On-line mass spectrometry: A faster route to process monitoring and control

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 1192-1204

  Cook, Kelsey D ^a   Bennett, Kevin H ^a   Haddix, Martin L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL OPERATIONS; PROCESS CONTROL; REACTION KINETICS;

CONTINUOUS PROCESS CONTROL;

MASS SPECTROMETRY;

CELLULOSE; ETHYLENE OXIDE DERIVATIVE; ISOPENTANE; PENTANE; POLITEF; POLYETHYLENE; SILASTIC; SILICONE DERIVATIVE; VOLATILE AGENT; ZEOLITE;

MONITORING SYSTEM; PROCESS CONTROL; SPECTROMETRY;

ANALYZER; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE; CHEMICAL REACTION; CONTROL SYSTEM; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; INSTRUMENTATION; IONIZATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ONLINE COMPUTER; PROCESS CONTROL; QUALITY CONTROL; REACTION ANALYSIS; SAMPLING;

EID: 0032900061     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie9707984     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Ponton, J. W. Chemical Process Control in the 1990's. Chem. Ind. 1993, 315-318.
2. DesJardin, M. A.; Doherty, S. J.; Gilbert, J. R.; LaPack, M. A.; Shao, J. Better Understanding of Plant and Pilot Plant Operations using On-line Mass Spectrometry. Process Control Qual. 1985, 6, 219-227.
3. Henry, C. Electrospray Continues to Evolve. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 427A-432A.
4. Clarke, J. A Review of On-line Analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta 1986, 790, 1-11.
5. Adams V. H. Process Mass Spectrometry. ISA Calgary '89 Symposium, Calgary, 1989; ISA: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1989; Paper 89-0344, pp 389-400.
6. Cochet, L.; Heitz, G.; Jorre, D.; Thomas, F. Application of Mass Spectrometry in Iron and Steel Industry. Recent Dev. Mass Spectrosc. Proc. Int. Conf. Mass Spectrosc. 1970, 367-376.
7. Fjeldsted, J. C. Considerations for Using a Laboratory Mass Spectrometer for On-Line Monitoring. Adv. Instrum. Proc. 1990, 45 (2), 549-555.
8. Koch, M. On the Conversion of a Mass Selective Detector for Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Application to Stand-Alone, On-Line, Real-Time Mass Spectrometry Application. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1994, 65 (9), 2808-2818.
9. Lewis, G. Mass Spectrometers Move On Line. InTech 1989, 36 (12), 45-47.
10. Bauer, S. J.; Cooks, R. G. MIMS for Trace Level Determination of Organic Analytes in On-line Process Monitoring and Environmental Analysis. Am. Lab. 1993, 25 (16), 36-51.
11. Walsh, M. R.; LaPack, M. A. On-line Measurements using Mass Spectrometry. ISA Trans. 1995, 34, 67-85.
12. Blaser, W. W.; Bredeweg, R. A.; Harner, R. S.; LaPack, M. A.; Leugers, A.; Martin, D. P.; Pell, R. J.; Workman, J.; Wright, L. G. Process Analytical Chemistry. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 47R-70R.
13. Beebe, K. R.; Blaser, W. W.; Bredeweg, R. A.; Chauvel, J. P.; Harner, R. S.; LaPack, M. A.; Leugers, A.; Martin, D. P.; Wright, L. G.; Yalvac, E. D. Process Analytical Chemistry. Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 199R-216R.
14. Kotiaho, T. On-Site Environmental and In Situ Process Analysis by Mass Spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 1996, 31, 1-15.
15. Walsh, M. R.; LaPack, M. A.; Doherty, S. J.; McCrery, D. A.; Wright, L. G. Applications of On-Line Mass Spectrometry. J. Process Anal. Chem. 1995, 1 (2), 215-218.
16. Watson, J. T. Introduction to Mass Spectrometry, 3rd ed.; Lippincott-Raven Publishers: Philadelphia, PA, 1997.
17. McLafferty, F. W.; Tureček, F. Interpretation of Mass Spectra, 4th ed.; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1993.
