메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 355-366

Pharmacological management of spinal cord injury: Current status of drugs designed to augment functional recovery of the injured human spinal cord

Author keywords

Clinical drug implementation; Food and Drug Administration; Neuroprotection and regeneration; Secondary neuronal injury; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

21 AMINOSTEROID; 4 AMINOPYRIDINE; AMINO ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; DIZOCILPINE; FLUNARIZINE; GANGLIOSIDE GM1; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NALOXONE; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; NIMODIPINE; OPIATE ANTAGONIST; SCAVENGER; TIRILAZAD;

EID: 0030459563     PISSN: 08950385     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (130)
  • 1
    • 84943442523 scopus 로고
    • Surgery of experimental lesion of spinal cord equivalent to crush injury of fracture dislocation of spinal column: A preliminary report
    • Allen AR: Surgery of experimental lesion of spinal cord equivalent to crush injury of fracture dislocation of spinal column: A preliminary report. JAMA 57:878-880, 1911.
    • (1911) JAMA , vol.57 , pp. 878-880
    • Allen, A.R.1
  • 2
    • 84939076147 scopus 로고
    • Remarks on the histopathological changes in the spinal cord due to impact. An experimental study
    • Allen AR: Remarks on the histopathological changes in the spinal cord due to impact. An experimental study. J Nerv Mental Dis 4:141-147, 1914.
    • (1914) J Nerv Mental Dis , vol.4 , pp. 141-147
    • Allen, A.R.1
  • 3
    • 0015073448 scopus 로고
    • Experimental traumatic paraplegia: The vascular and pathological changes seen in reversible and irreversible spinal-cord lesions
    • Assenmacher DR, Ducker TB: Experimental traumatic paraplegia: The vascular and pathological changes seen in reversible and irreversible spinal-cord lesions. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 53:671-680, 1971.
    • (1971) J Bone Joint Surg [Am] , vol.53 , pp. 671-680
    • Assenmacher, D.R.1    Ducker, T.B.2
  • 4
    • 0025105218 scopus 로고
    • Competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists limit dynorphin A-induced rat hindlimb paralysis
    • Bakshi R, Faden AI: Competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists limit dynorphin A-induced rat hindlimb paralysis. Brain Res 507:1-5, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.507 , pp. 1-5
    • Bakshi, R.1    Faden, A.I.2
  • 5
    • 0014019552 scopus 로고
    • Ethics and clinical research
    • Beecher HK: Ethics and clinical research. N Engl J Med 274:1354-1360, 1966.
    • (1966) N Engl J Med , vol.274 , pp. 1354-1360
    • Beecher, H.K.1
  • 6
    • 0020572269 scopus 로고
    • Cellular morphology of chronic spinal cord injury in the cat: Analysis of myelinated axons by line-sampling
    • Blight AR: Cellular morphology of chronic spinal cord injury in the cat: Analysis of myelinated axons by line-sampling. Neuroscience 10:521-543, 1983.
    • (1983) Neuroscience , vol.10 , pp. 521-543
    • Blight, A.R.1
  • 7
    • 0024418456 scopus 로고
    • Effect of 4-aminopyridine on axonal conduction-block in chronic spinal cord injury
    • Blight AR: Effect of 4-aminopyridine on axonal conduction-block in chronic spinal cord injury. Brain Rex Bull 22:47-52, 1989.
    • (1989) Brain Rex Bull , vol.22 , pp. 47-52
    • Blight, A.R.1
  • 8
    • 0025730112 scopus 로고
    • The effects of 4-aminopyridine on neurological deficits in chronic cases of traumatic spinal cord injury in dogs: A phase I clinical trial
    • Blight AR, Toombs JP, Bauer MS. Widmer WR: The effects of 4-aminopyridine on neurological deficits in chronic cases of traumatic spinal cord injury in dogs: A phase I clinical trial. J Neurotrauma 8:103-119, 1991.
    • (1991) J Neurotrauma , vol.8 , pp. 103-119
    • Blight, A.R.1    Toombs, J.P.2    Bauer, M.S.3    Widmer, W.R.4
  • 9
    • 0023214855 scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects of 4-aminopyridine on demyelinated mammalian motor and sensory fibers
    • Bowe CM, Kocsis JD, Targ EF, Waxman SG: Physiological effects of 4-aminopyridine on demyelinated mammalian motor and sensory fibers. Ann Neurol 22:264-268, 1987.
