Hyperthermia and liposomes

International Journal of Hyperthermia

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 345-370

  Kong, G ^a   Dewhirst, M W ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Hyperthermia; Liposome

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; LIPOSOME;

CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER THERAPY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG TUMOR LEVEL; DRUG UPTAKE; HEAT SENSITIVITY; HUMAN; HYPERTHERMIA; HYPERTHERMIC THERAPY; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

EID: 0032881383     PISSN: 02656736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/026567399285558     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. ALBERTS, D., and GARCIA, D., 1997, Safety aspects of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in patients with cancer. Drugs, 54, 30-35.
2. ALINO, S., 1997, Long-term expression of the human alpha1-antitrypsin gene in mice employing anionic and cationic liposome vector. Biochemical Pharmacology, 54, 9-13.
3. ALLEN, T., and EVEREST, J., 1983, Effect of liposome size and drug release properties on pharmacokinetics of encapsulated drug in rats. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 226, 539-544.
4. ALLEN, T. M., 1997, Liposomes. Opportunities in drug delivery. Drugs, 54, 8-14.
5. ARANCIA, G., CALCABRINI, A., MATARRESE, P., MARCOCCI, L., PIETRANGELI, P., and MONDOVI, B., 1994, Effects of incubation with liposomes at different temperatures on cultured melanoma cells (M14). International Journal of Hyperthermia, 10, 101-114.
6. BANGHAM, A. D., STANDISH, M. M., and WATKINS, J. C., 1965, Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipids. Journal of Molecular Biology, 13, 238-252.
7. BASSETT, J. B., ANDERSON, R. U., and TACKER, J. R., 1986, Use of temperature-sensitive liposomes in the selective delivery of methotrexate and cis-platinum analogues to murine bladder tumor. Journal of Urology, 135, 612-615.
8. BASSETT, J. B., TACKER, J. R., ANDERSON, R. U., and BOSTWICK, D., 1988, Treatment of experimental bladder cancer with hyperthermia and phase transition liposomes containing methotrexate. Journal of Urology, 139, 634-636.
9. BLOK, M. C., VAN DEENEN, L. L., and DE GIER, J., 1976, Effect of the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition on the osmotic behaviour of phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 433, 1-12.
10. CARTER, D. L., MACFALL, J. R., CLEGG, S. T., WAN, X., PRESCOTT, D. M., CHARLES, H. C., and SAMULSKI, T. V., 1998, Magnetic resonance thermometry during hyperthermia for human high-grade sarcoma. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 40, 815-822.
11. CHELVI, P. T., JAIN, S. K., and RALHAN, R., 1995a, Heat-mediated selective delivery of liposome-associated melphalan in murine melanoma. Melanoma Research, 5, 321-326.
12. CHELVI, T. P., JAIN, S. K., and RALHAN, R., 1995b, Hyperthermia-mediated targeted delivery of thermosensitive liposome-encapsulated melphalan in murine tumors. Oncology Research, 7, 393-398.
13. CHELVI, T. P., and RALHAN, R., 1995, Designing of thermosensitive liposomes from natural lipids for multimodality cancer therapy. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 11, 685-695.
14. COLLINS, D., and HUANG, L., 1987, Cytotoxicity of diphtheria toxin A fragment to toxin-resistant murine cells delivered by pH-sensitive immunoliposomes. Cancer Research, 47, 735-739.
15. CONWAY, J., HAWLEY, M., MANGNALL, Y. F., AMASHA, H., and VAN RHOON, G. C., 1992, Experimental assessment of electrical impedance imaging for hyperthermia monitoring. Clinical Physics and Physiology Measurement, 13, 185-189.
16. COPE, D., DEWHIRST, M. W., FRIEDMAN, H. S., BIGNER, D. D., and ZALUTSKY, M. R., 1990, Enhanced delivery of a monoclonal antibody F(ab')2 fragment to subcutaneous human glioma xenografts using local hyperthermia. Cancer Research, 50, 1803-1809.
17. DASS, C. R., WALKER, T. L., BURTON, M. A., and DECRUZ, E. E., 1997, Enhanced anticancer therapy mediated by specialized liposomes. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, 49, 972-975.