18. Buchanan, M. V.; Hettich, R. L. Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry of High-Mass Biomolecules. Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 245A-259A.
19. Cole, R. B. Editor, Electrospray Mass Spectrometry; Wiley: New York, 1997.
20. Cusworth, W. H.; Tureček, F. Electrospray Ionization Techniques for Process Mass Spectrometry. J. Process Anal. Chem. 1995, 1 (2), 110-114.
21. 6 Tungsten Chemical Vapor Deposition Process by Microvolume Mass Spectrometry. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1993, 140 (12), 3588-3590.
22. Kotiaho, T.; Lauritsen, F. R.; Choudhury, T. K.; Cooks, R. G.; Tsao, G. T. Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 875A-883A.
23. Soni, M.; Sauer, S.; Amy, J. W.; Wong, P.; Cooks, R. G. Direct Determination of Organic Compounds in Water at Parts-per-Quadrillion Levels by Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 1409-1412.
24. Patrick, J. S.; Wong, P.; Xu, C.; Soni, M.; Kasthurikrishnan, N.; Srinivasan, N.; Cooks, R. G. Direct Analysis of Organic Compounds in Water by Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry: Advances in Selectivity and Interfaces. Process Control Qual. 1995, 7, 117-131.
25. Chauvatcharin, S.; Seki, T.; Fujiyama, K.; Yoshida, T. Online Monitoring and Control of Acetone Butanol Fermentation by Membrane Sensor Mass Spectrometry. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 1995, 79 (3), 264-269.
26. LaPack, M. A.; Dupuis, F. Dynamic Membrane Separation Process for Improved Selectivity. U.S. Patent 5354474, 1993.
27. Cook, K. D.; Falconer, J. L.; Bennett, K. H. Enhancing Mixture Resolution Exploiting the Time-dependence of Permeation Through Zeolite Membranes. Proceedings of the 45th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Palm Springs, CA, 1997; American Society for Mass Spectrometry: Santa Fe, NM, 1997; p 227.
28. Kasthurikrishnan, N.; Cooks, R. G. Online Flow Injection Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Seawater by Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry. Talanta 1995, 42, 1325-1334.
29. Gregori, A. M.; Kephart, L. A. Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometers Used for the On-line Analysis of Liquid Streams. Adv. Instrum., Control 1995, 50 (13), 1179-1186.
30. Slivon, L. E.; Ho, J. S.; Budde, W. L. Real Time Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Using Mass Spectrometry with a Helium-Purged Hollow Fiber Membrane. Pollut. Prev. Ind. Processes 1992, 169-177.
31. LaPack, M. A.; Tou, J. C.; Enke, C. G. Membrane Extraction Mass Spectrometry for the On-line Analysis of Gas and Liquid Process Streams. Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 1631-1637.
32. Cisper, M. E.; Gill, C. G.; Townsend, L. E.; Hemberger, P. H. Online Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air at Parts-per-trillion Levels by Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 1413-1417.
33. Wong, P. S.; Cooks, R. G.; Cisper, M. E.; Hemberger, P. H. Online In-situ Analysis with Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29 (5), 215A-218A.
34. 2 in Automotive Exhaust. SAE Trans: 1990, 99 (4), 117-125.
35. Bruins, A. P. Mass Spectrometry with Ion Sources Operating at Atmospheric Pressure. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 1991, 10, 53-78.
36. Hansel, A.; Jordan, A.; Holzinger, R.; Prazeller, P.; Vogel, W.; Lindinger, W. Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry: On-line Trace Gas Analysis at the PPB Level. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 1995, 149/150, 609-619.
37. White, F. A.; Wood, G. M. Mass Spectrometry: Applications in Science and Engineering; Wiley: New York, 1986; pp 21-24.
38. Stoffels, J. J.; Wacker, J. F.; Kelley, J. M.; Bond, L. A.; Kiddy, R. A.; Brauer, F. P. Environmental Monitoring of Hanford Nuclear Facility Effluents by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Appl. Spectrosc. 1994, 48, 1326-30.
