Promising pharmacological agents in the management of acute spinal cord injury

Critical Care Nursing Quarterly

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 44-50

  Seidl, Edward C ^a  

^a ALLEGHENY GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute spinal cord injury; Pharmacological agents

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOPYRIDINE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; CYCLOSPORIN; EMOPAMIL; FOSPHENYTOIN SODIUM; GANGLIOSIDE GM1; INSULIN; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NALOXONE; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENT; NICARDIPINE; NIMODIPINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PROTIRELIN; PROTIRELIN DERIVATIVE; RETINOL; SELENIUM; SIPATRIGINE; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATING FACTOR ANTAGONIST; TIRILAZAD; UBIQUINONE;

CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG MECHANISM; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME; HUMAN; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; NEUROPROTECTION; PNEUMONIA; REVIEW; SEPSIS; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WOUND INFECTION;

EID: 0032838117     PISSN: 08879303     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002727-199908000-00008     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Greene KA, Marciano FF, Sonntag VK. Pharmacological management of spinal cord injury: Current status of drugs designed to augment functional recovery of the injured human spinal cord. J Spinal Disord. 1996;9(5):355-366.
2. Zeidman SM, Ling GS, Ducker TB, et al. Clinical applications of pharmacologic therapies for spinal cord injury. J Spinal Disord. 1996;9(5):367-380.
3. Demopoulos H, Flamm E, Pietronigro D. The free-radical pathology and the microcirculation in the major central nervous system disorders. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1980;492(111):91-119.
4. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the second national acute spinal cord injury study. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1405-1411.
5. +) ATPase, lipid peroxidation, and alpha motor neuron function. J Neurosurg. 1982;56:838-844.
6. Bracken MB, Collins WF, Freeman DF, et al. Efficacy of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury. JAMA. 1984;251:45-52.
7. Braughler JM, Hall ED. Lactate and pyruvate metabolism in injured cat spinal cord before and after a single large intravenous dose of methylprednisolone. J Neurosurg. 1983;59:256-61.
8. Hall ED, Braughler JM. Glucocorticoid mechanisms in acute spinal cord injury: A review and therapeutic rationale. Surg Neurol. 1982;18:320-327.
9. Bracken M, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, et al. Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. J Neurosurg. 1992;76:23-31.
10. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, et al. Administration of Methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the third national acute spinal cord injury randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1997;277(20):1597-1604.
11. Clark WM, Hazel S, Coull BM. Lazaroids. CNS pharmacology and current research. Drugs. 1995;50(6):971-983.
12. Fleishaker JC, Peters GR, Cathcart KS. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of tirilazad mesylate, a 21-aminosteroid free radical scavenger: I. Single-dose administration. J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;33:175-181.
13. Fleishaker JC, Peters GR, Cathcart KS, et al. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of tirilazad mesylate, a 21-aminosteroid free radical scavenger: II. Multiple-dose administration. J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;33:182-190.
14. Fleishaker JC, Peters GR. Pharmacokinetics of tirilazad and U-89678 in ischemic stroke patients receiving a loading regimen and maintenance regimen of 10 mg/kg/ day of tirilazad. J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;36:809-813.
15. Hulst LK, Fleishaker JC, Peters GR, et al. Effect of age and gender on tirilazad pharmacokinetics in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994;55:378-384.
16. Gorio AG, Fusco M, Janigro D, et al. Gangliosides and their effects on rearranging peripheral and central neural pathways. Cent Nerv Syst Trauma. 1984;1:29-37.
17. Sabel BA, Slavin MD, Stein DG. GM-1 ganglioside treatment facilitates behavioral recovery from brain damage. Science. 1984;225:340-342.
18. Geisler FH, Dorsey FC, Coleman WP. Past and current clinical studies with GM-1 ganglioside in acute spinal cord injury. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1041-1047.
19. Geisler FH, Dorsey FC, Coleman WP. Recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury - a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with GM-1 ganglioside. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1829-1838.
20. Constantini S, Young W. The effects of methylprednisolone and the ganglioside GM-1 on acute spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurosurg. 1994;80:97-111.
21. Faden AI, Jacobs TP, Mougey E, et al. Endorphins in experimental spinal injury; therapeutic effect of naloxone. Ann Neurol. 1981;10:326-332.
22. Benzel EC, Hoffpauir GM, Thomas MM, et al. Dose-dependent effects of naloxone and methylprednisolone in the ventral compression model of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Disord. 1990;3:339-344.
23. Benzel EC, Lancon JA, Bairnsfather S, et al. Effect of dosage and timing of administration of naloxone on outcome in the rat ventral compression model of spinal cord injury. Neurosurg. 1990;27:597-601.
24. Wallace MC, Tator C.H. Failure of blood transfusions or naloxone to improve clinical recovery after experimental spinal cord injury. Neurosurg. 1986;19:489-494.
25. Wallace MC, Tator C.H. Failure of naloxone to improve spinal cord blood flow and cardiac output after spinal cord injury. Neurosurg. 1986;18:428-432.
26. Black P, Markowitz RS, Keller S, et al. Naloxone and experimental spinal cord injury: Part 1. High dose administration in a static load compression model. Neurosurg. 1986;19:905-908.
27. Black P, Markowitz RS, Keller S, et al. Naloxone and experimental spinal cord injury: Part 2. Megadose treatment in a dynamic load injury model. Neurosurg. 1986;19:909-913.
28. Young W, Flamm ES, Demopoulos HB, et al. Naloxone ameliorates post-traumatic ischemia in experimental spinal contusions. J Neurosurg. 1981;55:209-219.
29. Arias MJ. Effect of naloxone on functional recovery after experimental spinal cord injury in the rat. Surg Neurol. 1985;23:440-442.
30. Bracken MB, Holford TR. Effects of timing of methylprednisolone or naloxone administration on recovery of segmental and long-tract neurological function in NASCIS 2. J Neurosurg. 1993;79:500-507.
31. Hansten PD, Horn JR, Koda-Kimble MA, et al. Hansten and Horn's Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics, Inc.; 1997.
32. Fleishaker JC, Pearson LK, Peters GR. Induction of tirilazad clearance by phenytoin. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1998;19:91-96.