Brain injury after cerebral arterial air embolism in the rabbit as determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining

Anesthesiology

Volumn 90, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 1462-1473

  Hindman, Bradley J ^a   Dexter, Franklin ^b   Subieta, Alberto ^b   Smith, Tom ^b   Cutkomp, Johann ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSPITALS AND CLINICS   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Image analysis; Somatosensory evoked potentials

Indexed keywords

AIR EMBOLISM; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN INJURY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EVOKED SOMATOSENSORY RESPONSE; IMAGE ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RABBIT; SCORING SYSTEM;

ANIMALS; BRAIN DISEASES; EMBOLISM, AIR; EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY; INTRACRANIAL EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS; RABBITS; STAINING AND LABELING; TETRAZOLIUM SALTS;

EID: 0032941441     PISSN: 00033022     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199905000-00032     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Pugsley W, Klinger L, Paschalis C, Treasure T, Harrison M, Newman S: The impact of microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass on neuropsychological functioning. Stroke 1994; 25:1393-9
2. O'Brien JJ, Butterworth J, Hammon JW, Morris KJ, Phipps JM, Stump DA: Cerebral emboli during cardiac surgery in children. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1997; 87:1063-9
3. Smith JL, Evans DH, Fan L, Gaunt ME, London NJM, Bell PRF, Naylor AR: Interpretation of embolic phenomena during carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 1995; 26:2281-4
4. Spencer MP: Transcranial Dopper monitoring and causes of stroke from carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 1997; 28:685-91
5. Ackerstaff RGA, Jansen C, Moll FL, Vermeulen FEE, Hamerlijnck RPHM, Mauser HW: The significance of microemboli detection by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography monitoring in carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 1995; 21:963-9
6. Helps SC, Meyer-Witting M, Reilly PL, Gorman DF: Increasing doses of intracarotid air and cerebral blood flow in rabbits. Stroke 1990; 21:1340-5
7. Reasoner DK, Hindman BJ, Dexter F, Subieta A, Cutkomp J, Smith T: Doxycycline reduces early neurologic impairment after cerebral arterial air embolism in the rabbit. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1997; 87:569-76
8. Ryu KH, Hindman BJ, Reasoner DK, Dexter F: Heparin reduces neurological impairment after cerebral arterial air embolism in the rabbit. Stroke 1996; 27:303-10
9. Hindman BJ, Dexter F, Enomoto S, Subieta A, Smith T, Cutkomp J: Recovery of evoked potential amplitude after cerebral arterial air embolism in the rabbit. A comparison of the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass with normal circulation. ANESTHESIOLOGY 1998; 88:696-707
10. de la Torre E, Meredith J, Netsky MG: Cerebral air embolism in the dog. Arch Neurol 1962; 6:307-16
11. Garcia JH, Klatzo I, Archer T, Lossinsky AS: Arterial air embolism: Structural effects on the gerbil brain. Stroke 1981; 12:414-21
12. 2, indomethacin, and heparin promote postischemic neuronal recovery in dogs. Ann Neurol 1982; 12:145-56
13. Lee JC, Olszewski J: Effect of air embolism on permeability of cerebral blood vessels. Neurology 1959; 9:619-25
14. Nishimoto K, Wolman M, Spatz M, Klatzo I: Pathophysiologic correlations in the blood-brain barrier damage due to air embolism. Adv Neurol 1978; 20:237-44
15. Bederson JB, Pitts LH, Germano SM, Nishimura MC, Davis RL, Bartkowski HM: Evaluation of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride as a stain for detection and quantification of experimental cerebral infarction in rats. Stroke 1986; 17:1304-8
16. Isayama K, Pitts LH, Nishimura MC: Evaluation of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining to delineate rat brain infarct. Stroke 1991; 22:1394-8
17. Bednar MM, Fanburg JC, Anderson ML, Raymond SJ, Dooley RH, Gross CE: Comparison of triphenyltetrazolium dye with light microscopic evaluation in a rabbit model of acute cerebral ischaemia. Neurol Res 1994; 16:129-32
18. Perri BR, Smith DH, Murai H, Sinson G, Saatman KE, Raghupathi R, Bartus RT, McInthosh TK: Metabolic quantification of lesion volume following experimental traumatic brain injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma 1997; 14:15-22
19. Liszcak TM, Hedley-Whyte ET, Adams JF, Kolluri VS, Vacanti FX, Heros RC, Zervas NT: Limitations of tetrazolium salts in delineating infarcted brain. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1984; 65:150-7