    • (1987) Ann Neurol , vol.22 , pp. 264-268
    • Bowe, C.M.1    Kocsis, J.D.2    Targ, E.F.3    Waxman, S.G.4
  • 10
    • 4244176985 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute spinal cord injury with methylprednisolone: Results of a multicenter, randomized clinical trial
    • Bracken MB: Treatment of acute spinal cord injury with methylprednisolone: Results of a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. J Neurotrauma 8:S47-S50, 1991.
    • (1991) J Neurotrauma , vol.8
    • Bracken, M.B.1
  • 11
    • 0027530525 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord injury: Current status and future projects
    • Bracken MB: Pharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord injury: Current status and future projects. J Emerg Med 11:43-48, 1993.
    • (1993) J Emerg Med , vol.11 , pp. 43-48
    • Bracken, M.B.1
  • 12
    • 84911262491 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury
    • Bracken MB, Collins WF, Freeman DF, et al.: Efficacy of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury. JAMA 251: 45-52, 1984.
    • (1984) JAMA , vol.251 , pp. 45-52
    • Bracken, M.B.1    Collins, W.F.2    Freeman, D.F.3
  • 13
    • 0025344617 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study
    • Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, et al.: A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N Engl J Med 322:1405-1411, 1990.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 1405-1411
    • Bracken, M.B.1    Shepard, M.J.2    Collins, W.F.3
  • 14
    • 0026601887 scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study
    • Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WJ, Jr., et al.: Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. J Neurosurg 76:23-31, 1992.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.76 , pp. 23-31
    • Bracken, M.B.1    Shepard, M.J.2    Collins Jr., W.J.3
  • 15
    • 0023837670 scopus 로고
    • A new 21-aminosteroid antioxidant lacking glucocorticoid activity stimulates adrenocorticotropin secretion and blocks arachidonic acid release from mouse pituitary tumor (AtT-20) cells
    • Braughler JM, Chase RL, Neff GL, et al.: A new 21-aminosteroid antioxidant lacking glucocorticoid activity stimulates adrenocorticotropin secretion and blocks arachidonic acid release from mouse pituitary tumor (AtT-20) cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 244:423-427, 1988.
    • (1988) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.244 , pp. 423-427
    • Braughler, J.M.1    Chase, R.L.2    Neff, G.L.3
  • 16
    • 0019996279 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of methylprednisolone levels in cat spinal cord with its effects on (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, lipid peroxidation, and alpha motor neuron function
    • Braughler JM, Hall ED: Correlation of methylprednisolone levels in cat spinal cord with its effects on (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, lipid peroxidation, and alpha motor neuron function. J Neurosurg 56:838-844, 1982.
    • (1982) J Neurosurg , vol.56 , pp. 838-844
    • Braughler, J.M.1    Hall, E.D.2
  • 18
    • 0017169750 scopus 로고
    • A neuroanatomical analysis of spinal cord injury in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
    • Bresnahan JC, King JS, Martin GF, Yashon D: A neuroanatomical analysis of spinal cord injury in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J Neurol Sci 28:521-542, 1976.
    • (1976) J Neurol Sci , vol.28 , pp. 521-542
    • Bresnahan, J.C.1    King, J.S.2    Martin, G.F.3    Yashon, D.4
  • 19
    • 8044260763 scopus 로고
    • Approaches to drug discovery
    • Burger A: Approaches to drug discovery. N Engl J Med 270: 1098-1101, 1964.
    • (1964) N Engl J Med , vol.270 , pp. 1098-1101
    • Burger, A.1
  • 20
    • 0023854756 scopus 로고
    • A novel interaction between dynorphin (1-13) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate site
    • Caudle RM, Isaac L: A novel interaction between dynorphin (1-13) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate site. Brain Res 443: 329-332, 1988.
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.443 , pp. 329-332
    • Caudle, R.M.1    Isaac, L.2
  • 21
    • 0016906746 scopus 로고
    • Effects of brain gangliosides on functional recovery in experimental regeneration and reinnervation
    • Ceccarelli B, Aporti F, Finesso M: Effects of brain gangliosides on functional recovery in experimental regeneration and reinnervation. Adv Exp Med Biol 71:275-293, 1976.