18. DEWHIRST, M. W., PROSNITZ, L., THRALL, D., PRESCOTT, D., CLEGG, S., CHARLES, C., MACFALL, J., ROSNER, G., SAMULSKI, T., GILLETTE, E., and LARUE, S., 1997, Hyperthermic treatment of malignant diseases: Current status and a view toward the future. Seminars in Oncology, 24, 616-625.
19. DUDAR, T., and JAIN, R., 1984, Differential response of normal and tumor microcirculation to hyperthermia. Cancer Research, 44, 605-612.
20. EMAMI, B., and SONG, C., 1984, Physiological mechanisms in hyperthermia: a review. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 10, 289-295.
21. FALLONE, B., MORAN, P. R., and POGORSAK, E. B., 1982, Non-invasive thermometry with a clinical X-ray CT scanner. Medical Physics, 9, 715-721.
22. FINKLESTEIN, M., and WEISSMANN, G., 1979, Enzyme replacement via liposomes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 587, 202-216.
23. FREEMAN, A. I., and MAYHEW, E., 1986, Targeted drug delivery. Cancer, 58, 573-583.
24. FUJIWARA, K., and WATANABE, T., 1990, Effects of hyperthermia, radiotherapy and thermoradiotherapy on tumor microvascular permeability. Acta Pathologica Japonica, 40, 79-84.
25. GABER, M. H., 1998, Effect of bovine serum on the phase transition temperature of cholesterol-containing liposomes. Journal of Microencapsulation, 15, 207-214.
26. GABER, M. H., HONG, K., HUANG, S. K., and PAPAHADJOPOULOS, D., 1995, Thermosensitive sterically stabilized liposomes: formulation and in vitro studies on mechanism of doxorubicin release by bovine serum and human plasma. Pharmaceutical Research, 12, 1407-1416.
27. GABER, M. H., WU, N. Z., HONG, K., HUANG, S. K., DEWHIRST, M. W., and PAPAHADJOPOULOS, D., 1996, Thermosensitive liposomes: extravasation and release of contents in tumor microvascular networks. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 36, 1177-1187.
28. GERLOWSKI, L., and JAIN, R., 1985, Effect of hyperthermia on microvascular permeability to macromolecules in normal and tumor tissues. International Journal of Microcirculation: Clinical & Experimental, 4, 363-372.
29. GREEN, S., FORTIER, A., DIJKSTRA, J., MADSEN, J., SWARTZ, G., EINCK, L., GUBIS, E., and NACY, C., 1995, Liposomal vaccines. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 383, 83-92.
30. GULATI, M., BAJAD, S., SINGH, S., FERDOUS, A. J., and SINGH, M., 1998, Development of liposomal amphotericin B formulation. Journal of Microencapsulation, 15, 137-151.
31. HAHN, G. M., BRAUN, J., and HAR-KEDAR, I., 1975, Thermochemotherapy: synergism between hyperthermia (42-43 degrees) and adriamycin (of bleomycin) in mammalian cell inactivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 72, 937-940.
32. HAUCK, M., COFFIN, D. O., DODGE, R. K., DEWHIRST, M. W., MITCHELL, J. B., and ZALUTSKY, M. R., 1997, A local hyperthermia treatment which enhances antibody uptake in a glioma xenograft model does not affect tumour interstitial fluid pressure. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 13, 307-316.
33. HAYASHI, H., KONO, K., and TAKAGISHI, T., 1996, Temperature-controlled release property of phospholipid vesicles bearing a thermo-sensitive polymer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1280, 127-134.
34. HERMAN, T. S., 1983, Temperature dependence of adriamycin, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, bleomycin, and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea cytotoxicity in vitro. Cancer Research, 43, 517-520.
35. HORSMAN, M. R., and OVERGAARD, J., 1997, Can mild hyperthermia improve tumour oxygenation? International Journal of Hyperthermia, 13, 141-147.
36. HOSONO, M. N., HOSONO, M., ENDO, K., UEDA, R., and ONOYAMA, Y., 1994, Effect of hyperthermia on tumor uptake of radiolabeled anti-neural cell adhesion molecule antibody in small-cell lung cancer xenografts. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 35, 504-509.
