Atypical pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia

Clinics in Chest Medicine

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 489-497

  Lieberman, D ^a  

^a BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ERYTHROMYCIN; MACROLIDE; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE; COXIELLA BURNETII; HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; HUMAN; INFLUENZA VIRUS A; INFLUENZA VIRUS B; LEGIONELLA; MIXED INFECTION; MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PNEUMONIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; Q FEVER; REVIEW;

EID: 0032850008     PISSN: 02725231     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0272-5231(05)70230-6     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. V. Baty B. Hoen H. Schuhmacher Legionella jordanis pneumonia unresponsive to fluoroquinolones in a non-immunocompromised host Scand J Infect Dis 29 1997 319 320
2. G.E. Buck N.S. Eid Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Pediatr Pulmonol 20 1995 297 300
3. R.M. Chanock M.A. Mufson H.H. Bloom Growth on artificial medium of an agent associated with atypical pneumonia and its identification as a PPLO Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 48 1962 41
4. C.C. Chiou Y.C. Liu H.H. Lin Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection complicated by lung abscess, pleural effusion, thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation Pediatr Infect Dis J 16 1997 327 329
5. N. Cimolai D. Wensley M. Seear Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a cofactor in severe respiratory infections Clin Infect Dis 21 1995 1182 1185
6. A.M. Collier W.A. Clyde Relationships between Mycoplasma pneumoniae and human respiratory epithelium Infect Immun 3 1977 694 701
7. R. Cosentini F. Blasi R. Raccanelli Severe community-acquired pneumonia: A possible role for Chlamydia pneumoniae. Respiration 63 1996 61 65
8. B.A. Cunha A.M. Ortega Atypical pneumonia. Extrapulmonary clues guide the way to diagnosis Postgrad Med 99 1996 123 132
9. K. Dalhoff M. Maass Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia in hospitalized patients. Clinical characteristics and diagnostic value of polymerase chain reaction and detection in BAL Chest 110 1996 351 356
10. J.-L. Diehl M. Gisselbrecht G. Meyer Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with chlamydial infection Eur Respir J 9 1996 1320 1322
11. M.D. Eaton G. Meiklejohn W. Van Herick Studies on the etiology of primary atypical pneumonia: A filterable agent transmissible to cotton rats, hamsters and chick embryos J Exp Med 79 1944 649
12. P.H. Edelstein Antimicrobial chemotherapy for Legionnaires' disease: A review Clin Infect Dis 21 suppl 3 1995 S265 S276
13. M. Falguera A. Nogues A. Ruiz-Gonzalez Community-acquired Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia Thorax 51 1996 967
14. M. Falguera A. Nogues A. Ruiz-Gonzalez Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction in lung aspirates from patients with community-acquired pneumonia Chest 110 1996 972 976
15. T.M. File Jr J. Segreti L. Dunbar A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41 1997 1965 1972
16. H.M. Foy G.E. Kenny R. McMahan Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in an urban area JAMA 214 1970 1666 1672
17. D.N. Fredricks J.S. Remington Tularemia presenting as community-acquired pneumonia. Implications in the era of managed care Arch Intern Med 156 1996 2137 2140
18. J. Gnarpe A. Lundback B.G. Sundelof Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in subjectively healthy individuals Scand J Infect Dis 24 1993 161 164
19. M. Ieven D. Ursi H. Van Bever Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by two polymerase chain reactions and role of M. pneumoniae in acute respiratory infections in pediatric patients J Infect Dis 173 1996 1445 1552
20. M.T. Kauppinen E. Herva P. Kujala The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized patients during a Chlamydia pneumoniae epidemic in Finland J Infect Dis 172 1995 1330 1335
21. M.T. Kauppinen S. Lahde H. Syrjala Roentgenographic findings of pneumonia caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. Arch Intern Med 156 1996 1851 1856
22. M.T. Kauppinen P. Saikku P. Kujala Clinical picture of community-acquired Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia requiring hospital treatment: A comparison between chlamydial and pneumococcal pneumonia Thorax 51 1996 185 189
