Evaluation of single-cell sources of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid: 3-Month rat oral safety study with an in utero phase

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 23-36

  Burns, R A ^a   Wibert, G J ^a   Diersen Schade, D A ^a   Kelly, C M ^b  

^a Mead Johnson Nutritionals   (United States)

^b Huntingdon Life Sciences New Jersey   (United States)

Author keywords

Arachidonic acid; Canola oil; Clinical chemistry; Docosohexaenoic acid; Growth; Histopathology; Neurobehaviour; Rats; Safety; Single cell oil

Indexed keywords

ARACHIDONIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; UNSATURATED FATTY ACID;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; BEHAVIOR; BODY WEIGHT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG SAFETY; FOOD INTAKE; FOOD POISONING; HISTOPATHOLOGY; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; RAT;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; ANIMALS, SUCKLING; ARACHIDONIC ACID; BODY WEIGHT; DINOFLAGELLIDA; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; EATING; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT FOOD; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MILK, HUMAN; MORTIERELLA; ORGAN SIZE; PREGNANCY; RANDOM ALLOCATION; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; REPRODUCTION;

ALGAE; ANIMALIA; ARA; BRASSICA NAPUS VAR. NAPUS;

EID: 0032927707     PISSN: 02786915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(98)00104-5     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Alexander D. W., McGuire S. O., Cassity N. A., Fritsche K. L. Fish oils lower rat plasma and hepatic, but not immune cell α-tocopherol concentration. Journal of Nutrition. 125:1995;2640-2649.
2. American Institute of Nutrition. Report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc Committee on Standards for Nutritional Studies. Journal of Nutrition. 107:1977;1340-1348.
3. American Institute of Nutrition. Second Report of the ad hoc Committee on Standards for Nutritional Studies. Journal of Nutrition. 107:1980;1726.
4. Clapp M. J. L., Wade J. D., Samuels D. M. Control of nephrocalcinosis by manipulating the calcium phosphorus ratio in commercial rodent diets. Laboratory Animals. 16:1982;130-132.
5. Duthie I. F., Barlow S. M., Ashby R., Tesh J. M., Whitney J. C., Saunders A., Chapman E., Norum K. R., Svaar H., Opstvedt J. Feeding of partially hydrogenated fish oils to rats in comparison with partially hydrogenated soybean oils and refined rapeseed oil. Acta Medica Scandinavica. 726:(Suppl.):1988;1-89.
6. Espgan Committee on Nutrition. Comment on the content and composition of lipids in infant formulas. Acta Pediatrica Scandinavica. 80:1991;887-896.
7. Farnworth E. R., Kramer J. K. G., Thompson B. K., Corner A. H. Role of saturated fatty acids on lowering the incidence of heart lesions in male rats. Journal of Nutrition. 112:1982;231-240.
8. Hayes J. R., Wilson N. H., Pence D. H., Williams K. D. Subchronic toxicity studies of salatrim structured triacylglycerols in rats. 1. Triacylglycerols composed of stearate and butyrate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 42:1994;528-538.
9. Hayes J. R., Wilson N. H., Pence D. H., Williams K. D. Subchronic toxicity studies of salatrim structured triacylglycerols in rats. 2. Triacylglycerols composed of stearate, acetate and propionate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 42:1994;539-551.
10. Hayes J. R., Wilson N. H., Pence D. H., Williams K. D. Subchronic toxicity studies of salatrim structured triacylglycerols in rats. 3. Triacylglycerols composed of stearate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 42:1994;552-562.
11. Hoek A. C., Lemmens A. G., Mullink J. W. M. A., Beynen A. C. Influence of dietary calcium:phosphorus ratio on mineral excretion and nephrocalcinosis in female rats. Journal of Nutrition. 118:1988;1210-1216.
12. Hollander M. and Wolfe D. A. (1973) Nonparametric Statistical Methods. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
13. Innis S. M. Human milk and formula fatty acids. Journal of Pediatrics. 120:(Suppl.):1992;56S-61S.
14. Innis S. M., Hansen J. W. Plasma fatty acid responses, metabolic effects, and safety of microalgal and fungal oils rich in arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in healthy adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 64:1996;159-167.
15. Kollmorgen G. M., Sansing W. A., Lehman A. A., Fischer G., Longley R. E., Alexander S. S. Jr, King M. M., McCay P. B. Inhibition of lymphocyte function in rats fed high-fat diets. Cancer Research. 39:1979;3458-3462.
16. Koskelo E-K., Boswell K., Carl L., Lanoue S., Kelly C., Kyle D. High levels of dietary arachidonic acid triglyceride exhibit no subchronic toxicity in rats. Lipids. 32:1997;397-405.
17. Kramer J. K. G., Farnworth E. R., Thompson B. K. Reduction of myocardial necrosis in male albino rats by manipulation of dietary fatty acid levels. Lipids. 17:1982;372-382.
18. Kramer J. K. G. and Sauer F. D. (1983) Results obtained with feeding low erucic acid rapeseed oils and other vegetable oils to rats and other species. In High and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils, ed. J. K. G. Kramer, F. D. Sauer and W. J. Pigden, pp. 413-474. Academic Press, New York.
19. McGuire S. O., Alexander D. W., Fritsche K. L. Fish oil source differentially affects rat immune cell α-tocopherol concentration. Journal of Nutrition. 127:1997;1388-1394.
20. Mars Y. W. H. M., Lemmens A. G., Beynen A. C. Dietary phosphorus and nephrocalcinosis in female rats. Nutrition Reports International. 38:1988;249-258.
21. Rasmussen K. M. Effects of under- and overnutrition on lactation in laboratory rats. Journal of Nutrition. 128:1998;390S-393S.
22. Reeves P. G., Nielsen F. H., Fahey G. C. Jr. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: Final report of the American Institute of Nutrition Ad Hoc Writing Committee on the Reformulation of the AIN-76A Rodent Diet. Journal of Nutrition. 123:1993;1939-1951.
23. Shah B. G., Trick K. D., Belonje B. Factors affecting nephrocalcinosis in male and female rats fed AIN-76 salt mixture. Nutrition Research. 6:1986;559-570.
24. Shaw M. A., Rasmussen K. M., Myers T. R. Consumption of a high fat diet impairs reproductive performance in Sprague-Dawley rats. Journal of Nutrition. 127:1997;64-69.
25. Snedecor G. W. and Cochran W. G. (1967) Statistical Methods, 6th edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
26. WHO (1994) Fats and Oils in Human Nutrition. Report of a joint expert consultation. WHO/FAO, Rome.
27. Wibert G. J., Burns R. A., Diersen-Schade D. A., Kelly C. M. Evaluation of single cell sources of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid: A 4-week oral safety study in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 35:1997;967-974.