From in utero and childhood exposure to parental smoking to childhood cancer: A possible link and the need for action

Human and Experimental Toxicology

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 192-201

  Sasco, Annie J ^a   Vainio, Harri ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER   (France)

Author keywords

Brain tumour; Childhood cancer; Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS); Epidemiology; Lymphoma leukaemia (ANLL, ALL, AML); Smoking (maternal, paternal, parental)

Indexed keywords

TOBACCO SMOKE;

BRAIN TUMOR; CANCER RISK; CHILDHOOD CANCER; CONFERENCE PAPER; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN; LEUKEMIA; LYMPHOMA; MEDICAL LITERATURE; PARENT; PASSIVE SMOKING; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 0032951688     PISSN: 09603271     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/096032799678839905     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (115)

1. Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: lung cancer and other disorders. Washington DC, Environmental Protection Agency, 1992.
2. Sasco AJ. Conséquences du tabagisme sur la mère et l'enfant. Revue du Praticien 1993; 43: 1227-1229.
3. Sasco AJ. Evolution of smoking among women in Europe 1999; In press.
4. Counsilman JJ, Mackay EV. Smoking habits of pregnant women in Brisbane, Australia. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1985; 25: 244-247.
5. Health Education Authority. Smoking and pregnancy. A survey of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. London, Health Education Authority, 1996.
6. Rubin PC, Craig GF, Gavin K, Sumner D. Prospective survey of use of therapeutic drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes during pregnancy. British Medical Journal 1986; 292: 81-83.
7. Wergeland E, Strand K, Bjerkedal T. Smoking in pregnancy: a way to cope with excessive work-load? Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 1996; 14: 21-28.
8. Wakefield M, et al. Characteristics associated with smoking cessation during pregnancy among working class women. Addiction 1993; 88: 1423-1430.
9. Hofvendahl E, Hofvendahl S, Wallander B. Is smoking in pregnancy interrelated between generations? Acta Pædiatrica 1997; 86: 1224-1228.
10. Evans HJ, Fletcher J, Torrance M, Hargreave TB. Sperm abnormalities and cigarette smoking. The Lancet 1981; 1: 627-629.
11. Vine MF. Smoking and male reproduction: a review. International Journal of Andrology 1996; 19: 323-337.
12. Rebagliato M, Bolumar F, Florey C. du V. Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in nonsmoking pregnant women in different environments of daily living. American Journal of Epidemiology 1995; 142: 525-530.
13. Crawford FG, et al. Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke in preschool children and their mothers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1994; 86: 1398-1402.
14. Sweda EL, Gottlieb MA, Porfiri RC. Protecting children from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Tobacco Control 1998; 7: 1-2.
15. Ashley MJ, Ferrence R. Reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in homes: issues and strategies. Tobacco Control 1998; 7: 61-65.
16. Lund KE, Skrondal A, Vertio H, Helgason AR. To what extent do parents strive to protect their children from environmental tobacco smoke in the Nordic countries? A population-based study. Tobacco Control 1998; 7: 56-60.
17. Eskenazi B, Prehn AW, Christianson RE. Passive and active maternal smoking as measured by serum cotinine: the effect on birthweight. American Journal of Public Health 1995; 85: 395-398.
18. Haddow JE, Knight GJ, Palomaki GE, Haddow PK. Estimating fetal morbidity and mortality resulting from cigarette smoke exposure by measuring cotinine levels in maternal serum. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1988; 281: 289-300.
19. Nafstad P, et al. Fetal exposure to tobacco smoke products: a comparison between self-reported maternal smoking and concentrations of cotinine and thiocyanate in cord serum. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1996; 75: 902-907.
20. Perkins SL, Belcher JM, Livesey JF. A Canadian tertiary care centre study of maternal and umbilical cord cotinine levels as markers of smoking during pregnancy: relationship to neonatal effects. Canadian Journal of Public Health 1997; 88: 232-237.
21. Hauth JC, et al. Passive smoking and thiocyanate concentrations in pregnant women and newborns. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1984; 63: 519-522.
22. Eliopoulos C, et al. Hair concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in women and their newborn infants. Journal of the American Medical Association 1994; 271: 621-623.
23. Eliopoulos C, et al. Nicotine and cotinine in maternal and neonatal hair as markers of gestational smoking. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 1996; 19: 231-242.
24. Kintz P, Mangin P. Evidence of gestational heroin or nicotine exposure by analysis of fetal hair. Forensic Science International 1993; 63: 99-104.
25. Klein J, Chitayat D, Koren G. Hair analysis as a marker for fetal exposure to maternal smoking. The New England Journal of Medicine 1993; 328: 66-67.
