Febrile convulsions and mesial temporal sclerosis

Current Opinion in Neurology

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 197-201

  Lewis, Darrell V ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN INJURY; EPILEPTIC STATE; EPILEPTOGENESIS; FEBRILE CONVULSION; FOCAL EPILEPSY; HIPPOCAMPAL SCLEROSIS; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; REVIEW; TEMPORAL LOBE; TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY;

BRAIN DAMAGE, CHRONIC; CAUSALITY; EPILEPSY, TEMPORAL LOBE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMANS; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; SCLEROSIS; SEIZURES, FEBRILE; TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 0032894423     PISSN: 13507540     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00019052-199904000-00011     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Williamson PD, Engel J Jr. Complex partial seizures. In: Epilepsy: a comprehensive textbook. Engel J Jr, Pedley TA. (editors). Philadelphia: Lippencott-Raven; 1997. Pp. 557-566.
2. Mathern GW, Babb TL, Vickrey BG, MelendezM, PretoriusJ. The clinical pathogenic mechanisms of hippocampal neuron loss and surgical outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain 1995; 118:105-118.
3. Davies KG, Hermann BP, Dohan FC Jr, Foley KT, Bush AJ, Wyler AR. Relationship of hippocampal sclerosis to duration and age of onset of epilepsy and childhood febrile seizures in temporal lobectomy patients. Epil Res 1996; 24:119-126.
4. Falconer MA, Serafetinides EA, Corsellis JAN. Etiology and pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy. Arch Neurol 1964; 10:233-248.
5. Ounsted C, Lindsay J, Norman R. Biological factors in temporal lobe epilepsy. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 22. London: The Spastics Society Medical Education and Information Unit and William Heineman Medical Books Ltd.; 1966.
6. Cavanagh JB, Meyer A. Aetiological aspects of ammon's horn sclerosis associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Br Med J 1956;:1403-1407.
7. Berkovic SF, Scheffer IE. Febrile seizures: genetics and relationship to other epilepsy syndromes. Curr Opin Neurol 1998; 11:129-134. This is an excellent, brief review of the genetics of SFCs.
8. Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Shirts SB, Kurland LT. Factors prognostic of unprovoked seizures after febrile convulsions. N Engl J Med 1987; 316:493-498.
9. Cendes F, Andermann F, Gloor P, Lopes-Cendes I, Andermann E, Melanson D, et al. Atrophy of mesial temporal structures in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: cause or consequence of repeated seizures? Ann Neurol 1993; 34:795-801.
10. Trenerry MR, Jack CR Jr, Sharbrough FW, Cascino GD, Hirschorn KA, Marsh WR, et al. Quantitative MRI hippocampal volumes: association with onset and duration of epilepsy, and febrile convulsions in temporal lobectomy patients. Epil Res 1993; 15:247-252.
11. Harvey AS, Gratten-Smith JD, Desmond PM, Chow CW, Berkovic SF. Febrile seizures and hippocampal sclerosis: frequent and related findings in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy of childhood. Pediatr Neurol 1995; 12:201-206.
12. Salmenperä T, Kälviäinen R, Partanen K, Pitkänen A. Hippocampal damage caused by seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy. Lancet 1998; 351:35. This volumetric MRI study of chronic TLE suggests increasing atrophy with time in patients with frequent seizures.
13. French JA, Williamson PD, Thadani VM, Darcey TM, Mattson RH, Spencer SS, Spencer DD. Characteristics of medial temporal lobe epilepsy: I. Results of history and physical examination. Ann Neurol 1993; 34:774-780.
14. Abou-Khalil B, Andermann E, Andermann F, Olivier A, Quesney LF. Temporal lobe epilepsy after prolonged febrile convulsions: excellent outcome after surgical treatment. Epilepsia 1993; 34:878-883.
15. Vanlandingham KE, Heinz ER, Cavazos JE, Lewis DV. MRI evidence of hi pocampal injury after prolonged, focal febrile convulsions. Ann Neurol 1998; 43:413-426. This is an analysis of postictal MRI findings in CFCs demonstrating acute hippocampal edema in infants with very prolonged seizures.
16. Rutherford MA, Pennock JM, Schwieso JE, Cowan FM, Dubowitz LMS. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: early magnetic resonance imaging findings and their evolution. Neuropediatrics 1995; 26:183-191.