    • (1976) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.71 , pp. 275-293
    • Ceccarelli, B.1    Aporti, F.2    Finesso, M.3
  • 22
    • 0023137252 scopus 로고
    • Ionic dependence of glutamate neurotoxicity
    • Choi DW: Ionic dependence of glutamate neurotoxicity. J Neurosci 7:369-379, 1987.
    • (1987) J Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 369-379
    • Choi, D.W.1
  • 23
    • 0023753142 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-mediated neurotoxicity: Relationship to specific channel types and role in ischemic damage
    • Choi DW: Calcium-mediated neurotoxicity: Relationship to specific channel types and role in ischemic damage. Trends Neurosci 11:465-469, 1988.
    • (1988) Trends Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 465-469
    • Choi, D.W.1
  • 24
    • 0027954265 scopus 로고
    • 1 on acute spinal cord injury in rats
    • 1 on acute spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurosurg 80:97-111, 1994.
    • (1994) J Neurosurg , vol.80 , pp. 97-111
    • Constantini, S.1    Young, W.2
  • 26
    • 0342445796 scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide syndrome in monkeys
    • Delahunt CS, Lassen LJ: Thalidomide syndrome in monkeys. Science 146:1300-1305, 1964.
    • (1964) Science , vol.146 , pp. 1300-1305
    • Delahunt, C.S.1    Lassen, L.J.2
  • 27
    • 0027178489 scopus 로고
    • Effect of flunarizine and methylprednisolone on functional recovery after experimental spinal injury
    • De Ley G, Leybaert L: Effect of flunarizine and methylprednisolone on functional recovery after experimental spinal injury. J Neurotrauma 10:25-35, 1993.
    • (1993) J Neurotrauma , vol.10 , pp. 25-35
    • De Ley, G.1    Leybaert, L.2
  • 28
    • 0019268092 scopus 로고
    • The free-radical pathology and the microcirculation in the major central nervous system disorders
    • Demopoulos HB, Flamm ES, Pietronigro DD, Seligman ML: The free-radical pathology and the microcirculation in the major central nervous system disorders. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 492:91-119, 1980.
    • (1980) Acta Physiol Scand Suppl , vol.492 , pp. 91-119
    • Demopoulos, H.B.1    Flamm, E.S.2    Pietronigro, D.D.3    Seligman, M.L.4
  • 29
    • 0019209066 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of spinal cord injury: A reestimation employing life table techniques
    • DeVivo MJ, Fine PR, Maetz HM, Stover SL: Prevalence of spinal cord injury: A reestimation employing life table techniques. Arch Neurol 37:707-708, 1980.
    • (1980) Arch Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 707-708
    • DeVivo, M.J.1    Fine, P.R.2    Maetz, H.M.3    Stover, S.L.4
  • 31
    • 0027670565 scopus 로고
    • Localization of the gene for the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR) to human chromosome 9
    • Donaldson DH, Britt DE, Jones C, Jackson CL, Patterson D: Localization of the gene for the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR) to human chromosome 9. Genomics 17: 782-784, 1993.
    • (1993) Genomics , vol.17 , pp. 782-784
    • Donaldson, D.H.1    Britt, D.E.2    Jones, C.3    Jackson, C.L.4    Patterson, D.5
  • 32
    • 0014531681 scopus 로고
    • Experimental treatments of acute spinal cord injury
    • Ducker TB, Hamit HF: Experimental treatments of acute spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg 30:693-697, 1969.
    • (1969) J Neurosurg , vol.30 , pp. 693-697
    • Ducker, T.B.1    Hamit, H.F.2
  • 33
    • 0015176886 scopus 로고
    • Pathological findings in acute experimental spinal cord trauma
    • Ducker TB, Kindt GW, Kempf LG: Pathological findings in acute experimental spinal cord trauma. J Neurosurg 35:700-708, 1971.
    • (1971) J Neurosurg , vol.35 , pp. 700-708
    • Ducker, T.B.1    Kindt, G.W.2    Kempf, L.G.3
  • 34
    • 0028153029 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord injury: Role of steroid therapy
    • Ducker TB, Zeidman SM: Spinal cord injury: Role of steroid therapy. Spine 19:2281-2287, 1994.
