The promise of immunoprophylaxis for prevention of acute otitis media

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Volumn 18, Issue 10, 1999, Pages 926-935

  Pelton, Stephen I ^a,b   Klein, Jerome O ^a  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Conjugate vaccines; Immunoprophylaxis; Prevention of acute otitis media; Viral vaccines

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL VACCINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; VIRUS VACCINE;

BACTERIUM ISOLATE; HUMAN; IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS; MYRINGOTOMY; OTITIS MEDIA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VACCINATION; VIRUS ISOLATION;

ACUTE DISEASE; BACTERIAL VACCINES; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HAEMOPHILUS INFECTIONS; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HAEMOPHILUS VACCINES; HUMANS; INFANT; MORAXELLA (BRANHAMELLA) CATARRHALIS; NEISSERIACEAE INFECTIONS; OTITIS MEDIA; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; VACCINATION; VIRUS DISEASES;

EID: 0032853675     PISSN: 08913668     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199910000-00018     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Schappert SM. Office Visits for Otitis Media: United States. 1975-90. In: Advance data from vital and health statistics. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1992; 214:1-19.
2. Jacobs MR. Antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in acute otitis media: overview and update. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17:947-52.
3. Doern GV. Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract. Am J Med 1995;99:3S-7S.
4. Teele DW, Klein JO, Chase C, Menyuk P, Rosner BA. Otitis media in infancy and intellectual ability, school achievement, speech, and language at age 7 years: Greater Boston Otitis Media Study Group. J Infect Dis 1990;162:685-94.
5. Paradise JL, Haggard MP, Lous J, Robert JE, Schilder AG. Developmental implications of early-life otitis media. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1995;32(Suppl):S37-44.
6. Williams RL, Chalmer TC, Stange KC, Chalmers FT, Bowlin SJ. Use of antibiotics in preventing recurrent acute otitis media and in treating otitis media with effusion: a metaanalytic attempt to resolve the brouhaha. JAMA 1993;270: 1344-51.
7. Prellner K, Fogle-Hansson M, Jorgensen F, Kalm O, Kamme C. Prevention of recurrent acute otitis media in otitis-prone children by intermittent prophylaxis with penicillin. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1994;114:182-7.
8. Block SL, Harrison CJ, Hedrick JA, et al. Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in acute otitis media: risk factors, susceptibility patterns and antimicrobial management. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995;14:751-9.
9. Reichler MR, Allphin AA, Breiman RF, et al. The spread of multiply resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae at day care center in Ohio. J Infect Dis 1992;166:1346-53.
10. Bluestone CD, Klein JO. Otitis media in infants and children. 2nd ed. chap 3. Physiology, pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1995.
11. Paradise JL, Bluestone CD, Felder H. The universality of otitis media in fifty infants with cleft palate. Pediatrics 1969;44:35-42.
12. Sadler-Kimes D, Siegel MI, Todhunter JS. Age-related morphological differences in the components of the Eustachian tube/middle ear system. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1989;98: 854-8.
13. Arola M, Ruuskanen O, Ziegler T, et al. Clinical role of respiratory virus infection in acute otitis media. Pediatrics 1990;86:848-55.
14. McBride TP, Doyle WJ, Hayden FG, Gwaltney JM Jr. Alterations of the Eustachian tube, middle ear, and nose in rhinovirus infection. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989; 115:1054-9.
15. Doyle WJ, Skoner DP, Hayden F, Buchman CA, Seroky JT, Fireman P. Nasal and otologic effects of experimental influenza A virus infection. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1994;103: 59-69.
16. Elkhatieb A, Hipskind G, Woerner D, Hayden FG. Middle ear abnormalities during natural rhinovirus colds in adults. J Infect Dis 1993;168:618-21.
17. Ruuskanen O, Arola M, Heikkinen T, Ziegler T. Viruses in acute otitis media: increasing evidence for clinical significance. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991;10:425-7.
18. Teele DW, Klein JO, Rosner B. Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in children in greater Boston: a prospective, cohort study. J Infect Dis 1989; 160: 83-94.
19. Block SL, Hedrick JA, Harrison CJ, Hedrick R, Tyler RD, Smith RA. Increasing incidence of acute otitis media in the 1990's during the first 3 years of life [MN-45]. In: Abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego, CA, September 24 to 27, 1998. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1998.
20. Froom J, Culpepper L. Otitis media in day-care children: a report from the International Primary Care Network. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1997;529:14-8.