17. Aicardi J, Chevrie JJ. Febrile convulsions: neurological sequelac and mental retardation. In: Brain dysfunction in infantile febrile convulsions. Brazier MAB, Coceani F. (editors). New York: Raven Press; 1976. pp. 2247-2257.
18. Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures. N Engl J Med 1976; 295:1029-1033.
19. Berg AT, Shinnar S. Unprovoked seizures in children with febrile seizures: short term outcome. Neurology 1996; 47:562-568.
20. Verity CM, Golding J. Risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions: a national cohort study. Br Med J 1991; 303:1373-1376.
21. Verity CM, Ross EM, Golding J. Outcome of childhood status epilepticus and lengthy febrile convulsions: findings of a national cohort study. Br Med J 1993; 307:225-228.
22. Maher J, McLachlan RS. Febrile convulsions: is seizure duration the most important predictor of temporal lobe epilepsy? Brain 1995; 118:1521-1528.
23. Berg AT, Shinnar S. Complex febrile seizures. Epilepsia 1996; 37:126-133.
24. Chan S, Chin SSM, Kartha K, Nordi DR, Goodman RR, Pedley TA, Hilal SK. Reversible signal abnormalities in the hippocampus and neocortex after prolonged seizure. Am J Neuroradiology 1996; 17:1725-1731.
25. DeCarolis P, Crisci M, Laudadio S, Baldrati A, Sacquegna T. Transient abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging after partial status epilepticus. Ital J Neurol Sci 1991; 13:267-269.
26. Stafstrom CE, Tien RD, Montine TJ, Boustany RM. Refractory status epilepticus associated with progressive magnetic resonance imaging signal change and hippocampal neuronal loss. J Epilepsy 1996; 9:253-258.
27. Nohria V, Tien RD, Lee N, Heinz ER, Smith JS, DeLong GR, et al. MRI evidence of hippocampal sclerosis in progression: a case report. Epilepsia 1994; 35:1332-1336.
28. Tien RD, Felsberg GJ. The hippocampus in status epilepticus: demonstration of signal intensity and morphologic changes with sequential fast spin echo MR imaging. Radiology 1995; 194:249-256.
29. Lee BI, Lee BC, Hwang YM. Prolonged ictal amnesia with transient focal abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging. Epilepsia 1992; 33:1042-1046.
30. Cox JE, Mathews VP, Santos CC, Elster AD. Seizure induced transient hippocampal abnormalities on MR: correlation with positron emission tomography and electroencephalography. Am J Neuroradiology 1995; 16-.1736-1738.
31. Corey LA, Pellock JM, Boggs JG, Miller LL, DeLorenzo RJ. Evidence for a genetic predisposition for status epilepticus. Neurology 1998; 50:558-560. This important observation suggests that tendency for status may have some genetic basis.
32. Raymond AA, Fish DR, Stevens JM, Cook MJ, Sisodiya SM, Shorvon SD. Association of hippocampal sclerosis with cortical dysgenesis in patients with epilepsy. Neurology 1994; 44:1841-1843.
33. Ho SS, Kuzniecky R, Gilliam F, Faught E, Morawetz RB. Temporal lobe developmental malformations and epilepsy. Neurology 1998; 50:748-754. The authors make the important observation that MTS in association with temporal lobe developmental abnormalities is often bilateral.
34. Günay M, Aysun S. Neuronal migration disorders presenting with mild clinical symptoms. Pediatr Neurol 1996; 14:153-154.
35. Fernandez G, Effenberger O, Vinz B, Steinlein O, Elger CE, Dohring W, Heinze HH. Hippocampal malformation as a cause of familial febrile convulsions and subsequent hippocampal sclerosis. Neurology 1998; 50:909-917. This is a novel study of familial febrile convulsions associated with unilateral hippocampal dysgenesis.
36. Germano IM, Zhang YF, Sperber E, Moshe S. Neuronal migration disorders increase susceptibility to hyperthermia induced seizures in developing rats. Epilepsia 1996; 37:902-910.
37. Germano IM, Sperber EF, Ahuja S, Moshe SL. Evidence of enhanced kindling and hippocampal neuronal injury in immature rats with neuronal migration disorders. Epilepsia 1998, 39:1253-1260. More recent evidence that immature animals with cortical dysgenesis are more prone to epileptogenesis is presented. This may be the experimental analog of human infants with subtle cortical dysgenesis, multiple seizures, and the development of MTS.
38. Amano S, Ihara N, Uemura S, Yokoyama M, Ikeda M, Serikawa T, et al. Development of a novel rat mutant with spontaneous limbic like seizures. Am J Pathol 1996; 149:329-336.
39. Mathern GW, Babb TL, Mischel PS, Vinters HV, Pretorius JK, Leite JP, Peacock WJ. Childhood generalized and mesial temporal epilepsies demonstrate different amounts and patterns of hippocampal neuron loss and mossy fibre synaptic reorganization. Brain 1996; 119:965-987.