    • (1994) Spine , vol.19 , pp. 2281-2287
    • Ducker, T.B.1    Zeidman, S.M.2
  • 35
    • 0028136180 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of surgery on the treatment of acute spinal cord injury and its relation to pharmacological treatment
    • Duh M-S, Shepard MJ, Wilberg JE, Bracken MB: The effectiveness of surgery on the treatment of acute spinal cord injury and its relation to pharmacological treatment. Neurosurgery 35:240-249, 1994.
    • (1994) Neurosurgery , vol.35 , pp. 240-249
    • Duh, M.-S.1    Shepard, M.J.2    Wilberg, J.E.3    Bracken, M.B.4
  • 36
    • 0021083627 scopus 로고
    • Recent pharmacological advances in experimental spinal injury: Theoretical and methodological considerations
    • Faden AI: Recent pharmacological advances in experimental spinal injury: Theoretical and methodological considerations. Trends Neurosci 6:375-378, 1983.
    • (1983) Trends Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 375-378
    • Faden, A.I.1
  • 37
    • 0020516360 scopus 로고
    • Dynorphin induces partially reversible paraplegia in the rat
    • Faden AI, Jacobs TP: Dynorphin induces partially reversible paraplegia in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 91:321-324, 1983.
    • (1983) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.91 , pp. 321-324
    • Faden, A.I.1    Jacobs, T.P.2
  • 38
    • 0021889163 scopus 로고
    • Opiate antagonist WIN44, 441-3 stereo-specifically improves neurologic recovery after ischemic spinal injury
    • Faden AI, Jacobs TP: Opiate antagonist WIN44, 441-3 stereo-specifically improves neurologic recovery after ischemic spinal injury. Neurology 35:1311-1315, 1985.
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 1311-1315
    • Faden, A.I.1    Jacobs, T.P.2
  • 39
    • 8044223353 scopus 로고
    • A possible pathophysiological role for endorphins in spinal injury
    • Faden AI, Jacobs TP, Holaday JW: A possible pathophysiological role for endorphins in spinal injury. Fed Proc 39:762, 1980.
    • (1980) Fed Proc , vol.39 , pp. 762
    • Faden, A.I.1    Jacobs, T.P.2    Holaday, J.W.3
  • 40
    • 0019491552 scopus 로고
    • Opiate antagonist improves neurologic recovery after spinal injury
    • Faden AI, Jacobs TP, Holaday JW: Opiate antagonist improves neurologic recovery after spinal injury. Science 211:493-494, 1981.
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 493-494
    • Faden, A.I.1    Jacobs, T.P.2    Holaday, J.W.3
  • 41
    • 0021070887 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of naloxone and a delta-selective antagonist in experimental spinal stroke
    • Faden AI, Jacobs TP, Zivin JA: Comparison of naloxone and a delta-selective antagonist in experimental spinal stroke. Life Sci 33:707-710, 1983.
    • (1983) Life Sci , vol.33 , pp. 707-710
    • Faden, A.I.1    Jacobs, T.P.2    Zivin, J.A.3
  • 42
  • 43
    • 8044256445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Drug Administration: Federal Food, Drug, Cosmetic Act. As amended. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21. 667340:1963 [Abstract]
    • Federal Drug Administration: Federal Food, Drug, Cosmetic Act. As amended. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21. 667340:1963 [Abstract].
  • 44
    • 8044223352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Drug Administration: New Drug Regulations under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. 691934:1963 [Abstract]
    • Federal Drug Administration: New Drug Regulations under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. 691934:1963 [Abstract].
  • 45
    • 8044225982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Drug Administration: New Drug Regulations under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; Food and Drug Administration. 12066:1972 [Abstract]
    • Federal Drug Administration: New Drug Regulations under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; Food and Drug Administration. 12066:1972 [Abstract].
  • 46
    • 84965636529 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological modulation of recovery after brain injury: A reconsideration of diaschisis
    • Feeney DM: Pharmacological modulation of recovery after brain injury: A reconsideration of diaschisis. J Neurol Rehab 5:113-128, 1991.
    • (1991) J Neurol Rehab , vol.5 , pp. 113-128
    • Feeney, D.M.1
  • 47
    • 0024326071 scopus 로고
    • The effect of nimodipine and dextran on axonal function and blood flow following experimental spinal cord injury
    • Fehlings MG, Tator CH, Linden RD: The effect of nimodipine and dextran on axonal function and blood flow following experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg 71:403-416, 1989.