21. Louhiala PJ, Jaakkola N, Ruotsalainen R, Jaakkola JJ. Form of day care and respiratory infections among Finish children. Am J Public Health 1995;85:1109-12.
22. Schwartz B, Giebink GS, Henderson FW, et al. Respiratory infections in day care. Pediatrics 1994;94:1018-20.
23. Barnett ED, Klein JO, Pelton SI, Luginbuhl LM. Otitis media in children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992;11:360-4.
24. Brager J Jr, Bluestone CD. Infections of the ears, nose and throat in children with primary immunodeficiencies. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;118:138-41.
25. Pelton SI, Teele DW, Earle R Jr, et al. Impaired response to Haemophilus capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine in children with otitis media. In: Lim DJ, Bluestone CD, Klein JO, et al., eds. Recent advances in otitis media: proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium. Burlington, Ontario, Canada: Decker, 1993:167-8.
26. Prellner K, Kalm O, Hartsen G, et al. Pneumococcal serum antibody concentrations during the first three years of life: a study of otitis-prone and non-otitis prone children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1989;17:267-79.
27. Giebink GS. The microbiology of otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8:S18-20.
28. Jacobs MR, Dagan R, Applebaum PC, Burch DJ. Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in middle ear fluid: multinational study of 917 children with acute otitis media. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:589-95.
29. Carlin SA, Marchant CD, Shurin PA, Johnson CE, Super DM, Rehmus JM. Host factors and early therapeutic response in acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15(Suppl):S3-9.
30. Dagan R, Leibovitz E, Greenberg D, Yagupsky P, Fliss DM, Leiberman A. Early eradication of pathogens from middle ear fluid during antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media is associated with improved clinical outcome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17:776-82.
31. Post JC, Preston RC, Aul JJ, et al. Molecular analysis of bacterial pathogens in otitis media with effusion. JAMA 1995;273:1598-604.
32. Virolainen A, Salo P, Jero J, Karma P, Eskola K, Leinonen M. Comparison of PCR assay with bacterial culture for detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae in middle ear fluid of children with acute otitis media. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:2667-70.
33. Gronroos JA, Kortekangas AE, Ojala L, Vuori M. The aetiology of acute middle ear infection. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1964;58:149-58.
34. Van Dishoeck HAE, Derks ACW, Voorhorst R. Bacteriology and treatment of acute otitis media in children. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockholm) 1959;50:250-62.
35. Pelton SI, Teele DW, Shurin PA, Klein JO. Disparate culture of middle ear fluids: results from children with bilateral otitis media. Am J Dis Child 1980;134:951-3.
36. Austrian R, Howie VM, Ploussard JH. The bacteriology of pneumococcal otitis media. Johns Hopkins Med J 1977;141: 104-11.
37. Gray, BM, Converse III GM, Dillon HC Jr. Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing disease. J Infect Dis 1979; 140:979-83.
38. Finland M, Barnes M. Changes in occurrence of capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumonia at Boston City Hospital during selected years between 1935 and 1974. J Clin Microbiol 1977;5:154-66.
39. Orange M, Gray BM. Pneumococcal serotypes causing disease in children in Alabama. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993;12: 243-4.
40. Shurin PA, Rehmus JM, Johnson CE, et al. Bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin for prophylaxis of acute otitis media in high-risk children. J Pediatr 1993;123:801-10.
41. Dagan R. Potential impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on otitis media. Presented at the Pneumococcal Vaccines for the World 1998 Conference, Washington, DC, October 12 to 14, 1998.
42. Butler JC, Breiman RF, Lipman, HB, Hofmann J, Facklam RR. Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among preschool children in the United States, 1978-1994: implications for development of a conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 1995;171:885-9.
43. Schwartz RH, Rodriguez WJ. Acute otitis media in children eight years old and older: A reappraisal of the role of Haemophilus influenzae. Am J Otolaryngol 1981;2:19-21.
44. Herberts G, Jeppson PH, Nylen O, Branefors-Helander P. Acute otitis media: etiological and therapeutic aspects of acute otitis media. Pract Otorhinolaryngol 1971;33:191-202.
45. Harding AL, Anderson P, Howie VM, et al. Haemophilus influenzae isolated from children with otitis media. In: Sell SH, Karzon DT, eds. Haemophilus influenzae. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 1973:21-8.
46. Jacobs MR, Bajaksouzian S, Zilles A, et al. Susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to 10 oral antimicrobial agents based on pharmacodynamic parameters: 1997 US surveillance study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:1901-8.