26. Klein J, Forman R, Eliopoulos C, Koren G. A method for simultaneous measurement of cocaine and nicotine in neonatal hair. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 1994; 16: 67-70.
27. Koren G, et al. Biological markers of intrauterine exposure to cocaine and cigarette smoking. Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1992; 18: 228-236.
28. Ostrea EM, et al. Meconium analysis to assess fetal exposure to nicotine by active and passive maternal smoking. Journal of Pediatrics 1994; 124: 471-476.
29. Parazzini F, et al. Validity of self-reported smoking habits in pregnancy: a saliva cotinine analysis. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1996; 75: 352-354.
30. Woodward A, Grgurinovich N, Ryan P. Breast feeding and smoking hygiene: major influences on cotinine in urine of smokers' infants. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1986; 40: 309-315.
31. Rebagliato M, et al. Variations in cotinine levels in smokers during and after pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998; 178: 568-571.
32. Greenberg RA, et al. Passive smoking during the first year of life. American Journal of Public Health 1991; 81: 850-853.
33. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans. Volume 38. Tobacco smoking. Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1986.
34. Everson RB. Individuals transplacentally exposed to maternal smoking may be at increased cancer risk in adult life. The Lancet 1980; 2: 123-127.
35. Sorsa M, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K. Assessment of passive and transplacental exposure to tobacco smoke. In: Bartsch H, Hemminki K, O'Neill IK (eds) Methods for detecting DNA damaging agents in humans: applications in cancer epidemiology and prevention. Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer 1988: pp 129-132.
36. Sorsa M, et al. Cytogenetic effects of tobacco smoke exposure among involuntary smokers. Mutation Research 1989; 222: 111-116.
37. Hammond SK, et al. Relationship between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and carcinogen-hemoglobin adduct levels in nonsmokers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1993; 85: 474-478.
38. Lähdetie J, et al. Maternal smoking induced cotinine levels and genotoxicity in second trimester amniotic fluid. Mutation Research 1993; 300: 37-43.
39. Branner B, et al. Haemoglobin adducts from aromatic amines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in pregnant smoking and non-smoking women. Biomarkers 1998; 3: 35-47.
40. Coghlin J, et al. 4-Aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adducts in fetuses exposed to the tobacco smoke carcinogen in utero. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1991; 83: 274-280.
41. Autrup H, Vestergaard AB, Okkels H. Transplacental transfer of environmental genotoxins: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-albumin in non-smoking women, and the effect of maternal GSTM1 genotype. Carcinogenesis 1995; 16: 1305-1309.
42. Ammenheuser MM, et al. Elevated frequencies of hprt mutant lymphocytes in cigarette-smoking mothers and their newborns. Mutation Research 1994; 304: 285-294.
43. Finette BA, Poseno T, Vacek PM, Albertini RJ. The effects of maternal cigarette smoke exposure on somatic mutant frequencies at the hprt locus in healthy newborns. Mutation Research 1997; 377: 115-123.
44. Ramsey MJ, et al. The effects of age and lifestyle factors on the accumulation of cytogenetic damage as measured by chromosome painting. Mutation Research 1995; 338: 95-106.
45. Sardas S, Walker D, Akyol D, Karakaya AE. Assessment of smoking-induced DNA damage in lymphocytes of smoking mothers of newborn infants using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis technique. Mutation Research 1995; 335: 213-217.
46. Shulman LP, et al. Sister chromatid exchange frequency in directly prepared cytotrophoblasts: demonstration of in vivo deoxyribonucleic acid damage in pregnant women who smoke cigarettes. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1991; 165: 1877-1880.
47. Whyatt RM, et al. CYP1A1 messenger RNA levels in placental tissue as a biomarker of environmental exposure. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 1995; 4: 147-153.
48. Ahlsten G, Ewald U, Tuvemo T. Maternal smoking reduces prostacyclin formation in human umbilical arteries. A study on strictly selected pregnancies. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1986; 65: 645-649.
49. Boden AG, et al. Human placental cytochrome P450 and quinone reductase enzyme induction in relation to maternal smoking. Reproduction, Fertility, Development 1995; 7: 1521-1524.
50. Sasco AJ. Passive smoking: a methodological challenge, a public health reality. In: Sasco AJ, Dubois G (eds). Passive smoking, the health impact. Paris, Comité National Contre le Tabagisme, 1999; In press.
51. National Health and Medical Research Council. The health effects of passive smoking. Canberra, National Health and Medical Research Council, 1997.
52. Norman MA, Holly EA, Preston-Martin S. Childhood brain tumors and exposure to tobacco smoke. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 1996; 5: 85-91.
53. Ross JA, Davies SM, Potter JD, Robison LL. Epidemiology of childhood leukemia, with a focus on infants. Epidemiologic Reviews 1994; 16: 243-272.