39. Kishi, H.; Fujii, T. Negative Surface Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Real-time Monitoring of Iodine Molecules in Process Off-gas. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 4432-4436.
40. Heppner, R.; Hertel, R.; Niu, W.; Sarrao, J. A Comparative Analysis of Quadrupole Mass Filters and Magnetic Sector Analyzers. Perkin-Elmer Technical Note.
41. McLuckey, S. A.; Van Berkel, G. J.; Goeringer, D. E.; Glish, G. L. Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry of Externally Generated Ions. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 689A-696A.
42. Orth, R.; Berberich, D.; Day, D.; Harris, T.; Haile, D. Realtime Monitoring of Stack Emissions to Air. Proceedings of the 42nd ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Chicago, IL, 1994; American Society for Mass Spectrometry: Santa Fe, NM, 1994; p 290.
43. Wise, M. B.; Thompson, C. V.; Merriweather, R.; Guerin, M. R. Review of Direct MS Analysis of Environmental Samples. Field Anal. Chem. Technol. 1997, 1 (5), 251-276.
44. Roehl, J. E. Environmental and Process Applications for Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 1991, 26 (1-2), 1-57.
45. Baim, M. A.; Eatherton, R. L.; Hill, H. H. Ion Mobility Detector for Gas Chromatography with a Direct Photoionization Source. Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 1761-1766.
46. Kotiaho, T.; Lauritsen, F. R.; Degn, H.; Paakkanen, H. Membrane Inlet Ion Mobility Spectrometry for On-line Measurement of Ethanol in Beer and in Yeast Fermentation. Anal. Chim. Acta 1995, 309, 317-325.
47. Yefchak, G.; Prazen, B.; Myerholtz, C. High-Speed Analysis of Natural Gas and Refinery Gas with a Compact GC/TOFMS System. Proceedings of the 45th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Palm Springs, CA, 1997; American Society for Mass Spectrometry: Santa Fe, NM, 1997; p 62.
48. Klemp, M.; Peters, A.; Sacks, R. High-Speed GC Analysis of VOCs: Sample Collection and Inlet Systems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 369A-433A.
49. Thomas, E. V. A Primer on Multivariate Calibration. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66 (15), 795A-804A.
50. Kaspar, M. H.; Ray, W. H. Chemometric Methods for Process Monitoring and High-Performance Controller Design. AIChE J. 1992, 38 (10), 1593-1608.
51. Brown, P. J.; Spiegelman, C. H.; Denham, M. C. Chemometrics and Spectral Frequency Selection. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A 1991, 337, 311-322.
52. Cook, K. D.; Haddix, M. L.; Noid, D. W.; Sumpter, B. G.; Keator, E. A. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. Unpublished results.
53. Cook, K. D.; Haddix, M. L.; Seebach, G. L. Impact of Parameterization on the Least Squares Deconvolution of Mass Spectral Data for Simultaneous Determination of Isomeric Alkanes. Adv. Instrum. Control 1995, 50 (3), 1169-1178.
54. Cook, K. D.; Bennett, K. H.; Haddix, M. L.; Keator, E. A.; Seebach, G. L.; Falconer, J. L. Process Mass Spectrometric Monitoring of Isomeric Hydrocarbon Gases. J. Process Anal. Chem. 1998, 3 (3, 4), 115-124.
55. Cook, K. D.; Haddix, M. L.; Seebach, G. L; Bennett, K. H. Parameterization for Mass Spectrometric Monitoring of Multicomponent Streams. J. Process Anal. Chem. 1997, 3 (1, 2) 53-62.
56. Cook, K. D.; Haddix, M. L.; Seebach, G. L. Isomer Resolution Using Process Mass Spectrometry. J. Process Anal. Chem. 1996, 2 (2), 219-223.
57. Leardi, R.; Boggia, R.; Terrile, M. Genetic Algorithms as a Strategy for Feature Selection. J. Chemom. 1992, 6, 267-281.