47. Coffey, JD Jr, Martin AD, Booth HN. Neisseria catarrhalis in exudative otitis media. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1967;86:403-6.
48. Leinonen M, Luotonen J, Herva E, et al. Preliminary serologic evidence for a pathogenic role of Branhamella catarrhalis. J Infect Dis 1981;144:570-4.
49. Kovatch AL, Wald ER, Michael RH. Beta-lactamase-producing Branhamella catarrhalis causing otitis media in children. J Pediatr 1983;102:261-4.
50. Bluestone CD, Stephenson JS, Martin LM. Ten-year review of otitis media pathogens. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992;11:S7-11.
51. Chonmaitree T, Heikkinen T. Role of viruses in middle-ear disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 1997;830:143-57.
52. Heikkinen T, Thint M, Chonmaitree T. Prevalence of various respiratory viruses in the middle ear during acute otitis media. N Engl J Med 1999;340:260-4.
53. Andrade MA, Hoberman A, Glustein J, Paradise JL, Wald ER. Acute otitis media in children with bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 1998;101(4 Part 1):617-9.
54. Abramson JS, Giebink GS, Quie PG. Influenza A virus-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte dysfunction in the pathogenesis of experimental pneumococcal otitis media. Infect Immunol 1982;36:289-96.
55. Patel J, Faden H, Sharma S, Ogra PL. Effect of respiratory syncytial virus on adherence, colonization and immunity of non-typable Haemophilus influenzae: implications for otitis media. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1992;23:15-23.
56. Teele DW, Klein JO, Bratton L, et al. Use of pneumococcal vaccine for prevention of recurrent acute otitis media in infants in Boston: The Greater Boston Collaborative Otitis Media Study Group. Rev Infect Dis 1981;3(Suppl):S113-8.
57. Makela PH, Leinonen M, Pukander J, Karma P. A study of the pneumococcal vaccine in prevention of clinically acute attacks of recurrent otitis media. Rev Infect Dis 1981; 3(Suppl):S124-32.
58. Sloyer JL Jr, Ploussard JH, Howie VM. Efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in preventing acute otitis media in infants in Huntsville, Alabama. Rev Infect Dis 1981; 3(Suppl):S119-23.
59. Simoes EA, Groothuis JR, Tristram DA, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus-enriched globulin for the prevention of acute otitis media in high risk children. J Pediatr 1996;129:214-9.
60. Black S, Shinefield H, Ray P, Lewis E, Fireman, B. Efficacy of heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (Wyeth Lederle) in 37,000 infants and children: results of the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Efficacy Trial [LB-9]. Abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego, CA, September 24 to 27, 1998. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1998.
61. Shurin PA, Glebink GS, Wegman DL, et al. Prevention of pneumococcal otitis media in chinchillas with human bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:755-9.
62. Barenkamp SJ. Immunization with high-molecular-weight adhesion proteins of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae modifies experimental otitis media in chinchillas. Infect Immunol 1996;64:1246-51.
63. Giebink GS, Meier JD, Quartey MK, Liebeler Cl, Le CT. Immunogenicity and efficacy of Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine against homologous and heterologous serotypes in the chinchilla otitis media model. J Infect Dis 1996;173:119-27.
64. Black S, Shinefield H, Ray P, et al. Efficacy of heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (Wyeth-Lederle) in 7000 infants and children: results of the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Efficacy Trial. Pediatr Res 1999;45:157A.
65. Kayhty H, Ahman, H, Ronnberg PR, Tillikainen R, Eskola J. Pneumococcal polysaccharide-meningococcal outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine is immunogenic in infants and children. J Infect Dis 1995;172:1273-8.
66. Dagan R, Melamed R, Zamir O, Leroy O. Safety and immunogenicity of tetravalent pneumococcal vaccines containing 6B, 14, 19F and 23F polysaccharides conjugated to either tetanus toxoid or diphtheria toxoid in young infants and their boosterability by native polysaccharide antigens. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997;16:1053-9.
67. Rennels MB, Edward KM, Keyserling HL, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to CRM197 in United States infants. Pediatrics 1998; 101:604-11.
68. Dagan R, Melamed R, Muallem M, et al. Reduction of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci during the second year of life by a heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. J Infect Dis 1996;174:1271-8.
