Development of liposomal amphotericin B formulation

Journal of Microencapsulation

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 137-151

  Gulati, M ^a   Bajad, S ^a   Singh, S ^b   Ferdous, A J ^c   Singh, M ^c  

^a PANJAB UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH NIPER   (India)

^c FLORIDA A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

AmBisome; Amphotericin B; Formulation; Fungizone; Liposome

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPHOTERICIN B CHOLESTEROL SULFATE; AMPHOTERICIN B DEOXYCHOLATE; AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; LIPOSOME; POTASSIUM ION;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ARTHRALGIA; BLOOD TOXICITY; CANCER PATIENT; CARDIOTOXICITY; CHILL; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG INFUSION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SYNTHESIS; ENCAPSULATION; FEVER; HUMAN; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPOKALEMIA; HYPOTENSION; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; INHALATIONAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; KIDNEY DISEASE; LD 50; LOW BACK PAIN; MYCOSIS; NEUTROPENIA; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; RIGOR; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; VOMITING;

EID: 0031905563     PISSN: 02652048     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/02652049809006844     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. AHMAD, I., SARKAR, A. K., and BACHAWAT, B. K.,1989, Design of liposomes to improve delivery of amphotericin-B in the treatment of aspergillosis. Molecular Cell Biochemistry, 91, 85-90.
2. AHMAD, I., SARKAR, A. K., and BACHAWAT, B. K.,1990, Effect of cholesterol in various liposomal compositions on the in-vivo toxicity, therapeutic efficacy and tissue distribution of amphotericin B. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 12, 550-556.
3. ANAISSIE, E. J., HO, D., and PAETZNICK, V.,1990, Comparative in vitro activities of liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B against 104 clinical yeast isolates from a large cancer center. Abstracts of 90th Annual Meeting of American Society of Microbiology, Anaheim, CA, p. 19.
4. ANAISSIE, E. J., WHITE, M., UZUN, O., SINGER, C., BODEY, G. P., MATZKE, D., AZARNIA, N., and LOPEZ-BERESTEIN, G.,1995, Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) versus amphotericin B for treatment of hematogenous and invasive candidiasis. Abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco: American Society of Microbiology, Washington, DC, p. 330.
5. ATKINSON, A. J., JR, and BENNETT, J. E.,1978, Amphotericin B pharmacokinetics in humans. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 13, 271-276.
6. BERENGUER, J., MUNOZ, P., PARRAS, F., and FERNANDEZ-BECA, V.,1994, Treatment of deep mycoses with liposomal amphotericin B. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 13, 504-507.
7. BRAJTBURG, J., GRUDA, I., DAIGLE, I., and MEDOFF, G.,1986, Concentration dependent dual effect of the monolauryl ester of sucrose on the antifungal activity and absorbtion spectra of amphotericin B. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 33, 362-368.
8. BRAJTBURG, J., POWDERLY, W. G., KOBAYASHI, G. S., and MEDO, G.,1990, Amphotericin B: current understanding of mechanisms of action. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 34, 183-188.
9. CAILLOT, D., CASSASNOVAS, O., SOLARY, D., CHAVANET, P., BONNETTE, B., and RENY, G.,1993, Efficacy and tolerance of an amphotericin B lipid (intralipid) emulsion on the treatment of candidaemia in neutropenic patients. Journal of Antomicrobial Chemotherapy, 31, 161-169.
10. CHAVANET, P., CHARLIER, N., GOUX, A., MUGGEO, E., BRENET, A., and ARTHUR, R.,1991, Interaction of intralipide-amphotericine B in vivo. In abstracts of the 11th Reunion Interdisciplinaire de chimiotherapie anti-infectieuse, Paris, Abs. 220, 181.
11. CHEN, W., and BITTMAN, R.,1977, Kinetics of association of amphotericin B with vesicles. Biochemistry, 16, 4145-4149.
12. CHOPRA, R., BLAIR, S., STRANG, J., PATTERSON, K. G., and GOLDSTONE, A. H.,1991, Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in the treatment of fungal infections in neutropenic patients. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 28, 93-104.
13. CHOPRA, R., FIELDING, A., and GOLDSTONE, A. H.,1992, Successful treatment of fungal infections in neutropenic patients with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome). Leukemia and Lymphatics, 7, 73-77.