    • (1989) J Neurosurg , vol.71 , pp. 403-416
    • Fehlings, M.G.1    Tator, C.H.2    Linden, R.D.3
  • 48
    • 0014783355 scopus 로고
    • Clinical biostatistics. III. The architecture of clinical research
    • Feinstein AR: Clinical biostatistics. III. The architecture of clinical research. Clin Pharmacol Ther 11:432-441, 1970.
    • (1970) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , pp. 432-441
    • Feinstein, A.R.1
  • 49
    • 0014820413 scopus 로고
    • Clinical biostatistics. IV. The architecture of clinical research
    • Feinstein AR: Clinical biostatistics. IV. The architecture of clinical research (continued). Clin Pharmacol Ther 11:595-610, 1970.
    • (1970) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , pp. 595-610
    • Feinstein, A.R.1
  • 50
    • 8044237061 scopus 로고
    • Clinical biostatistics - I. A new name - And some other changes of the guard
    • Feinstein AR: Clinical biostatistics - I. A new name - and some other changes of the guard. Clin Pharmacol Ther 11: 135-148, 1970.
    • (1970) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , pp. 135-148
    • Feinstein, A.R.1
  • 51
    • 0014750727 scopus 로고
    • Clinical biostatistics. II. Statistics versus science in the design of experiments
    • Feinstein AR: Clinical biostatistics. II. Statistics versus science in the design of experiments. Clin Pharmacol Ther 11:282-292, 1970.
    • (1970) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , pp. 282-292
    • Feinstein, A.R.1
  • 52
    • 0014853620 scopus 로고
    • Clinical biostatistics. V. The architecture of clinical research
    • Feinstein AR: Clinical biostatistics. V. The architecture of clinical research (concluded). Clin Pharmacol Ther 11:755-771, 1970.
    • (1970) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , pp. 755-771
    • Feinstein, A.R.1
  • 53
    • 0002327178 scopus 로고
    • The design and logic of a monitor of drug use
    • Finney DJ: The design and logic of a monitor of drug use. J Chron Dis 18:77-98, 1965.
    • (1965) J Chron Dis , vol.18 , pp. 77-98
    • Finney, D.J.1
  • 56
    • 0027423622 scopus 로고
    • The two-edged sword of large-dose steroids for spinal cord trauma
    • Galandiuk S, Raque G, Appel S, Polk HJ Jr: The two-edged sword of large-dose steroids for spinal cord trauma. Ann Surg 218:419-425, 1993.
    • (1993) Ann Surg , vol.218 , pp. 419-425
    • Galandiuk, S.1    Raque, G.2    Appel, S.3    Polk Jr., H.J.4
  • 58
    • 0025021151 scopus 로고
    • Criteria for assessing recovery of function after spinal cord injury: Behavioral methods
    • Goldberger ME, Bregman BS, Vierck CJ Jr, Brown M: Criteria for assessing recovery of function after spinal cord injury: Behavioral methods. Exp Neurol 108:113-117, 1990.
    • (1990) Exp Neurol , vol.108 , pp. 113-117
    • Goldberger, M.E.1    Bregman, B.S.2    Vierck Jr., C.J.3    Brown, M.4
  • 60
    • 0014652724 scopus 로고
    • Sequential pathologic changes in spinal cord injury: A preliminary report
    • Goodkin R, Campbell JB: Sequential pathologic changes in spinal cord injury: A preliminary report. Surg Forum 20:430-432, 1969.
    • (1969) Surg Forum , vol.20 , pp. 430-432
    • Goodkin, R.1    Campbell, J.B.2
  • 61
    • 0006889412 scopus 로고
    • 1 effects on chemical, traumatic and peripheral nerve induce lesions to the spinal cord
    • ed by ME Goldberger, A Gorio, M Murray, Padua, Italy: Liviana Press
    • 1 effects on chemical, traumatic and peripheral nerve induce lesions to the spinal cord. In: Development and Plasticity of the Mammalian Spinal Cord, ed by ME Goldberger, A Gorio, M Murray, Padua, Italy: Liviana Press, 1986, pp 227-242.
    • (1986) Development and Plasticity of the Mammalian Spinal Cord , pp. 227-242
    • Gorio, A.1    DiGiulio, A.M.2    Young, W.3
  • 63
    • 0005927389 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological strategies in the treatment of spinal cord injuries: A critical review
    • Greene KA, Marciano FF, Sonntag VKH: Pharmacological strategies in the treatment of spinal cord injuries: A critical review. Crit Rev Neurosurg 4:254-264, 1994.