23. G.E. Kenny C.G. Kaiser M.K. Cooney Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia sensitivities and specificities of serology with lipid antigen and isolation of the organism on soy peptone medium for identification of infections J Clin Microbiol 28 1990 2087 2093
24. H.H. Kessler D.E. Dodge K. Pierer Rapid detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by an essay on PCR and probe hybridization in a nonradioactive plate format J Clin Microbiol 35 1997 1592 1594
25. R.B. Kohler W.C. Winn Jr L.J. Wheat Onset and duration of urinary antigen excretion in Legionnaires disease J Clin Microbiol 20 1984 605 607
26. I. Kuzman I. Soldo S. Schonwald Azithromycin for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila: A retrospective study Scandanavian J Infect Dis 27 1995 503 505
27. I.G. Lawrence R.J. Dalby N.R. Lad An atypical case of atypical pneumonia Br J Clin Prac 50 1996 346 348
28. M.L. Lepow N. Balassanian J. Emmerich Interrelationships of viral, mycoplasmal and bacterial agents in uncomplicated pneumonia Am Rev Respir Dis 97 1968 533 545
29. D. Lieberman M. Ben-Yaakov Z. Lazarovich Chlamydia pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia: A review of 62 hospitalized adult patients Infection 24 1995 109 114
30. D. Lieberman S. Kahane D. Lieberman Pneumonia with serological evidence of acute infection with the Chlamydia-like microorganism “Z” Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156 1997 578 582
31. D. Lieberman D. Lieberman S. Horowitz Microparticle agglutination versus antibody-capture enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of community-acquired Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 14 1995 577 584
32. D. Lieberman A. Porath F. Schlaeffer Legionella species community-acquired pneumonia: A review of 56 hospitalized adult patients Chest 109 1995 1243 1249
33. D. Lieberman F. Schlaeffer I. Boldur Multiple pathogens in adult patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: A one year prospective study of 346 consecutive patients Thorax 51 1996 179 184
34. D. Lieberman F. Schlaeffer D. Lieberman Mycoplasma pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia: A review of 101 hospitalized adult patients Respiration 63 1996 261 266
35. J.M. Llibre A. Urban E. Garcia Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection Clin Infect Dis 25 1997 1340 1342
36. Mandell L, Williams-Hopkins D, Hopkins S: Efficacy of trovafloxacin in patients with community-acquired pneumonia due to penicillin susceptible and resistant S. pneumoniae. [Abstract LM-71]. Presented at 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 28–October 1, 1997, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
37. P.E. Marik J. Iglesias Severe community-acquired pneumonia, shock and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae J Intern Med 241 1997 441 444
38. T.J. Marrie R.W. Peeling M.J. Fine Ambulatory patients with community-acquired pneumonia: The frequency of atypical agents, and clinical course Am J Med 101 1996 508 515
39. MMWR Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome-United States, 1995 and 1996 JAMA 275 1996 1395 1397
40. I. Monsieur M. Meysman W. Vincken Severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by atypical organisms Acta Clinica Belgica 52 1997 112 115
41. L.M. Mundy P.G. Auwaerter D. Oldach Community-acquired pneumonia: Impact of immune status Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152 1995 1309 1315
42. L.M. Mundy D. Oldach P.G. Auwaerter Implications for macrolide treatment in community-acquired pneumonia Chest 113 1998 1201 1206
43. D.R. Murdoch E.J. Walford L.C. Jennings Use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect Legionella DNA in urine and serum samples from patients with pneumonia Clin Infect Dis 23 1996 475 480
44. B.R. Naidu Y.-F. Ngeow T. Pang MOMP-based PCR reveals presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in respiratory and serum samples of patients with acute C. pneumoniae -associated infections J Microbiol Methods 28 1997 1 9
45. A.M. Neill J.R. Martin R. Weir Community acquired pneumonia: Aetiology and usefulness of severity criteria on admission Thorax 51 1996 1010 1016