14. CHRISTIANSEN, K. J., BERNARD, E. M., GOLD, J. W. N., and ARMSTRONG, D.,1985, Distribution and activity of amphotericin B in humans. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 152, 1037-1043.
15. CHUK, S. L., and SANDE, M. A.,1989, Infections with Cryptococcus neoformans in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 321, 794-799.
16. CLARK, J. M., WHITNEY, R. R., OLSEN, S. J., GEORGE, R. J., SWERDEL, M. R., and KUNSELMAN, L.,1991, Amphotericin B lipid complex therapy of experimental infections in mice. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 35, 615-621.
17. COKER, R. J., VIVIANI, M., GAZZARD, B. G., DUPONT, B., POHLE, H. D., MURPHY, S. M., ATOUGUIA, J., CHAMPALIMAUD, J. L., and HARRIS, J. R. W.,1993, Treatment of cryptococcosis with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in 23 patients with AIDS. AIDS, 7, 829-835.
18. COLEMAN, J. M., HOGG, G. G., ROSENFELD, J. V., and WATERS, K. D.,1995, Invasive central nervous system aspergillosis: cure with liposomal amphotericin B, itraconazole and radical surgery - case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery, 36, 858-863.
19. COLLETTE, N., VAN DER AUWERA, P., MEUNIER, F., LAMBERT, C., SCULIER, J. P., and COUNE, A.,1991, Tissue distribution and bioactivity of amphotericin B administered in liposomes to cancer patients. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 27, 535-548.
20. CROFT, S. L., DAVIDSON, R. N., and THORNTON, E. A.,1991, Liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 28, 111-118.
21. DORNBUSCH, H. J., URBAN, C. E., PINTER, H., GINTER, G., POTTER, R., BECKER, H., MIORINI, T., and BERGHOLD, C.,1995, Treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in severely neutropenic children with malignant disorders using liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and surgery: report of five cases. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 12, 577-586.
22. DUFOURE, E. J., SMITH, I. C., and JERRELL, H. C.,1984, Interaction of amphotericin B with membrane lipids as viewed by 2H-NMR. Biophysica et Biochimica Acta, 778, 435-442.
23. EISENBERG, E. S., LEVITON, I., and SOEIRO, R.,1986, Fungal peritonitis in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis: experience with 11 patients and review of literature. Reviews on Infectious Diseases, 8, 309-321.
24. FIELDING, R. M., SMITH, P. C., WANG, L. H., PORTER, J., and GUO, L. S. S.,1991, Comparative pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B after administration of a novel delivery system, ABCD, and a conventional formulation to rat. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 35, 1208-1211.
25. GALLIS, H. A., DREW, R. H., and PICKARD, W. W.,1990, Amphotericin B; 30 years of clinical experience. Reviews on Infectious Diseases, 12, 308-326.
26. GOKHALE, P. C., KOTWANI, R. N., DANCE, S. Y., KSHIRSAGAR, N. A., and PANDIYA, S. K.,1993, Preclinical and pharmaceutical testing of liposomal amphotericin B. India Journal of Medical Research, 98, 75-78.
27. GONDAL, J. A., SWARTZ, R. P., and RAHMAN, A.,1989, Therapeutic Evaluation of free and liposome encapsulated amphotericin B in the treatment of systemic candidiasis in mice. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 33, 1544-1548.
28. GRAYBILL, J. R., and BOCANEGRA, R.,1995, Liposomal amphotericin B therapy of murine Histoplasmosis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 39, 1885-1887.
29. GRAYBILL, J. R., CRAVEN, P. C., TAYLOR, R. L., WILLIAMS, D. M., and MAGEE, W. E.,1982, Treatment of murine cryptococcosis with liposome associated amphotericin B. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 145, 748-752.
30. HEINEMANN, V., KAHNY, B., DEBUS, A., WACHHOLZ, K., and JEHN, U.,1994, Pharmacokinetics of liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome) versus other lipid-based formulations. Bone Marrow Transplant, 14, S8-9.
31. HOLZ, R. W.,1979, Mechanism of action of antieukaryotic and antiviral compounds. In Antibiotics, edited by D. Gottlieb and P. D. Shaw (New York: Springer), vol. 2, pp, 313-340.
32. HOPPER, R. L., MILLS, K., MEHTA, R., LOPEZ-BERESTEIN, G., FAINSTEIN, V., and JULIANO, R. L.,1984, In-vitro antifungal activities of amphotericin B and liposomal amphotericin B. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 25, 387-389.