54. Preston-Martin S. Epidemiological studies of perinatal carcinogenesis. In: Napalkov NP, Rice JM, Tomatis L, Yamasaki H (eds). Perinatal and Multigeneration Carcinogenesis. Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1989; pp 289-314.
55. Trédaniel J, et al. Exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy and childhood, and cancer risk: the epidemiological evidence. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 1994; 8: 233-255.
56. Little J, Vainio H. Mutagenic lifestyles? A review of evidence of associations between germ-cell mutations in humans and smoking, alcohol consumption and use of 'recreational' drugs. Mutation Research 1994; 313: 131-151.
57. Seidman DS, Mashiach S. Involuntary smoking and pregnancy. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 1991; 41: 105-116.
58. Oncken C. Nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy. American Journal of Health Behavior 1996; 20: 300-303.
59. Oncken CA, et al. Effects of short-term use of nicotine gum in pregnant smokers. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1966; 59: 654-661.
60. Wright LN, et al. Transdermal nicotine replacement in pregnancy: maternal pharmacokinetics and fetal effects. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1997; 176: 1090-1094.
61. Norman MA, et al. Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke and childhood brain tumors: results from the United States West Coast childhood brain tumor study. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 1996; 5: 127-133.
62. Birch JM, et al. The inter-regional epidemiological study of childhood cancer (IRESCC): case-control study of children with central nervous system tumours. British Journal of Neurosurgery 1990; 4: 17-25.
63. Hartley AL, et al. The inter-regional epidemiological study of childhood cancer (IRESCC): case-control study of children with bone and soft tissue sarcomas. British Journal of Cancer 1988; 58: 838-842.
64. Johnston HE, et al. The inter-regional, epidemiological study of childhood cancer (IRESCC): case-control study in children with germ cell tumours. Carcinogenesis 1986; 7: 717-722.
65. McKinney PA, Stiller CA. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of childhood cancer. The Lancet 1986; 2: 519-520.
66. McKinney PA, et al. The inter-regional epidemiological study of childhood cancer (IRESCC): a case-control study of aetiological factors in leukaemia and lymphoma. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1987; 62: 279-287.
67. Olshan AF, et al. Risk factors for Wilms tumor. Report from the National Wilms Tumor Study. Cancer 1993; 72: 938-944.
68. Buckley JD, et al. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of childhood cancer. The Lancet 1986; 2: 519-520.
69. Buckley JD, et al. A case-control study of risk factors for hepatoblastoma. A report from the Children's Cancer Study Group. Cancer 1989; 64: 1169-1176.
70. Bunin GR, et al. Pre and post conception factors associated with sporadic heritable and non heritable retinoblastoma. Cancer Research 1989; 49: 5730-5735.
71. Bunin GR, et al. Risk factors for astrocytic glioma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the brain in young children: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 1994; 3: 197-204.
72. Robison LL, et al. Maternal drug use and risk of childhood nonlymphoblastic leukemia among offspring. An epidemiologic investigation implicating marijuana (a report from the Children's Cancer Study Group). Cancer 1989; 63: 1904-1911.
73. Ross JA, et al. Evaluating the relationships among maternal reproductive history, birth characteristics, and infant leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Annals of Epidemiology 1997; 7: 172-179.
74. Severson RK, et al. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption by parents of children with acute myeloid leukemia: an analysis within morphological subgroups: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 1993; 2: 433-439.
75. Shu XO, et al. An exploratory analysis of risk factors for childhood malignant germ-cell tumors: report from the Children's Cancer Group (Canada, United States). Cancer Causes and Control 1995; 6: 187-198.
76. Shu XO, et al. Parental alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and risk of infant leukemia: a Children's Cancer Group Study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1996; 88: 24-31.
77. Klebanoff MA, Clemens JD, Read JS. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology 1996; 144: 1028-1033.
78. Winn DM, et al. A case-control study of the etiology of Ewing's sarcoma. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 1992; 1: 525-532.
79. Stjernfeldt M, Berglund K, Lindsten J, Ludvigsson J. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of childhood cancer. The Lancet 1986; 1: 1350-1352.
80. Stjernfeldt M, Berglund K, Lindsten J, Ludvigsson J. Maternal smoking and irradiation during pregnancy as risk factors for child leukemia. Cancer Detection and Prevention 1992; 16: 129-135.
81. van Duijn CM, van Steensel-Moll HA, Coebergh JWW, van Zanen GE. Risk factors for childhood acute non-lymphocytic leukemia: an association with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy? Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 1994; 3: 457-460.