    • (1994) Crit Rev Neurosurg , vol.4 , pp. 254-264
    • Greene, K.A.1    Marciano, F.F.2    Sonntag, V.K.H.3
  • 64
    • 0023873759 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F on posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia in cats
    • Hall ED: Effects of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F on posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia in cats. J Neurosurg 68:462-465, 1988.
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.68 , pp. 462-465
    • Hall, E.D.1
  • 65
    • 0024589421 scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system trauma and stroke. II. Physiological and pharmacological evidence for involvement of oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation
    • Hall ED, Braughler JM: Central nervous system trauma and stroke. II. Physiological and pharmacological evidence for involvement of oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 6:303-313, 1989.
    • (1989) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.6 , pp. 303-313
    • Hall, E.D.1    Braughler, J.M.2
  • 66
    • 0023752162 scopus 로고
    • New pharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord trauma
    • Hall ED, Braughler JM, McCall JM: New pharmacological treatment of acute spinal cord trauma. J Neurotrauma 5:81-89, 1988.
    • (1988) J Neurotrauma , vol.5 , pp. 81-89
    • Hall, E.D.1    Braughler, J.M.2    McCall, J.M.3
  • 67
    • 0023257243 scopus 로고
    • A nonglucocorticoid steroid analog of methylprednisolone duplicates its high-dose pharmacology in models of central nervous system trauma and neuronal membrane damage
    • Hall ED, McCall JM, Chase RL, Yonkers PA, Braughler JM: A nonglucocorticoid steroid analog of methylprednisolone duplicates its high-dose pharmacology in models of central nervous system trauma and neuronal membrane damage. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 242:137-142, 1987.
    • (1987) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.242 , pp. 137-142
    • Hall, E.D.1    McCall, J.M.2    Chase, R.L.3    Yonkers, P.A.4    Braughler, J.M.5
  • 68
    • 0026636067 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry and pharmacology of lipid antioxidants in acute brain and spinal cord injury
    • Hall ED, Yonkers PA, Andrus PK, Cox JW, Anderson DK: Biochemistry and pharmacology of lipid antioxidants in acute brain and spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 9:S425-S442, 1992.
    • (1992) J Neurotrauma , vol.9
    • Hall, E.D.1    Yonkers, P.A.2    Andrus, P.K.3    Cox, J.W.4    Anderson, D.K.5
  • 69
    • 0024432034 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between attenuation of posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia and preservation of tissue vitamin E by the 21-aminosteroid U74006F: Evidence for an in vivo antioxidant mechanism
    • Hall ED, Yonkers PA, Horan KL, Braughler JM: Correlation between attenuation of posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia and preservation of tissue vitamin E by the 21-aminosteroid U74006F: Evidence for an in vivo antioxidant mechanism. J Neurotrauma 6:169-176, 1989.
    • (1989) J Neurotrauma , vol.6 , pp. 169-176
    • Hall, E.D.1    Yonkers, P.A.2    Horan, K.L.3    Braughler, J.M.4
  • 70
    • 0027243935 scopus 로고
    • 4-Aminopyridine in chronic spinal cord injury: A controlled, double-blind, crossover study in eight patients
    • Hansebout RR, Blight AR, Fawcett S, Reddy K: 4-Aminopyridine in chronic spinal cord injury: A controlled, double-blind, crossover study in eight patients. J Neurotrauma 10:1-18, 1993.
    • (1993) J Neurotrauma , vol.10 , pp. 1-18
    • Hansebout, R.R.1    Blight, A.R.2    Fawcett, S.3    Reddy, K.4
  • 71
    • 8044222086 scopus 로고
    • Investigational trials in progress: 4-aminopyridine for spinal cord injuries
    • Hayes KC: Investigational trials in progress: 4-aminopyridine for spinal cord injuries. Neurosci Forum 3:1-6, 1993.
    • (1993) Neurosci Forum , vol.3 , pp. 1-6
    • Hayes, K.C.1
  • 72
    • 0027254801 scopus 로고
    • Preclinical trial of 4-aminopyridine in patients with chronic spinal cord injury
    • Hayes KC, Blight AR, Potter PJ, et al.: Preclinical trial of 4-aminopyridine in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 31:216-224, 1993.