33. HOSKING, M. C., MACDONALD, N. E., and CORNEL, G.,1995, Liposomal amphotericin B for postoperative Aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 59, 1015-1017.
34. HOSPENTHAL, D., GRETZINGER, K., and ROGERS, A. L.,1989, Treatment of murine model of systemic candidiasis with liposomal amphotericin B bearing antibody to C. albicans. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 30, 193-197.
35. JANOFF, A. S., BONI, L. T., POPESCU, M. C., MINCHEY, S. Y., CULLIS, P. R., MADDEN, T. D., TARASCHI, T., GRUNER, S. M., SHYAMSUNDER, E., TATE, M. W., MENDELSOHN, R., and BONNER, D.,1988, Unusual lipid structures selectively reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA, 85, 6122-6126.
36. JOLY, V., DROMER, J., YENI, N., SETA, N., MOLAS, G., and CARBON, C.,1989, Incorporation of amphotericin B (AmB) into liposomes alters AmB-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, 251, 311-316.
37. JULIANO, R. L., GRANT, C. W. M., BARKER, K. R., and KALP, M. A.,1987, Mechanism of the selective toxicity of amphotericin B incorporated into liposomes. Molecular Pharmacology, 31, 1-11.
38. JULIANO, R. L., and STAMP, D.,1975, The effect of particle size and charge on the clearance rate of liposomes and liposome encapsulated drugs. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 63, 651-658.
39. KARYOTAKIS, N. C., and ANAISSIE, E. J.,1994, Efficacy of escalating doses of amphotericin B (Ambisome) against hematogenous Candida lusitaniae and Candida krusei infection in neutropenic mice. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 38, 2660-2662.
40. KlRSH, R., GOLDSTEIN, R., TARLO, J., PARIS, D., HOOK, J., HANNA, N., BUGELSKl, P., and POSTE, G.,1988, An emulsion formulation of amphotericin B improves the therapeutic index when treating systemic murine candidiasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 158, 1065-1070.
41. KOTWANI, R. N., GOKHALE, P. C., KSHIRSAGAR, N. A., and PANDIYA, S. K.,1996, Optimizing dosage regimens of liposomal amphotericin B using aspergillus murine model. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 28, 88-92.
42. KRAUS, H. J., and JULIANO, R. L.,1988, Interactions of liposome incorporated amphotericin B with kidney epithelial cell cultures. Molecular Pharmacology, 34, 286-297.
43. KUCERS, A., and BENNET, N. M.,1987, Amphotericin B. In the Use of Antibiotics, 4th edn, edited by A. Kucers and N. M. Bennet (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott), pp. 1441-1447.
44. LAWRENCE, R. M., HOEPRICH, P. D., JAGDIS, F. A., MONJI, N., HUSTON, A. C., and SCHAFFNER, C. P.,1980, Distribution of doubly radiolabelled amphotericin B methyl ester and Amphotericin B in non human primate, Macaco mulatta. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 6, 241-249.
45. LOPEZ-BERESTEIN, G., BODEY, G. P., and FRANKEL, L. S.,1987, Treatment of hepatosplenic candidiasis with liposomal amphotericin B. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 5, 310-317.
46. LOPEZ-BERESTEIN, G., FAINSTEIN, V., HOPPER, R., MEHTA, K., SULLIVAN, M. P., KEATING, M., ROSENBLUM, M. G., MEHTA, R., LUNA, M., HERSH, E. M., REUBEN, J., JULIANO, R. L., and BODEY, G. P.,1985, Liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of systemic fungal infections in patients with cancer: a preliminary study. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 151, 704-710.
47. LOPEZ-BERESTEIN, G., HOPPER, R. L., MEHTA, R., MEHTA, K., HERSH, E. M., and JULIANO, R. L.,1984a, Prophylaxis of Candida albicans infection in neutropenic mice with liposome encapsulated amphotericin B. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 25, 366-367.
48. LOPEZ-BERESTEIN, G., HOPPER, R. L., MEHTA, R., MEHTA, K., HERSH, E. M., and JULIANO, R. L.,1984b, Treatment of disseminated candiasis in neutropenic mice with liposome encapsulated amphotericin B. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 3, 278-283.
49. LOPEZ-BERESTEIN, G., MEHTA, R., HOPFER, R. L., MEHTA, K., HERSH, E. M., and JULIANO, R.,1983a, Effects of sterols on the therapeutic efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B in murine candidiasis. Cancer Drug Delivery, 1, 37-42.