58. Leardi, R. Application of a Genetic Algorithm to Feature Selection Under Full Validation Conditions and to Outlier Detection. J. Chemom. 1994, 8, 65-79.
59. Wright, L. G.; LaPack, M. A.; Blaser, W. W.; Beebe, K. R.; Leugers, M. A. Method of Standardizing Data Obtained Throughout Mass Spectrometry. U.S. Patent 5545895, 1996.
60. Nicholas, P. Process and Environmental Monitoring using Mass Spectrometry. Spectroscopy 1991, 6 (9), 36-45.
61. Bartman, C. D. Process Gas Analysis by Quadrupole MS. Am. Lab. 1985, 17 (12), 57-63.
62. Real Time Analysis of Low Level Chloride Components in the Production of Ethylene Oxide. ABB-Extrel Application Note.
63. Townshend, A.; Green, J. D.; Dunn, W. B. Novel Techniques for the Off-line Analysis of Liquid Process Streams by Mass Spectrometry. Analyst 1996, 121, 1435-1441.
64. Didden, C.; Duisings, J. Online Measurement of a Liquid Reactor Feed with a Mass Spectrometer. Process Control Qual 1992, 3, 263-271.
65. Johnston, M. V.; Wexler, A. S. Mass Spectrometry of Individual Aerosol Particles. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 721A-726A.
66. Wyatt, J. R.; Koslin, M. E. Atmosphere Analysis On Board Nuclear Submarines. Proceedings of the 37th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Miami Beach, FL, 1989; American Society for Mass Spectrometry: Santa Fe, NM, 1989; pp 80-81.
67. Spencer, N. W.; Carignan, G. R. In-situ Measurements of Thermospheric Composition, Temperature and Winds by Mass Spectrometry. Adv. Space Res. 1988, 8 (5-6), 107-117.
68. Mansoori, B. A.; Johnston, M. V.; Wexler, A. S. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization of Size and Composition Selected Aerosol Particles. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 3595-3601.
69. Salt, K.; Noble, C. A.; Prather, K. A. Aerodynamic Particle Sizing versus Light Scattering Intensity Measurement as Methods for Real-time Particle Sizing Coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 230-234.
70. Roberts, R.; Ramsey, P. J. Evaluation of Fluorocarbon Emissions from the Aluminum Smelting Process. Light Met. 1994, 381-388.
71. Kobayashi, S.; Nishitani, E.; Shimamura, H.; Yajima, A.; Kishimoto, S.; Yoneoka, Y.; Uchida, H.; Morioka, N. In-situ Monitoring in Metal Deposition Processes. Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 1995, 2637, 80-86.
72. Tedder, L. L.; Rubloff, G. W.; Shareef, I.; Anderle, M.; Kim, D. H.; Parsons, G. N. Real-time Process and Product Diagnostics in Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition Using In-situ Mass Spectrometric Sampling. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 1995, 13 (4), 1924-1927.
73. Greve, D. W.; Knight, T. J.; Cheng, X.; Krogh, B. H.; Gibson, M. A.; LaBrosse, J. Process Control Based on Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 1996, 14 (1), 489-493.
74. 3 by In-situ Gas Sampling. J. Cryst. Growth 1996, 158, 68-78.
75. Hasler, E.; Rettinghaus, G. Mass Spectrometric Contamination Control of Process Gas. Vacuum 1988, 38 (8-10), 777-781.
76. 2 Deposition in a Remote Reactor. Surf. Coat. Technol. 1995, 74-75, 5222-5227.
77. Zhou, W.; Mulchandani, A. Recent Advances in Bioprocess Monitoring and Control. Biosens. Chem. Sens. Technol. 1995, 88-98.
78. Nikolova, P.; Young, M. M.; Legge, R. L. Application of Process Mass Spectroscopy to the Detection of Metabolic Changes in Plant Tissue Culture. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Cult. 1991, 25, 219-224.
79. Prior, J.; Christie, P. D.; Murray, R. J.; Johnson, W. H.; Cooney, C. L. Continuous Monitoring of Nitrogenase Activity in Axotobacter Vinelandii Fermentation Using Off-gas Mass Spectrometry. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1995, 47, 373-383.
