Vitamin C and acute respiratory infections

International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Volumn 3, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 756-761

  Hemilä, Harri ^a   Douglas, R M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b The Australian National University   (Australia)

Author keywords

Ascorbic acid; Pneumonia; The common cold; Tonsillitis; Tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

ASCORBIC ACID; PLACEBO;

ABSENTEEISM; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; BRONCHITIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMMON COLD; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; REVIEW; TONSILLITIS; UNITED KINGDOM;

ASCORBIC ACID; COMMON COLD; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0032885406     PISSN: 10273719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Hess A F. Diet, nutrition and infection. N Engl J Med 1932; 207: 637-648.
2. Markwell N W. Vitamin C in the prevention of colds. Med J Aust 1947; 2: 777-778.
3. Gander J, Niederherger W. Vitamin C in der Pneumonia Behandlung. Munchen Med Wschr 1936; 83: 2074-2077.
4. Hochwald A. Vitamin C in der Behandlung der kruppösen Pneumonie. Deutsch Med Wschr 1937; 63: 182-184.
5. Slotkin G E, Fletcher R S. Ascorbic acid in pulmonary complications following prostatic surgery. J Urol 1944; 52: 566-569.
6. Klenner F R. Virus pneumonia and its treatment with vitamin C. South Med Surg 1948; 110: 36-38, 46.
7. McCormick W J. Vitamin C in the prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases. Arch Pediatr 1951; 68: 1-9.
8. Cunningham-Rundles W F, Berner Y, Cunningham-Rundles S. Interaction of vitamin C in lymphocyte activation: current status and possible mechanisms of action. In: Cunningham-Rundles S, ed. Nutrient modulation of the immune response. New York: Marcel Decker, 1993: 91-103.
9. Jariwalla R J, Harakeh S. Antiviral and immunomodulatory activities of ascorbic acid. Subcell Biochem 1996; 25: 215-231.
10. Hemilä H. Vitamin C and infectious diseases. In: Packer L, Fuchs J, eds. Vitamin C in health and disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997: 471-503.
11. Hemilä H. Vitamin C and the common cold. Br J Nutr 1992; 67: 3-16.
12. Hemilä H, Herman Z S. Vitamin C and the common cold: a retrospective analysis of Chalmers' review. J Am Coll Nutr 1995; 14: 116-123.
13. Hemilä H. Does vitamin C alleviate the symptoms of the common cold? A review of current evidence. Scand J Infect Dis 1994; 26: 1-6.
14. Hemilä H. Vitamin C supplementation and the common cold. Was Linus Pauling right or wrong? Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1997; 67: 329-335.
15. Hemilä H. Vitamin C supplementation and common cold symptoms. Factors affecting the magnitude of the benefit. Med Hypotheses 1999; 52: 171-178.
16. Douglas R M, Chalker E B, Treacey B. Vitamin C for the common cold. (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library; Issue 2. Oxford: Update Software; 1998. Updated quarterly.
17. Hemilä H. Vitamin C intake and susceptibility to the common cold [see comments]. Br J Nutr 1997; 77: 59-72. Comments in: Br J Nutr 1997; 78: 857-866.
18. Hemilä H. Vitamin C intake and susceptibility to the common cold [see comments]. Br J Nutr 1997; 77: 59-72. Comments in: Br J Nutr 1997; 78: 857-866.
19. Hemilä H. Vitamin C and common cold incidence: a review of studies with subjects under heavy physical stress. Int J Sports Med 1996; 17: 379-383.
20. Pauling L. The significance of the evidence about ascorbic acid and the common cold. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1971; 68: 2678-2681.
21. Kleijnen J, Riet G, Knipschild P G. Vitamine C en verkoudheid; overzicht van een megadosis literatuur. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1989; 133: 1532-1535.
22. Baird I M, Hughes R E, Wilson H K, Davies J E W, Howard A N. The effects of ascorbic acid and flavonoids on the occurrence of symptoms normally associated with the common cold. Am J Clin Nutr 1979; 32: 1686-1690.