50. LOPEZ-BERESTEIN, G., MEHTA, R., HOPPER, R. L., MILLS, K., KASI, L., MEHTA, K., FAINSTEIN, V., LUNA, M., HERSH, E. M., and JULIANO, R.,1983b. Treatment and prophylaxis of disseminated infection due to Candida albicans in mice with liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 147, 939-945.
51. MEHTA, K., LOPEZ-BERESTEIN, G., HOPFER, R. L., MILLS, K., and JULIANO, R. L.,1984, Liposomal amphotricin B is toxic to fungal cells, but not to mammalian cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 778, 435-442.
52. MEHTA, R., MEHTA, K., LOPEZ-BERESTEIN, G., and JULIANO, R. L.,1985, Effect of liposomal amphotericin B on murine macrophages and lymphocytes. Infection and Immunity, 47, 429-433.
53. MEUNIER, F., PRENTICE, H. G., RINGELEN, O.,1991, Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome): safety data from phase II/III clinical trial. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 28, (suppl. B), 73-82.
54. MILLS, W., CHOPRA, R., LINCH, D. C., and COLDSTONE, A. H., 1994, Liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of fungal infections in neutropenic patients. British Journal of Haematology, 86, 754-760.
55. MITSUTAKE, K., KOHNO, S., MIYAZAKI, Y., and NODA, T.,1994, In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B lipid complex. Mycopathologia, 128, 13-17.
56. MOREAU, P., MILPIED, N., FAYETTE, N., RAMEE, J. P., and TROUSSEAU, J. L.,1992, Reduced renal toxicity and improved clinical tolerance of amphotericin B mixed with intralipid compared with conventional amphotericin B in neutropenic patients. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 30, 535-541.
57. NEW, R. R. C., CHANCE, M. L., and HEATH, S.,1981, Antileishmanial activity of amphotericin and other antifungal agents entrapped in liposomes. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 8, 371-381.
58. NEW, R. R. C., CHANCE, M. L., THOMAS, S. C., and PETERS, W.,1978, The antileishmanial activity of antimonials entrapped in liposomes. Nature, 277, 55-56.
59. NG, T. T. C., and DENNING, D. W.,1995, Liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome) therapy in invasive fungal infections. Archives of Internal Medicine, 155, 1093-1098.
60. NIX, D. E., DURRENCE, C. W., and MAY, J. R.,1985, Amphotericin B bladder irrigations. Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy, 19, 299-300.
61. PATTERSON, T. F., MINITER, P., DIJKSTRA, J., SZOKA, F. C., RYAN, J. L., and ANDRIOLE, V. T.,1989, Treatment of experimental invasive aspergillosis with novel amphotericin B/ cholesterol-sulphate complexes. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 159, 717-724.
62. PAYNE, N. I., COSGROVE, R. S., GREEN, A. P., and LIU, L.,1987, In-vivo studies of amphotericin B liposomes derived from proliposomes: Effect of formulation on toxicity and tissue disposition of the drug in mice. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 39, 24-28.
63. PURCELL, I. F., and CORRIS, P. A.,1995, Use of nebulised liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus empyema. Thorax, 50, 1321-1323.
64. PROFFIT, R. T., SATORIUS, A., CHIANG, S., SULLIVAN, L., and ALDER-MOORE, J. P.,1991, Pharmacology and toxicology of a liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in rodents. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 28, 49-61.
65. RAGAN, M., and CHAPMAN, A. A.,1978, A Biochemical Phylogeny of Protists, (London: Academic).
66. RINGDEN, O., MEUNIER, F., TOLLEMAR, J., RICCI, P., TURA, S., and KUSE, E.,1991, Efficacy of Amphotericin B encapsulated in liposomes (AmBisome) in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 28, 73-82.
67. SAAG, M. S., POWDERLY, W. G., CLOUD, G. A., ROBINSON, P., GREICO, M. H., SHARKEY, P. K., THOMPSON, S. E., SUGAR, A. M., TUAZON, C. U., FISHER, J. P., HYSLOP, N., JACOBSON, J. M., HAFNER, R., and DISMUKES, W. E.,1992, Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDS associated cryptococcal meningitis. New England Journal of Medicine, 326, 83-89.