20. Reasoner DK, Dexter F, Hindman BJ, Subieta A, Todd MM: Somatosensory evoked potentials correlate with neurologic outcome in rabbits undergoing cerebral air embolism. Stroke 1996; 27:1859-64
21. Baker AJ, Zornow MH, Grafe MR, Scheller MS, Skilling SR, Smulin DH, Larson AA: Hypothermia prevents ischemia-induced increases in hippocampal glycine concentrations in rabbits. Stroke 1991; 22:666-73
22. de la Torre E, Mitchel OC, Netsky MG: The seat of respiratory and cardiovascular responses to cerebral air emboli. Neurology 1962; 12:140-7
23. Durant TM, Oppenheimer MJ, Webster MR, Long J: Arterial air embolism. Am Heart J 1949; 38:481-500
24. Menkin M, Schwartzman RJ: Cerebral air embolism. Arch Neurol 1977; 34:168-70
25. Lar LW, Lai LC, Ren LW: Massive arterial embolism during cardiac operation: Successful treatment in a hyperbaric chamber under 3 ATA (letter). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990; 100:928-30
26. Armon C, Deschamps C, Adkinson C, Fealey RD, Orszulak TA: Hyperbaric treatment of cerebral air embolism sustained during an open-heart surgical procedure. Mayo Clin Proc 1991; 66:565-71
27. Goldenberg I, Shupak A, Shoshani O, Boulos M: Left ventriculography complicated by cerebral air embolism. Cathet Cardiovasc Diag 1995; 35:331-4
28. Annane D, Troché G, Delisle F, Devauchelle P, Hassine D, Paraire F, Raphaël JC, Gajdos P: Kinetics of elimination and acute consequences of cerebral air embolism. J Neuroimag. 1995; 5:183-9
29. Markus H, Loh A, Israel D, Buckenham T, Clifton A, Brown MM: Microscopic air embolism during cerebral angiography and strategies for its avoidance. Lancet 1993; 341:784-7
30. Kaps M, Hansen J, Weiher M, Tiffert K, Kayser I, Droste DW: Clinically silent microemboli in patients with artificial prosthetic aortic valves are predominantly gaseous and not solid. Stroke 1997; 28:322-5
31. Cochran RP, Kunzelman KS, Vocelka CR, Akimoto H, Thomas R, Soltow LO, Spiess BD: Perflurocarbon emulsion in the cardiopulmonary bypass prime reduces neurologic injury. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 63:1326-32
32. Steinberg GK, De La Paz R, Mitchell RS, Bell TE, Albers GW: MR and cerebrospinal fluid enzymes as sensitive indicators of subclinical cerebral injury after open-heart valve replacement surgery. Am J Neuroradiol 1996; 17:205-12
33. McConnell JR, Fleming WH, Chu WK, Hahn FJ, Sarafian LB, Hofschire PJ, Kugler JD: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in infants and children before and after cardiac surgery. Am J Dis Child 1990; 144:374-8
34. Schmidt R, Fazekas F, Offenbacher H, Mächler H, Freidl W, Payer F, Rigler B, Harrison MIG, Lechner H: Brain magnetic resonance imaging in coronary artery bypass grafts: A pre- and postoperative assessment. Neurology 1993; 43:775-8
35. Sellman M, Hindmarsh T, Ivert T, Semb BKH: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain before and after open heart operations . Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 53:807-12
36. Vik A, Brubakk AO, Rinck PA, Sande E, Levang OW, Sellevold O: MRI: A method to detect minor brain damge following coronary bypass surgery? Neuroradiology 1991; 33:396-8
37. Simonson TM, Yuh WTC, Hindman BJ, Embrey RP, Halloran JI, Behrendt DM: Contrast MR of the brain after high-perfusion cardiopulmonary bypass. Am J Neuroradiol 1994; 15:3-7
38. Dexter F, Hindman BJ: Recommendations for hyperbaric oxygen therapy of cerebral air embolism based on a mathematical model of bubble absorption. Anesth Analg 1997; 84:1203-7
39. Fritz H, Hossmann KA: Arterial air embolism in the cat brain. Stroke 1979; 10:581-9
40. Furlow TW: Experimental air embolism of the brain: An analysis of the technique in the rat. Stroke 1982; 13:847-52
41. Branston NM, Symon L, Crockard HA, Pasztor E: Relationship between the cortical evoked potential and local cortical blood flow following acute middle cerebral artery occlusion in the baboon. Exp Neurol 1974; 45:195-208
42. Helps SC, Gorman DF: Air embolism of the brain in rabbits pretreated with mechlorethamine. Stroke 1991; 22:351-4
43. Marshall NJ, Goodwin CJ, Holt SJ: A critical assessment of the use of microculture tetrazolium assays to measure cell growth and function. Growth Regul 1995; 5:69-84
44. Schutz H, Silverstein PR, Vapalahti M, Bnice DA, Mela L, Langfitt TW: Brain mitochondrial function after ischemia and hypoxia. I. Ischemia induced by increased intracranial pressure. Arch Neurol 1973; 29:408-16
45. Rehncrona S, Mela L, Siesjö BK: Recovery of brain mitochondrial function in the rat after complete and incomplete cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1979; 10:437-6
46. Park CK, Mendelow AD, Graham DI, McCulloch J, Teasdale GM: Correlation of triphenyltetrazolium chloride perfusion staining with conventional neurohistology in the detection of early brain ischaemia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1988; 14:289-98