23. Anderson T W, Reid D B W, Beaton G H. Vitamin C and the common cold: a double-blind trial [published erratum 1973; 108: 133]. Can Med Assoc J 1972; 107: 503-508.
24. Elwood P C, Lee H P, Leger A S, Baird I M, Howard A N. A randomized controlled trial of vitamin C in the prevention and amelioration of the common cold. Br J Prev Soc Med 1976; 30: 193-196.
25. Ludvigsson J, Hansson L O, Tibbling G. Vitamin C as a preventive medicine against common colds in children. Scand J Infect Dis 1977; 9: 91-98.
26. Pitt H A, Costrini A M. Vitamin C prophylaxis in marine recruits. JAMA 1979; 241: 908-911.
27. Hemilä H. Vitamin C intake and susceptibility to pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16: 836-837.
28. Schwartz A R, Togo Y, Hornick R B, Tominaga S, Gleckman R A. Evaluation of the efficacy of ascorbic acid in prophylaxis of induced rhinovirus 44 infection in man. J Infect Dis 1973; 128: 500-505.
29. Werkman C H, Nelson V E, Fulmer E I. Immunologie significance of vitamins. J Infect Dis 1924; 34: 447-553.
30. Locke A, Locke R B, Bragdon R J, Mellon R R. Fitness, sulfanilamide and pneumococcus infection in the rabbit. Science 1937; 86: 228-229.
31. Witt W M, Hubbard G B, Fanton J W. Streptococcus pneumoniae arthritis and osteomyelitis with vitamin C deficiency in guinea pigs [published erratum 1988; 38: 557-558]. Lab Anim Sci 1988; 38: 192-195.
32. Esposito A L. Ascorbate modulates antibacterial mechanisms in experimental pneumococcal pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 133: 643-647.
33. Perla D, Marmorston J. Role of vitamin C in resistance. Arch Pathol 1937; 23: 543-575, 683-712.
34. Hemilä H. Vitamin C and infectious diseases. In: Paoletti R, Sies H, Bug J, Grossi E, Poli A, eds. Vitamin C: the state of the art in disease prevention sixty years after the Nobel Prize. Milano: Springer, 1998: 73-85.
35. Sabin A B. Vitamin C in relation to experimental poliomyelitis with incidental observations on certain manifestations in Macacus rhesus monkeys on a scorbutic diet. J Exp Med 1939; 69: 507-515.
36. Glazebrook A J, Thomson S. The administration of vitamin C in a large institution and its effect on general health and resistance to infection. J Hygiene 1942; 42: 1-19.
37. Kimbarowski J A, Mokrow N J. Farbige Ausfällungsreaktion des Harns nach Kimbarowski, als index der Wirkung von Ascorbinsäure bei Behandlung der Virusgrippe. Deutsch Gesundheitsw 1967; 22: 2413-2418.
38. Chakrabarti B, Banerjee S. Dehydroascorbic acid level in blood of patients suffering from various infectious diseases. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1955; 88: 581-583.
39. Hunt C, Chakravorty N K, Annan G, Habibzadeh N, Schorah C J. The clinical effects of vitamin C supplementation in elderly hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infections. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1994; 64: 212-219.
40. Bullowa J G M, Rothstein I A, Ratisch H D, Harde E. Cevitamic acid excretion in pneumonias and some other pathological conditions. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1936; 34: 1-7.
41. Edwards W C. Ascorbic acid for treatment of feline rhinotracheitis. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1968; 63: 696-698.
42. Davelaar F G, Bos J. Ascorbic acid and infectious bronchitis infections in broilers. Avian Pathol 1992; 21: 581-589.
43. Kaiser A D, Slavin B. The incidence of hemolytic streptococci in the tonsils of children as related to the vitamin C content of tonsils and blood. J Pediatr 1938; 13: 322-333.
44. Coulehan J L, Eberhard S, Kapner L, Taylor F, Rogers K, Garry P. Vitamin C and acute illness in Navajo schoolchildren. N Engl J Med 1976; 295: 973-977.
45. Rinehart J F, Mettier S R. The heart valves and muscle in experimental scurvy with superimposed infection with notes on the similarity of the lesions to those of rheumatic fever. Am J Pathol 1934; 10: 61-79.
