler J, Kloos S, Ihmsen H, Pelzer E. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of S(+) ketamine vs racemic ketamine: a randomized double blind study in volunteers. Anesthesiology 1992; 77: A330
93. Schuttler J, Zsigmond EK, White PF. Ketamine and its isomers. In: White PF, ed. Textbook of Intravenous Anesthesia. Media Pennsylvania: Williams & Wilkins, 1997; 171-88
94. Scott JC, Ponganis KV, Stanski DR. EEG quantitation of narcotic effect: The comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil. Anesthesiology 1985; 62: 234-41
95. Selinger K, Nation RL, Smith A. Enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis of remifentanil. Anesthesiology 1995; 83: A385
96. Shafer SL. Advances in propofol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. J Clin Anesth 1993; 5 (Suppl. 1): 14-21S
97. Shafer SL, Varvel JR. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and rational opioid selection. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 53-63
98. Sharples A, Shaw EA, Meakin G. Recovery times following induction of anaesthesia with propofol, methohexitone, enflurane or thiopentone in children. Paediatr Anaesth 1994; 4: 101-4
99. Short TG, Aun CST, Tan P, Wong J, Tam YH, Oh TE. A prospective evaluation of pharmacokinetic model controlled infusion of propofol in paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth 1994; 72: 302-6
100. Shulman D, Beardsmore CS, Aronson HB, Godfrey S. The effect of ketamine on the functional residual capacity in young children. Anesthesiology 1985; 62: 551-6
101. Smith MT, Eadie MJ, Brophy T. The pharmacokinetics of midazolam in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 19: 271-8
102. Snellen FT, Vanacker B, Aken HV. Propofol-nitrous oxide versus thiopental sodium-isoflurane-nitrous oxide for strabismus surgery in children. J Clin Anesth 1993; 5: 37-41
103. Sussman DR. A comparative evaluation of ketamine anesthesia in children and adults. Anesthesiology 1974; 40: 459-64
104. Tessler M, Dascal A, Gioseffini S, Miller M, Mendelson J. Growth curves of staphycoccus aureus, candida albicans, and Moraxella osloensis in propofol and other media. Can J Anaesth 1992; 39: 509-11
105. Tramer M, Moore A, McQuay H. Prevention of vomiting after paediatric strabismus surgery: a systemic review using the numbers-need-to-treat method. Br J Anaesth 1995; 75: 556-61
106. Tramer MR, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. Propofol and bradycardia: causation, frequency and severity. Br J Anaesth 1997; 78: 642-51
107. Valtonen M. Anaesthesia for computerised tomography of the brain in children: a comparison of propofol and thiopentone. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1989; 33: 170-3
108. Ved SA, Walden TL, Montana J, et al. Vomiting and recovery after outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children: Comparison of four anesthetic techniques using nitrous oxide with halothane or propofol. Anesthesiology 1996; 85: 4-10
109. Wachtel RE, Wegrzynowicz ES. Kinetics of nicotinic acetylcholine ion channels in the presence of intravenous anaesthetics and induction agents. Br J Pharmacol 1992; 106: 623-7
110. Watcha MF, Simeon RM, White PF, Stevens JL. Effect of propofol on the incidence of postoperative vomiting after strabismus surgery in pediatric outpatients. Anesthesiology 1991; 75: 204-9
111. Westmoreland CL, Hoke JF, Sebel PS, Hug CC, Muir KT. Pharmacokinetics of remifentanil (G187084B) and its major metabolite (G190291) in patients undergoing elective inpatient surgery. Anesthesiology 1993; 79: 893-903
112. Westrin P. The induction dose of propofol in infants 1-6 months of age and in children 10-16 years of age. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 455-8
113. White PF, Johnston RR, Pudwill CR. Interaction of ketamine and halothane in rats. Anesthesiology 1972; 42: 179-207
114. Zheng D, Upton RN, Martinez A, Grant C, Ludbrook GL. The influence of the bolus injection rate of propofol on its cardiovascular effects and peak blood concentrations in sheep. Anesth Analg 1998; 86: 1109-15