    • (1993) Paraplegia , vol.31 , pp. 216-224
    • Hayes, K.C.1    Blight, A.R.2    Potter, P.J.3
  • 73
    • 0027972153 scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic factor therapy for nervous system degenerative disease
    • Hefti F: Neurotrophic factor therapy for nervous system degenerative disease. J Neurobiol 25:1418-1435, 1994.
    • (1994) J Neurobiol , vol.25 , pp. 1418-1435
    • Hefti, F.1
  • 75
    • 0002710899 scopus 로고
    • Non-specific factors in treatment. I. Review of placebo reactions and placebo reactors
    • Honigfeld G: Non-specific factors in treatment. I. Review of placebo reactions and placebo reactors. Dis Nerv Sys 25:145-156, 1964.
    • (1964) Dis Nerv Sys , vol.25 , pp. 145-156
    • Honigfeld, G.1
  • 76
    • 0000127471 scopus 로고
    • Drug screening and evaluative procedures
    • Irwin S: Drug screening and evaluative procedures. Science 136:123-128, 1962.
    • (1962) Science , vol.136 , pp. 123-128
    • Irwin, S.1
  • 77
    • 0021743505 scopus 로고
    • Pathology of spinal injuries
    • Kakulas BA: Pathology of spinal injuries. Cent Nerv Syst Trauma 1:117-129, 1984.
    • (1984) Cent Nerv Syst Trauma , vol.1 , pp. 117-129
    • Kakulas, B.A.1
  • 80
    • 0022655395 scopus 로고
    • Traumatic injury alters opiate receptor binding in rat spinal cord
    • Krumins SA, Faden AI: Traumatic injury alters opiate receptor binding in rat spinal cord. Ann Neurol 19:498-501, 1986.
    • (1986) Ann Neurol , vol.19 , pp. 498-501
    • Krumins, S.A.1    Faden, A.I.2
  • 81
    • 0000962444 scopus 로고
    • Kindliche missbildungen nach medikament-einnahme während der gravidität?
    • Lenz W: Kindliche missbildungen nach medikament-einnahme während der gravidität? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 86:2555, 1961.
    • (1961) Dtsch Med Wochenschr , vol.86 , pp. 2555
    • Lenz, W.1
  • 82
    • 0001303076 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of congenital malformations
    • Lenz W: Epidemiology of congenital malformations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 123:228-236, 1965.
    • (1965) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.123 , pp. 228-236
    • Lenz, W.1
  • 83
    • 0028262267 scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic growth factors and neurodegenerative diseases: Therapeutic potential of the neurotrophins and cilary neurotrophic factor
    • Lindsay RM: Neurotrophic growth factors and neurodegenerative diseases: Therapeutic potential of the neurotrophins and cilary neurotrophic factor. Neurobiol Aging 15:249-251, 1994.
    • (1994) Neurobiol Aging , vol.15 , pp. 249-251
    • Lindsay, R.M.1
  • 84
    • 0027285503 scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone reduces excitatory amino acid release following experimental spinal cord injury
    • Liu D, McAdoo DJ: Methylprednisolone reduces excitatory amino acid release following experimental spinal cord injury. Brain Res 609:293-297, 1993.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.609 , pp. 293-297
    • Liu, D.1    McAdoo, D.J.2
  • 86
    • 8044243536 scopus 로고
    • Review of neuronal specificity: Why do neurons make connections?
    • Marciano FF, Greene KA, Stachowiak MK: Review of neuronal specificity: Why do neurons make connections? BNI Q 8:27-34, 1992.
    • (1992) BNI Q , vol.8 , pp. 27-34
    • Marciano, F.F.1    Greene, K.A.2    Stachowiak, M.K.3
  • 87
    • 0019152436 scopus 로고
    • Opiate receptor function may be modulated through an oxidation-reduction mechanism
    • Marzullo G, Hine B: Opiate receptor function may be modulated through an oxidation-reduction mechanism. Science 208:1171-1173, 1980.
    • (1980) Science , vol.208 , pp. 1171-1173
    • Marzullo, G.1    Hine, B.2
  • 88
    • 84883836027 scopus 로고
    • The teratogenic action of drugs
    • McBride WG: The teratogenic action of drugs. Med J Aust 2:689-693, 1963.