69. Dagan R., Muallem M, Melamed R, et al. Reduction of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in early infancy after immunization with tetravalent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to either tetanus toxoid or diphtheria toxoid. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997;16:1060-4.
70. Yamanaka N, Faden H. Antibody response to outer membrane protein of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae in otitis-prone children. J Pediatr 1993;122:212-8.
71. Kalm O, Preliner K, Freijd A, Rynnel-Dagoo B. Antibody activity before and after pneumococcal vaccination of otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1986;101:467-74.
72. Preliner K, Kalm O, Harsten G, Heldrup J, Oxelius VA. Pneumococcal serum antibody concentrations during the first three years of life: a study of otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1989;17:267-79.
73. Barnett EB, Pelton SI, Cabral H, et al. Immune response to pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines in otitis-prone and otitis-free children. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:191.
74. Sorensen RU, Leiva LE, Giangrosso PA, et al. Response to a heptavalent conjugate Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine in children with recurrent infections who are unresponsive to the polysaccharide vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17:685-91.
75. Mbelle N, Wasas A, Huebner R, Kimura A, Chang I, Klugman K. Immunogenicity and impact on carriage of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine given to infants in Soweto, South Africa. In: Proceedings of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, Canada, September 28 to October 1, 1997. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1997.
76. Paton JC, Toogood IR, Cockington RA, Hansman D. Antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine in children ages 5 to 15 years. Am J Dis Child 1986;140:135-8.
77. Rosenow C, Ryan P, Weiser JN, et al. Contribution of novel choline-binding proteins to adherence, colonization and immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Microbiol 1997;25:819-29.
78. Briles DE, Creech Tart R, Swiatlo E, et al. Pneumococcal diversity: considerations for new vaccine strategies with emphasis on pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA). Clin Microbiol Rev 1998;11:645-57.
79. St. Geme JW III, Falkow S. Barenkamp SJ. High molecular-weight proteins of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae mediate attachment to human epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:2875-9.
80. Sirakova T, Kolattukudy PE, Murwin D, et al. Role of fimbriae expressed by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in pathogenesis of and protection against otitis media and relatedness of the fimbrin subunit to outer membrane protein A. Infect Immunol 1994;62:2002-20.
81. Loeb MR. Protection of infant rats from Haemophilus influenzae type b infection by antiserum to purified outer membrane protein A. Infect Immunol 1987;55:2612-8.
82. Green BA, Metcalf BJ, Quinn-Dey T, et al. A recombinant non-fatty acylated form of the Hi-PAL (P6) protein of Haemophilus influenzae elicits biologically active antibody against both nontypeable and type b H. influenzae. Infect Immunol 1990;58:3272-8.
83. Troelstra A, Vogel L, van Alphen L, et al. Opsonic antibodies to outer membrane protein P2 of nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae are strain specific. Infect Immunol 1994;62: 779-84.
84. Bell J, Gross S, Jeanteur D, Munson RS Jr. Diversity of the P2 protein among non-typable Haemophilus influenzae isolates. Infect Immunol 1994;62:2639-43.
85. Yang YP, Myers LE, McGuiness U, et al. The major outer membrane protein, CD, extracted from Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis is a potential vaccine antigen that induces bactericidal antibodies. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1997; 17:187-99.
86. Myers LE, Yang YP, Du RP, et al. The transferrin binding protein B of Moraxella catarrhalis elicits bactericidal antibodies and is a potential vaccine antigen. Infect Immunol 1998;66:4183-92.
87. Chen D, McMichael JC, VanDerMeid KR, et al. Evaluation of purified UspA from Moraxella catarrhalis as a vaccine in a murine model after active immunization. Infect Immunol 1996;64:1900-5.
88. Gu XX, Chen J, Barenkamp SJ, et al. Synthesis and characterization of lipooligosaccharide-based conjugates as vaccine candidates for Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Infect Immunol 1998;66:1891-7.
89. Clements DA, Langdon L, Bland C, Walter E. Influenza A vaccine decreases the incidence of otitis media in 6 to 30-month-old children in day care. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995;149:1113-7.
90. Belshe RB, Mendelman PM, Treanor J, et al. The efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine in children. N Engl J Med 1998;338: 1459-61.
91. Henderson FW, Collier AM, Sanyal MA, et al. A longitudinal study of respiratory viruses and bacteria in the etiology of acute otitis media with effusion. N Engl J Med 1982;306: 1377-83.
92. The Impact-RSV Study Group. Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. Pediatrics 1998;102:531-7.