46. Niederman MS, Traub S, Ellison WT, et al: A double blind, randomized, multicenter, global study in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) comparing trovafloxacin with ceftriaxone+erythromycin. [Abstract LM-72]. Presented at 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 28–October 1, 1997, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
47. M.S. Niederman Severe community-acquired pneumonia: What do we need to know to effectively manage patients? Intensive Care Med 22 1996 1285 1287
48. M.S. Niederman J.B. Bass Jr G.D. Campbell Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: Diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy Am Rev Respir Dis 148 1993 1418 1426
49. K. Numazaki T. Ikebe S. Chiba Detection of serum antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae by ELISA FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 14 1996 179 183
50. J.G. O'Handley L.D. Gray The incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia J Am Board Fam Pract 10 1997 425 429
51. P.M. Olaechea J.M. Quintana M.S. Gallardo A predictive model for the treatment approach to community-acquired pneumonia in patients needing ICU admission Intensive Care Med 22 1996 1294 1300
52. P. Panagou S. Tsipra D. Bouros Adult respiratory distress syndrome due to Chlamydia pneumoniae in a young adult Respir Med 90 1996 311 313
53. J.F. Plouffe M.T. Herbert T.M. File Jr Ofloxacin versus standard therapy in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40 1996 1175 1179
54. A. Porath F. Schlaeffer D. Lieberman The epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized adults J Infection 34 1997 41 48
55. J.A. Ramirez S. Ahkee A. Tolentino Diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae , or Chlamydia pneumoniae lower respiratory infection using the polymerase chain reaction on a single throat swab specimen Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 24 1996 7 14
56. W. Rastawicki M. Jagielski Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation tests and immunoelectroprecipitation test in the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections - comparative analysis Zbl Bakt 283 1996 477 484
57. H.A. Reimann An acute infection of the respiratory tract with atypical pneumonia JAMA 111 1938 2377 2382
58. J. Rello Prescription of macrolides in community-acquired pneumonia Chest 113 1998 1155 1158
59. D.C. Shah M.M. Muthiah Adult respiratory distress syndrome due to Mycoplasma pneumonia Postgrad Med J 72 1996 241 242
60. Y. Shemer-Avni D. Lieberman Chlamydia pneumoniae induced ciliostasis in ciliated bronchial epithelial cells J Infect Dis 171 1995 1274 1278
61. N. Sopena M. Sabria-Leal M.L. Pedro-Botete Comparative study of the clinical presentation of Legionella pneumonia and other community-acquired pneumonias Chest 113 1998 1195 1200
62. D. Steinhoff H. Lode G. Ruckdeschel Chlamydia pneumoniae as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in Berlin Clin Infect Dis 22 1996 958 964
63. H. Tanaka H. Koba S. Honma Relationships between radiological pattern and cell-mediated immune response in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia Eur Respir J 9 1996 669 672
64. H. Tanaka T. Matsumoto T. Kuramitsu High resolution CT findings in community-acquired pneumonia J Comput Assist Tomogr 20 1996 600 608
65. O.F. Teglia C. Battagliotti R.L. Villavicencio Leptospiral pneumonia Chest 108 1995 874 875
66. The Nordic Atypical Pneumonia Study Group Atypical pneumonia in the Nordic countries: Aetiology and clinical results of a trial comparing fleroxacin and doxycycline J Antimicrob Chemother 39 1997 499 508
67. J.H.T. Tjhie P.H.M. Savelkoul C.M.J.E. Vandenbroucke-Grauis Polymerase chain reaction evaluation for Chlamydia pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 174 1997 1124
68. J.M. Torres O. Cardenas A. Vasquez Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in a community hospital Chest 113 1998 387 390
69. J.G. Tully D.L. Rose R.F. Whitcomb Enhanced isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from throat washings with a newly modified culture medium J Infect Dis 139 1979 478 482
70. E.N. Vergis V.L. Yu Macrolides are ideal for empiric therapy of community-acquired pneumonia in the immunocompetent host Semin Respir Infect 12 1997 322 328
71. V.L. Yu E.N. Vergis New macrolides or new quinolones as monotherapy for patients with community-acquired pneumonia Chest 113 1998 1158 1159