82. van Steensel-Moll HA, Valkenburg HA, Vandenbroucke JP, van Zanen GE. Are maternal fertility problems related to childhood leukaemia? International Journal of Epidemiology 1985; 14: 555-559.
83. Cordier S, et al. Incidence and risk factors for childhood brain tumors in the Ile de France. International Journal of Cancer 1994; 59: 776-782.
84. Filippini G, et al. Mothers' active and passive smoking during pregnancy and risk of brain tumours in children. International Journal of Cancer 1994; 57: 769-774.
85. Gold EB, et al. Parental smoking and risk of childhood brain tumors. American Journal of Epidemiology 1993; 137: 620-628.
86. Bunin GR, Kramer S, Marrero O, Meadows AT. Gestational risk factors for Wilms' tumor: results of a case-control study. Cancer Research 1987; 47: 2972-2977.
87. Kramer S, Ward E, Meadows AT, Malone KE. Medical and drug risk factors associated with neuroblastoma: a case-control study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1987; 78: 797-804.
88. Kuijten RR, Bunin GR, Nass CC, Meadows AT. Gestational and familial risk factors for childhood astrocytoma: results of a case-control study. Cancer Research 1990; 50: 2608-2612.
89. Preston-Martin S, Yu MC, Benton B, Henderson BE. N-Nitroso compounds and childhood brain tumors: a case-control study. Cancer Research 1982; 42: 5240-5245.
90. Schwartzbaum JA, George SL, Pratt CB, Davis B. An exploratory study of environmental and medical factors potentially related to childhood cancer. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 1991; 19: 115-121.
91. Schwartzbaum JA. Influence of the mother's prenatal drug consumption on risk of neuroblastoma in the child. American Journal of Epidemiology 1992; 135: 1358-1367.
92. Gold E, Gordis J, Tonascia J, Szklo M. Risk factors for brain tumors in children. American Journal of Epidemiology 1979; 109: 309-319.
93. Grufferman S, et al. Environmental factors in the etiology of rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1982; 68: 107-113.
94. John EM, Savitz DA, Sandler DP. Prenatal exposure to parents' smoking and childhood cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology 1991; 133: 123-132.
95. Hinds MW, Kolonel LN. Maternal smoking and cancer risk to offspring. The Lancet 1980; 2: 703.
96. Stewart A, Webb J, Hewitt D. A survey of childhood malignancies. British Medical Journal 1958; 1: 1495-1508.
97. Sorahan T, et al. Childhood cancer and parental use of alcohol and tobacco. Annals of Epidemiology 1995; 5: 354-359.
98. Sorahan T, et al. Childhood cancer and parental use of tobacco: deaths from 1953 to 1955. British Journal of Cancer 1997; 75: 134-138.
99. Sorahan T, et al. Childhood cancer and parental use of tobacco: deaths from 1971 to 1976. British Journal of Cancer 1997; 76: 1525-1531.
100. Seersholm N, Hertz H, Olsen JH. Cancer in the offspring of parents with lung cancer. European Journal of Cancer 1997; 33: 2376-2379.
101. Forsberg JG, Källén B. Pregnancy and delivery characteristics of women whose infants develop child cancer. A study based on registry information. APMIS 1990; 98: 37-42.
102. Linet MS, et al. Maternal and perinatal risk factors for childhood brain tumors (Sweden). Cancer Causes and Control 1996; 7: 437-448.
103. Pershagen G, Ericson A, Otterblad-Olausson P. Maternal smoking in pregnancy: does it increase the risk of childhood cancer? International Journal of Epidemiology 1992; 21: 1-5.
104. Magnani C, et al. Risk factors for soft tissue sarcomas in childhood: a case-control study. Tumori 1989; 75: 396-400.
105. Magnani C, Pastore G, Luzzatto L, Terracini B. Parental occupation and other environmental factors in the etiology of leukemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in childhood: a case-control study. Tumori 1990; 76: 413-419.
106. Neutel CI, Buck C. Effect of smoking during pregnancy on the risk of cancer in children. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1971; 47: 59-63.
107. Howe GR, et al. An exploratory case-control study of brain tumors in children. Cancer Research 1989; 49: 4349-4352.
108. McCredie M, Maisonneuve P, Boyle P. Antenatal risk factors for malignant brain tumours in New South Wales children. International Journal of Cancer 1994; 56: 6-10.
109. Ji BT, et al. Paternal cigarette smoking and the risk of childhood cancer among offspring of nonsmoking mothers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1997; 89: 238-244.
110. Golding J, Paterson M, Kinlen LJ. Factors associated with childhood cancer in a national cohort study. British Journal of Cancer 1990; 62: 304-308.
111. Manning MD, Carroll BE. Some epidemiological aspects of leukemia in children. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1957; 19: 1087-1094.
112. Sasco AJ, Little J. Epidémiologie des tumeurs de l'enfant. Cancérologie Aujourd'hui 1992; 1: 23-31.
113. Horton R. The new public health of risk and radical engagement. The Lancet 1998; 352: 251-252.
114. Barnes DE, Bero LA. Why review articles on the health effects of passive smoking reach different conclusions. Journal of the American Medical Association 1998; 279; 1566-1570.
115. California Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental tobacco smoke. Final report. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1997.