68. SALAKI, J. S., LOURIA, D. R., and CHMEL, H.,1984, Fungal and yeast infections of the central nervous system: a clinical review. Medicine, 63, 108-132.
69. SCHURMAN, D., MARQUES, B. M., GRUNEWALD, T., POHLE, H. D., HAHN, H., and RUF, B.,1991, Safety and efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B in treating AIDS associated disseminated cryptococcosis. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 164, 620-622.
70. SCULIER, J. P., COUNE, A., MEUNIER, F., BRASSNNE, C., LADURON, C., HOLLAERT, C., COLLETTE, N., HEYMANS, C., and KLASTERSKY, J.,1988, Pilot study of amphotericin B entrapped in sonicated liposomes in cancer patients with fungal infections. European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology, 24, 527-538.
71. SCULIER, J. P., BRON, D., COUNE, A., and MEUNIER, P.,1989, Successful treatment with liposomal amphotericin B in two patients with persisting fungemia. European Journal of Chemistry and Microbiology of Infectious Diseases, 8, 903-907.
72. SEAMAN, J., BOER, C., WILKINSON, R., and DE JONG, J.,1995, Liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome) in the treatment of kala-azar under field conditions. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21, 188-193.
73. SOKOL-ANDERSON, M. L., BRAJTBURG, J., and MEDO, G., 1986a, Amphotericin B induced oxidative damage and killing of Candida albicans. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 154, 76-83.
74. SOKOL-ANDERSON, M. L., BRAJTBURG, J., and MEDO, G.,1986b. Sensitivity of Candida albicans to amphotericin B administered as single or fractional doses. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 29, 701-702.
75. STAMM, A. M., and DISMUKES, W. E.,1983, Current therapy of pulmonary and disseminated fungal diseases. Chest, 83, 911-917.
76. SZOKA, F. C., MILHOLLAND, D., and BARZA, M.,1987, Effect of lipid composition and liposome size on toxicity and in-vitro fungicidal activity of liposome intercalated amphotericin B. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 31, 421-429.
77. TAYLOR, R. L., WILLIAMS, D. M., CRAVEN, P. C., GRAYBILL, J. R., DRUTZ, D. J., and MAGEE, W. E.,1982, Amphotericin B in liposomes: a novel therapy for histoplasmosis. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 125, 610-611.
78. TOLLEMAR, J., HOCKERSTEDT, K., ERICZON, B. G., JALANKO, H., and RlNGDEN, O.,1995, Liposomal amphotericin B prevents invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipients. A randomized placebo-controlled study. Transplantation, 59, 45-50.
79. TREMBLAY, C., BARZA, M., FLORE, C., and SZOKA, F.,1984, Efficacy of liposome intercalated amphotericin B in the treatment of systemic candidiasis in mice. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 26, 170-173.
80. VAN ETTEN, E. W. M., OTTE-LAMBELLION, M., VAN VIANEN, W., TEN KATE, M. T., and 1 BASKKER-WOUDENBERG, I. A. J. M.,1995a, Biodistribution of AmBisome in uninfected immunocompetent mice and leucopenic mice infected with Candida albicans. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 35, 509-519.
81. VAN ETTEN, E. W. M., VAN VIANEN, W., TIJHUIS, R. H. G., STORM, G., and BAKKER-WOUDENBERG, I. A. J. M.,1995b, Sterically stabilized amphotericin B-liposomes: toxicity and biodistribution in mice. Journal of Controlled Release, 37, 123-129.
82. VAN ETTEN, E. W. M., TEN KATE, M. T., STEARNE, K. L. E. T., and BAKKER-WOUDENBERG, I. A. J. M.,1995c, Amphotericin B liposomes with prolonged circulation in blood: in vitro antifungal activity, toxicity and efficacy in systemic candidiasis in leukopenic mice. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 39, 1954-1958.
83. VAN HOOGEVEST, P., and DE KRUIJFF, B.,1978, Effect of amphotericin B on cholesterol containing liposomes of egg phosphatidylcholine and didocosenoyl phosphatidylcholine. A refinement of the model for the formation of pores by amphotericin B in membranes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 511, 397-407.
84. WARNOCK, D. W.,1991, Amphotericin B: an introduction. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 28, 27-38.
85. WASAN, K. M., and LOPEZ-BERESTEIN, G.,1994, Interaction of liposomal amphotericin B and serum lipoproteins within biological milieu. Journal of Drug Targeting, 2, 373-380.