37. HUANG, S. K., LEE, K. D., HONG, K., FRIEND, D. S., and PAPAHADJOPOULOS, D., 1992, Microscopic localization of sterically stabilized liposomes in colon carcinoma-bearing mice. Cancer Research, 52, 5135-5143.
38. HUANG, S. K., STAUFFER, P. R., HONG, K., GUO, J. W., PHILLIPS, T. E., HUANG, A., and PAPAHADJOPOULOS, D., 1994, Liposomes and hyperthermia in mice: increased tumor uptake and therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin in sterically stabilized liposomes. Cancer Research, 54, 2186-2191.
39. IGA, K., HAMAGUCHI, N., IGARI, Y., OGAWA, Y., YOGUCHI, H., and SHIMAMOTO, T., 1989, Heat-specific drug release of large unilamellar vesicle as hyperthermia-mediated targeted delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 57, 241-251.
40. IGA, K., HAMAGUCHI, N., IGARI, Y., OGAWA, Y., GOTOH, K., OOTSU, K., TOGUCHI, H., and SHIMAMOTO, T., 1991a, Enhanced antitumor activity in mice after administration of thermosensitive liposome encapsulating cisplatin with hyperthermia. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 257, 1203-1207.
41. IGA, K., HAMAGUCHI, N., IGARI, Y., OGAWA, Y., TOGUCHI, H., and SHIMAMOTO, T., 1991b, Increased tumor cisplatin levels in heated tumors in mice after administration of thermosensitive, large unilamellar vesicles encapsulating cisplatin. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 80, 522-525.
42. JAIN, R. K., 1987, Transport of molecules across tumor vasculature. Cancer Metastasis Review, 6, 559-593.
43. JULIANO, R., and STAMP, D., 1975, The effect of particle size and charge on the clearance rates of liposomes and liposome encapsulated drugs. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 63, 651-658.
44. KACAK, R., WINANS, D. E., EDRICH, J., and HENDEE, W. R., 1981, Millimeter wavelength thermographic scanner. Medical Physics, 8, 462-465.
45. KAKINUMA, K., TANAKA, R., TAKAHASHI, H., WATANABE, M., NAKAGAWA, T., and KUROKI, M., 1996, Targeting chemotherapy for malignant brain tumor using thermosensitive liposome and localized hyperthermia. Journal of Neurosurgery, 84, 180-184.
46. KARINO, T., KOGA, S., and MAETA, M., 1988, Experimental studies of the effects of local hyperthermia on blood flow, oxygen pressure, and pH in tumors. Japanese Journal of Surgery, 18, 276-283.
47. KAYE, S. B., 1981, Liposomes - problems and promise as selective drug carriers. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 8, 27-50.
48. KIM, M., CHUNG, S. J., LEE, M. H., and SHIM, C. K., 1998, Delivery of hydrocortisone from liposomal suspensions to the hairless mouse skin following topical application under non-occlusive and occlusive conditions. Journal of Microencapsulation, 15, 21-29.
49. KIM, S., 1993, Liposomes as carriers of cancer chemotherapy. Current status and future prospects. Drugs, 46, 618-638.
50. KIRBY, C., CLARKE, J., and GREGORIADIS, G., 1980, Effect of cholesterol content of small unilamellar liposomes on their stability in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical Journal, 186, 591-598.
51. R Liposomes (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press).
52. LASIC, D. D., and PAPAHADJOPOULOS, D., 1995, Liposomes revisited. Science, 267, 1275-1276.
53. LEE, A. G., 1977, Lipid phase transitions and phase diagrams. I. Lipid phase transitions. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 472, 237-281.
54. LEFOR, A., MAKOHON, S., and ACKERMAN, N. B., 1985, The effects of hyperthermia on vascular permeability in experimental liver metastasis. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 28, 297-300.
55. LI, S., KHOKHAR, A. R., PEREZ-SOLER, R., and HUANG, L., 1995, Improved antitumor activity of cis-Bis-neodecanoato-trans-R,R-1,2- diaminocyclohexaneplatinum (II) entrapped in long-circulating liposomes. Oncology Research, 7, 611-617.
56. LITZINGER, D., and HUANG, L., 1992, Phosphatidylethanolamine liposomes: drug delivery, gene transfer, and immunodiagnostic applications. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1113, 201-227.