80. Behrendt, U.; Koch, S.; Gooch, D. D.; Steegmans, U.; Comer, M. Mass Spectrometry: A Tool for On-line Monitoring of Animal Cell Cultures. Cytotechnology 1994, 14, 157-165.
81. Heinzle, E. Possible On-line Applications of Mass Spectrometry in the Biological Production of Flavours. Colloq-Inst. Natl. Rech. Agron. 1995, 75, 67-80.
82. Langer, G.; Fekete, S.; Gas, I.; Gal, J.; Sepsy, K.; Szadai, J.; Mozsik, L.; Sagi, F. Microprocessor Controlled Gas Analyzer System for Multi-channel Mass Spectrometric Measurement of Plant Gases. Chem. Eng. 1990, 34 (1-3), 251-254.
83. Cristea, O.; Langer, G. Gas Metabolism Measurements of Aquatic Living Structures by Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry for Water Pollution Detection. Sens. Actuators, B 1992, 7, 518-521.
84. Srinivasan, N.; Kasthurikrishnan, N.; Cooks, R. G.; Krishnan, M. S.; Tsao, G. T. On-line Monitoring with Feedback Control of Bioreactors Using a High Ethanol Tolerance Yeast by Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 1995, 316, 269-276.
85. Johnson, R. C.; Srinivasan, N.; Cooks, R. G.; Schell, D. Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry in a Pilot Plant: Online Monitoring of Fermentation Broths. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1997, 11, 363-367.
86. Overney, F. L.; Enke, C. G. A Mathematical Study of Sample Modulation at a Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer -Potential Application in Analysis of Mixtures. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1996, 7, 93-100.
87. Hansen, K. F.; Degn, H. On-line Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry for Feedback Control of Precursor Concentration in Penicillin Fermentation. Biotechnol. Tech. 1996, 10 (7), 485-490.
88. Lauritsen, F. R.; Gylling, S. On Line Monitoring of Biological Reactions at Low Parts per Trillion Levels by Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 1418-20.
89. Wong, P.; Srinivasan, N.; Kasthurikrishnan, N.; Cooks, R. G.; Pincock, J. A.; Grossert, J. S. On-line Monitoring of the Photolysis of Benzyl Acetate and 3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl Acetate by Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6627-6632.
90. Lauritsen, F. R.; Kotiaho, T.; Lloyd, D. Rapid and Direct Monitoring of Volatile Fermentation Products in the Fungus Bjerkandera Adusta by Membrane Inlet Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Biol. Mass Spectrom. 1993, 22, 585-589.
91. Topsøe, N. Y.; Topsøe, H.; Dumesic, J. A. Vanadia/Titania Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia. J. Catal. 1995, 151, 226-240.
92. Lundgren, S.; Keck, K. E.; Kasemo, B. A Flow Reactor System for Catalytic Reaction Studies, Allowing Time- and Space-resolved Measurements of Gas Composition and Temperature Around the Catalyst. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1994, 65 (8), 2696-2703.
93. Lehrle, R. S.; West, H.; Wyszyński, M. L. On-line Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Hydrocarbons in Engine Exhaust Gases. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. D: J. Automob. Eng. 1995, 209, 307-324.
94. Davoli, E.; Cappellini, L.; Moggi, M.; Ferrari, S.; Fanelli, R. On-line Monitoring of Benzene Air Concentrations While Driving in Traffic by Means of Isotopic Dilution Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 1996, 68, 262-267.
95. Jakab E.; Huai H.; NieX.; Meuzelaar H. L. C. On-line GC-MS Techniques for Monitoring High-pressure Conversion Reactions. Process Control and Quality 1996, 8, 55-67.
96. Villanti, D. C.; Wadsworth, P. A. Application of NOISE (Nitric Oxide Ionization Spectrometry Evaluation) GC/MS Analysis to Reformulated Gasolines and their Blending Components. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1993, 31 (3), 100-106.