Refractory status epilepticus associated with progressive magnetic resonance imaging signal change and hippocampal neuronal loss

Journal of Epilepsy

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 253-258

  Stafstrom, Carl E ^a,b   Tien, Robert D ^a   Montine, Thomas J ^a   Boustany, Rose Mary ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Children; Hippocampus; Magnetic resonance imaging; Seizure; Status epilepticus; Ubiquitin

Indexed keywords

ACETAZOLAMIDE; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLORAZEPATE; CORTICOTROPIN; DEXTROMETHORPHAN; DOBUTAMINE; DOPAMINE; ETHOSUXIMIDE; FELBAMATE; LIDOCAINE; LORAZEPAM; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE; MIDAZOLAM; PARALDEHYDE; PENTOBARBITAL; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; VALPROIC ACID;

ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; CHILD; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; EPILEPTIC STATE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MALE; NERVE CELL NECROSIS; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECTAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; SEIZURE;

EID: 0030462618     PISSN: 08966974     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0896-6974(96)00023-0     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. 1. Meldrum BS, Vigoroux RA, Brierley JB. Systemic factors and epileptic brain damage. Prolonged seizures in paralyzed, artificially ventilated baboons. Arch Neurol 1973;29:82-7.
2. 2. Sloviter RS. "Epileptic" brain damage in rats induced by sustained electrical stimulation of the perforant path. I. Acute electrophysiological and light microscopic studies. Brain Res Bull 1983;10:675-97.
3. 3. Nevander G, Ingvar M, Auer R, Siesjo BK. Status epilepticus in well-oxygenated rats causes neuronal necrosis. Ann Neurol 1985;18:281-90.
4. 4. Siesjo BK, Wieloch T. Epileptic brain damage: pathophysiology and neurochemical pathology. Adv Neurol 1986;44:813-47.
5. 5. Wasterlain CG, Fujikawa DG, Penix L, Sankar R. Pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage from status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1993;34(suppl 1):S37-53.
6. 6. Corsellis JAN, Bruton CJ. Neuropathology of status epilepticus in humans. Adv Neurol 1983;34:129-39.
7. 7. Adams JH, Duchen LW, eds. Greenfield's neuropathology, 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992:1252-4.
8. 8. DeGiorgio CM, Tomiyasu U, Gott PS, Treiman DM. Hippocampal pyramidal cell loss in human status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1992;33:23-7.
9. 9. Fujikawa DG, Itabashi HH. Status epilepticus-induced brain damage in humans. Epilepsia 1994;35(suppl 8):9.
10. 10. Treiman DM, Walton NY, Kendick C. A progressive sequence of electroencephalographic changes during generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res 1990;5:49-60.
11. 11. Tien RD, Felsberg GJ, Campi de Castro C, et al. Complex partial seizures and mesial temporal sclerosis: evaluation with fast spin-echo MR imaging. Radiology 1993;189:835-42.
12. 12. Cendes F, Andermann F, Carpenter S, Zatorre RJ, Cashman NR. Temporal lobe epilepsy caused by domoic acid intoxication: evidence for glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in humans. Ann Neurol 1995;37:123-6.
13. 13. Van Ness PC. Pentobarbital and EEG burst suppression in treatment of status epilepticus refractory to benzodiazepines and phenytoin. Epilepsia 1990;31:61-7.
14. 14. Working Group on Status Epilepticus. Treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. JAMA 1993;270:854-9.
15. 15. Bleck TP. Advances in the management of refractory status epilepticus. Crit Care Med 1993;21:955-7.
16. 16. Yaffe K, Lowenstein DH. Prognostic factors of pentobarbital therapy for refractory generalized status epilepticus. Neurology 1993;43:895-900.
17. 17. Crisp CB, Gannon R, Knauft F. Continuous infusion of midazolam hydrochloride to control status epilepticus. Clin Pharm 1988;7:322-4.
18. 18. Rivera R, Segnini M, Baltodano A, Ferez V. Midazolam in the treatment of status epilepticus in children. Crit Care Med 1993;21:991-4.
19. 19. Lahat E, Aladjem M, Eschel G, Bistritzer T, Katz Y. Midazolam in treatment of epileptic seizures. Pediatr Neurol 1992;8:215-6.
20. 20. Parent JM, Lowenstein DH. Treatment of refractory generalized status epilepticus with continuous infusion of midazolam. Neurology 1994;44:1837-40.
21. 21. Nohria V, Lee N, Tien R, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of hippocampal sclerosis in progression: a case report. Epilepsia 1994;35:1332-6.
22. 22. Ben-Ari Y. Limbic seizures and brain damage produced by kainic acid: mechanisms and relevance to human temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroscience 1985;14:375-403.
23. 23. Ng T, Graham DI, Adams JH, Ford I. Changes in the hippocampus and the cerebellum resulting from hypoxic insults: frequency and distribution. Acta Neuropathol 1989;78:438-43.
24. 24. Herschko A, Ciechanover A. The ubiquitin system for protein degradation. Annu Rev Biochem 1992;61:761-807.