46. Rinehart J F. Studies relating vitamin C deficiency to rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis; experimental, clinical, and general considerations. I. Rheumatic fever. Ann Intern Med 1935; 9: 586-599.
47. Taylor S. Scurvy and carditis. Lancet 1937; 1: 973-979.
48. Anderson R, Theron A. Effects of ascorbate on leucocytes. S Afr Med J 1979; 56: 429-433.
49. Patrone F, Dallegri F, Bonvini E, Minervini F, Sacchetti C. Disorders of neutrophil function in children with recurrent pyogenic infections. Med Microbiol Immunol 1982; 171: 113-122.
50. Steinbach M M, Klein S J. Vitamin C in experimental tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuberc 1941; 43: 403-414.
51. Russell W O, Read J A, Rouse E T. Morphologic and histochemical study of the effect of scurvy on tuberculosis in guinea pigs. Arch Pathol 1944; 38: 31-39.
52. Boyden S V, Andersen M E. Diet and experimental tuberculosis in the guinea pig. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1956; 39: 107-116.
53. Abbasy M A, Harris L J, Ellman P. Vitamin C and infection. Excretion of vitamin C in pulmonary tuberculosis and in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1937; 2: 181-183.
54. Banerjee S, Sen P B, Guha B C. Urinary excretion of combined ascorbic acid in pulmonary tuberculosis. Nature 1940; 145: 706-707.
55. Sweany H C, Clancy C L, Radford M H, Hunter V. The body economy of vitamin C in health and disease with special studies in tuberculosis. JAMA 1941; 116: 469-474.
56. Awotedu A A, Sofowora E O, Ette S I. Ascorbic acid deficiency in pulmonary tuberculosis. East Afr Med J 1984; 61: 283-287.
57. Plit M L, Theron A J, Fickl H, Rensburg C E J, Pendel S, Anderson R. Influence of antimicrobial chemotherapy and smoking status on the plasma concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, acute phase reactants, iron and lipid peroxides in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998; 2: 590-596.
58. Hasselbach F. Vitamin C und Lungentuberkulose. Z Tuberk 1936; 75: 336-347.
59. Albrecht E. Vitamin C als Adjuvans in der Therapie der Lungentuberkulose. Med Klin 1938; 34: 972-973.
60. Kaplan A, Zonnis M E. Vitamin C in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuberc 1940; 42: 667-673.
61. Bogen E, Hawkins L, Bennett E S. Vitamin C treatment of mucous membrane tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuherc 1941; 44: 596-603.
62. Downes J. An experiment in the control of tuberculosis among Negroes. Milbank Mem Fund Quart 1950; 28: 127-159.
63. Getz H R, Long E R, Henderson H J. A study of the relation of nutrition to the development of tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuberc 1951; 64: 381-393.
64. Douglas R M, Moore B W, Miles H B, et al. Prophylactic efficacy of intranasal alpha2-interferon against rhinovirus infections in a family setting. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 65-70.
65. Douglas R M, Albrecht J K, Miles H B, et al. Intranasal interferon-alpha2 prophylaxis of natural respiratory virus infection. J Infect Dis 1985; 131: 731-736.
66. Chalmers T C. Effects of ascorbic acid on the common cold. An evaluation of the evidence. Am J Med 1975; 58: 532-536.
67. Dykes M H M, Meier P. Ascorbic acid and the common cold. Evaluation of its efficacy and toxicity. JAMA 1975; 231: 1073-1079.
68. Truswell A S. Ascorbic acid [letter]. N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 709.
69. Hemilä H. Vitamin C supplementation and common cold symptoms: problems with inaccurate reviews. Nutrition 1996; 12: 804-809.
70. Karlowski T R, Chalmers T C, Frenkel L D, Kapikian A Z, Lewis T L, Lynch J M. Ascorbic acid for the common cold. A prophylactic and therapeutic trial. JAMA 1975; 231: 1038-1042.
71. Hemilä H. Vitamin C, the placebo effect, and the common cold: a case study of how preconceptions influence the analysis of results [see comments]. J Clin Epidemiol 1996; 49: 1079-1084.
72. Comments in: J Clin Epidemiol 1996; 49: 1085-1087.