57. LITZINGER, D. C., BUITING, A. M. J., VAN ROOIJEN, N., and HUANG, L., 1994, Effect of liposome size on the circulation time and intraorgan distribution of amphipathic poly(ethylene glycol)-containing liposomes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1190, 99-107.
58. MAEKAWA, S., SUGIMACHI, K., and KITAMURA, M., 1987, Selective treatment of metastatic lymph nodes with combination of local hyperthermia and temperature-sensitive liposomes containing bleomycin. Cancer Treatment Reports, 71, 1053-1059.
59. MAGIN, R. L., and NIESMAN, M. R., 1984a, Temperature-dependent drug release from large unilamellar liposomes. Cancer Drug Delivery, 1, 109-117.
60. MAGIN, R. L., and NIESMAN, M. R., 1984b, Temperature-dependent permeability of large unilamellar liposomes. Chemistry & Physics of Lipids, 34, 245-256.
61. MAGIN, R. L., HUNTER, J. M., NIESMAN, M. R., and BARK, G. A., 1986, Effect of vesicle size on the clearance, distribution, and tumor uptake of temperature-sensitive liposomes. Cancer Drug Delivery, 3, 223-237.
62. MARMOR, J., HILERIO, F. J., and HAHN, F. M., 1979, Tumor erradication and cell survival after localized hyperthermia induced by ultrasound. Cancer Research, 39, 2166-2171.
63. MARUYAMA, K., UNEZAKI, S., TAKAHASHI, N., and IWATSURU, M., 1993, Enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to tumor by long-circulating thermosensitive liposomes and local hyperthermia. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1149, 209-216.
64. MASSING, U., 1996, Cancer therapy with liposomal formulations of anticancer drugs. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 35, 87-90.
65. MAYER, L. D., TAI, L., KO, D., MASIN, D., GINSBHRG, R. S., CULLIS, P. R., and BALLY, M. B., 1989, Influence of vesicle size, lipid composition, and drug-to-lipid ratio on the biological activity of liposomal doxorubicin in mice. Cancer Research, 49, 5922-5930.
66. MAYHEW, E., and PAPAHAJOPOULOS, D., 1983, Therapeutic applications of liposomes. Liposomes, edited by M. Ostro (New York: Dekker), pp. 289-341.
67. MERLIN, J. L., 1991a, Encapsulation of doxorubicin in thermosensitive small unilamellar vesicle liposomes. European Journal of Cancer, 27, 1026-1030.
68. MERLIN, J. L., 1991b, In vitro evaluation of the association of thermosensitive liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin with hyperthermia. European Journal of Cancer, 27, 1031-1034.
69. MERLIN, J. L., MARCHAL, S., RAMACCI, C., NOTTER, D., and VIGNERON, C., 1993, Antiproliferative activity of thermosensitive liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin combined with 43 degrees C hyperthermia in sensitive and multidrug-resistant MCF-7 cells. European Journal of Cancer, 29A, 2264-2268.
70. MERLIN, J. L., MARCHAL, S., RAMACCI, C., NOTTER, D., and VIGNERON, C., 1995, Modulation of daunorubicin intracellular accumulation in P-glycoprotein expressing MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells by thermosensitive-liposome encapsulation and hyperthermia. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 11, 855-865.
71. MUGGIA, F., 1997, Clinical efficacy and prospects for use of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers. Drugs, 54, 22-29.
72. NEEDHAM, D., HRISTOVA, K., MCINTOSH, T. J., DEWHIRST, M. W., Wu, N., and LASIC, D. D., 1992, Polymer-grafted liposomes: physical basis for the 'stealth' property. Journal of Liposome Research, 2, 411-430.
73. NING, S., MACLEOD, K., ABRA, R. M., HUANG, A. H., and HAHN, G. M., 1994, Hyperthermia induces doxorubicin release from long-circulating liposomes and enhances their anti-tumor efficacy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 29, 827-834.
74. NISHIMURA, Y., ONO, K., HIRAOKA, M., MASUNAGA, S., JO, S., SHIBAMOTO, Y., SASAI, K., ABE, M., IGA, K., and OGAWA, Y., 1990, Treatment of murine SCC VII tumors with localized hyperthermia and temperature-sensitive liposomes containing cisplatin. Radiation Research, 122, 161-167.
75. PAPAHADJOPOULOS, D., JACOBSON, K., NIR, S., and ISAC, T., 1973, Phase transitions in phospholipid vesicles. Fluorescence polarization and permeability measurements concerning the effect of temperature and cholesterol. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 311, 330-348.
76. PENCE, D., and SONG, C., 1986, Effects of heat on blood flow. Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment, edited by L. Anghileri and J. Robert (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press), pp. 1-16.
77. ROBERT, J., MARCHAL, C., DROCOURT, M., ESCANYE, J. M., THOUVENOT, P., GAULARD, M. L., and TOSSER, A., 1982, Ultrasound velocimetry for hyperthermia control. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, 107, 555-60.
78. SCHERPHOF, G., 1981, Interactions of liposomes with plasma proteins and components of the immune system. Liposomes from Physical Structure to Therapeutic Applications, edited by C. C. Knight (Amsterdam: Elsevier), Chapter 10, pp 299-322.
79. SCHUSTER, J., ZALUTSKY, M. R., NOSKA, M. A., DODGE, R., FRIEDMAN, H. S., BIGNER, D. D., and DEWHIRST, M. W., 1995, Hyperthermic modulation of radiolabelled antibody uptake in a human glioma xenograft and normal tissues. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 11, 59-72.
80. SHINKAI, M., SUZUKI, M., IIJIMA, S., and KOBAYASHI, T., 1995, Antibody-conjugated magnetoliposomes for targeting cancer cells and their application in hyperthermia. Biotechnology & Applied Biochemistry, 21, 125-137.
81. SHINKAI, M., YANASE, M., HONDA, H., WAKABAYASHI, T., YOSHIDA, J., and KOBAYASHI, T., 1996, Intracellular hyperthermia for cancer using magnetite cationic liposomes: in vitro study. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 87, 1179-1183.
82. SINGH, R., and VYAS, S., 1996, Topical liposomal system for localized and controlled drug delivery. Journal of Dermatological Science, 13, 107-111.
83. SLEPUSHKIN, V. A., SIMOES, S., DAZIN, P., NEWMAN, M. S., GUO, L. S., PEDROSO DE LIMA, M. C., and DÜZGÜNES, N., 1997, Sterically stabilized pH-sensitive liposomes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272, 2382-2388.
84. SONG, C., 1984, Effects of local hyperthermia on blood flow and microenvironment: a review. Cancer Research, 44, 4721S-4730S.
85. SONG, C., KANG, M. S., RHEE, J. G., and LEVIRR, S. H., 1980, Effect of hyperthermia on vascular function in normal and neoplastic tissues. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 335, 35-43.
86. SONG, C., LOKSHINA, A., RHEE, J. G., PATTEN, M., and LEVITT, S. H., 1984, Implication of blood flow in hyperthermic treatment of tumors. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 31, 9-16.
87. STEHLING, M., TURNER, R., and MANSFIELD, P., 1991, Echo-planar imaging: magnetic resonance imaging in a fraction of a second. Science, 254, 43-50.
88. TACKER, J. R., and ANDERSON, R. U., 1982, Delivery of antitumor drug to bladder cancer by use of phase transition liposomes and hyperthermia. Journal of Urology, 127, 1211-1214.
89. TOMITA, T., WATANABE, M., TAKAHASHI, T., KUMAI, K., TADAKUMA, T., and YASUDA, T., 1989, Temperature-sensitive release of adriamycin, an amphiphilic antitumor agent, from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol liposomes. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 978, 185-190.
90. TORCHILIN, V., 1996, Liposomes as delivery agents for medical imaging. Molecular Medicine Today, 2, 242-249.
91. UNEZAKI, S., MARUYAMA, K., TAKAHASHI, N., KOYAMA, M., YUDA, T., SUGINAKA, A., and IWATSURU, M., 1994, Enhanced delivery and antitumor activity of doxorubicin using long-circulating thermosensitive liposomes containing amphipathic polyethylene glycol in combination with local hyperthermia. Pharmaceutical Research, 11, 1180-1185.
92. VAN BREE, C., KROOSHOOP, J. J., RIETBROEK, R. C., KIPP, J. B., and BAKKER, P. J., 1996, Hyperthermia enhances tumor uptake and antitumor efficacy of thermostable liposomal daunorubicin in a rat solid tumor. Cancer Research, 56, 563-568.
93. VAUPEL, P. W., 1997, The influence of tumor blood flow and microenvironmental factors on the efficacy of radiation, drugs, and localized hyperthermia. Klinische Padiatrie, 209, 243-249.
94. WATERMAN, F. M., TUPCHONG, L., NERLINGER, R. E., and MATTHEWS, J., 1991, Blood flow in human tumors during local hyperthermia. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 20, 1255-1262.
95. 59Co complexes. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 11, 821-827.
96. WEINSTEIN, J. N., 1984, Liposomes as drug carriers in cancer therapy. Cancer Treatment Reports, 68, 127-135.
97. WEINSTEIN, J. N., MAGIN, R. L., YATVIN, M. B., and ZAHARKO, D. S., 1979, Liposomes and local hyperthermia: selective delivery of methotrexate to heated tumors. Science, 204, 188-191.
98. WEINSTEIN, J. N., MAGIN, R. L., CYSYK, R. L., and ZAHARKO, D. S., 1980, Treatment of solid L1210 murine tumors with local hyperthermia and temperature-sensitive liposomes containing methotrexate. Cancer Research, 40, 1388-1395.
99. WEINSTEIN, J. N., KLAUSNER, R. D., INNERARITY, T., RALSTON, E., and BLUMENTHAL, R., 1981, Phase transition release, a new approach to the interaction of proteins with lipid vesicles. Application to lipoproteins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 647, 270-284.
100. WU, N. Z., KLITZMAN, B., ROSNER, G., NEEDHAM, D., and DEWHIRST, M. W., 1993a, Measurement of material extravasation in microvascular networks using fluorescence videomicroscopy. Microvascular Research, 46, 231-253.
101. R liposomes in tumor tissue. Cancer Research, 53, 3765-3770.
102. YANASE, M., SHINKAI, M., HONDA, H., WAKABAYASHI, T., YOSHIDA, J., and KOBAYASHI, T., 1997. Intracellular hyperthermia for cancer using magnetite cationic liposomes: ex vivo study. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 88, 630-632.
103. YANASE, M., SHINKAI, M., HONDA, H, WAKABAYASHI, T., YOSHIDA, J., and KOBAYASHI, T., 1998. Intracellular hyperthermia for cancer using magnetite cationic liposomes: an in vivo study. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 89, 463-469.
104. YATVIN, M. B., WEINSTEIN, J. N., DENNIS, W. H., and BLUMENTHAL, R., 1978, Design of liposomes for enhanced local release of drugs by hyperthermia. Science, 202, 1290-1293.
105. YATVIN, M. B., MUHLENSIEPEN, H., PORSCHEN, W., WEINSTEIN, J. N., and FEINENDEGEN, L. E., 1981, Selective delivery of liposome-associated cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) by heat and its influence on tumor drug uptake and growth. Cancer Research, 41, 1602-1607.
106. YUAN, F., DELLIAN, M., FUKUMURA, D., LEUNIG, M., BERK, D. A., TORCHILIN, V., and JAIN, R. K., 1995, Vascular permeability in a human tumor xenograft: molecular size dependence and cutoff size. Cancer Research, 55, 3752-3756.
107. ZHANG, Y., SAMULSKI, T. V., JOINES, W. T., MATTIELLO, J., LEVIN, R. L., and LE BIHAN, D., 1992, On the accuracy of noninvasive thermometry using molecular diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 8, 263-274.
108. ZOU, Y. Y., UENO, M., YAMAGISHI, M., HORIKOSHI, I., YAMASHITA, I., TAZAWA, K., and GU, X. Q., 1990, Targeting behavior of hepatic artery injected temperature sensitive liposomal adriamycin on tumor-bearing rats. Selective Cancer Therapeutics, 6, 119-127.
109. ZOU, Y., YAMAGISHI, M., HORIKOSHI, I., UENO, M., GU, X.Q., and PEREZ-SOLER, R., 1993, Enhanced therapeutic effect against liver W256 carcinosarcoma with temperature-sensitive liposomal adriamycin administered into the hepatic artery. Cancer Research, 53, 3046-3051.