    • (1963) Med J Aust , vol.2 , pp. 689-693
    • McBride, W.G.1
  • 89
    • 8044259572 scopus 로고
    • Chloramphenicol bone marrow toxicity
    • McCurdy PR: Chloramphenicol bone marrow toxicity. JAMA 176:588-593, 1961.
    • (1961) JAMA , vol.176 , pp. 588-593
    • McCurdy, P.R.1
  • 90
    • 73849170526 scopus 로고
    • The saga of thalidomide: Neuropathy to embryopathy, with case reports of congenital anomalies
    • Mellin GW, Katzenstein M: The saga of thalidomide: Neuropathy to embryopathy, with case reports of congenital anomalies. N Engl J Med 267:1184-1192, 1962.
    • (1962) N Engl J Med , vol.267 , pp. 1184-1192
    • Mellin, G.W.1    Katzenstein, M.2
  • 91
    • 8044236386 scopus 로고
    • Seminar on the clinical evaluation of drugs: The protean control of clinical pharmacology
    • Modell W: Seminar on the clinical evaluation of drugs: The protean control of clinical pharmacology. Clin Pharmacol Ther 4:371-392, 1963.
    • (1963) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.4 , pp. 371-392
    • Modell, W.1
  • 92
    • 0017869607 scopus 로고
    • Morphological evidence of microcirculatory disturbances in experimental spinal cord trauma
    • Nemecek S: Morphological evidence of microcirculatory disturbances in experimental spinal cord trauma. Adv Neurol 20:395-405, 1978.
    • (1978) Adv Neurol , vol.20 , pp. 395-405
    • Nemecek, S.1
  • 94
    • 0027519730 scopus 로고
    • Postmarketing study of cardiovascular adverse reactions associated with sumatriptan
    • Ottervanger JP, van Witsen TB, Valkenburg HA, Stricker BHC: Postmarketing study of cardiovascular adverse reactions associated with sumatriptan. BMJ 307:1185, 1993.
    • (1993) BMJ , vol.307 , pp. 1185
    • Ottervanger, J.P.1    Van Witsen, T.B.2    Valkenburg, H.A.3    Stricker, B.H.C.4
  • 95
    • 0025718580 scopus 로고
    • Sumatriptan in migraine
    • Pearce JM: Sumatriptan in migraine [Editorial]. BMJ 303:1491, 1991.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.303 , pp. 1491
    • Pearce, J.M.1
  • 96
    • 0027257268 scopus 로고
    • Effects of nimodipine on posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia in baboons
    • Pointillart V, Gense D, Gross C, et al.: Effects of nimodipine on posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia in baboons. J Neurotrauma 10:201-213, 1993.
    • (1993) J Neurotrauma , vol.10 , pp. 201-213
    • Pointillart, V.1    Gense, D.2    Gross, C.3
  • 98
    • 0019816914 scopus 로고
    • Ganglioside stimulation of axonal sprouting in vitro
    • Roisen FJ, Bartfeld H, Nagele R, Yorke G. Ganglioside stimulation of axonal sprouting in vitro. Science 214:577-578, 1981.
    • (1981) Science , vol.214 , pp. 577-578
    • Roisen, F.J.1    Bartfeld, H.2    Nagele, R.3    Yorke, G.4
  • 99
    • 0027414339 scopus 로고
    • An in vitro study of the effects of methylprednisolone on lesioned and uninjured mammalian spinal neurons
    • Rosenberg-Schaffer LJ, Lucas JH: An in vitro study of the effects of methylprednisolone on lesioned and uninjured mammalian spinal neurons. Brain Res 605:327-331, 1993.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.605 , pp. 327-331
    • Rosenberg-Schaffer, L.J.1    Lucas, J.H.2
  • 100
    • 0025852634 scopus 로고
    • National acute spinal cord injury study of methylprednisolone or naloxone
    • Rosner MJ: National acute spinal cord injury study of methylprednisolone or naloxone [Letter]. Neurosurgery 28:628-629, 1991.
    • (1991) Neurosurgery , vol.28 , pp. 628-629
    • Rosner, M.J.1
  • 101
    • 0026637389 scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone for spinal cord injury
    • Rosner MJ: Methylprednisolone for spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg 77:324-325, 1992.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 324-325
    • Rosner, M.J.1
  • 102
    • 0026342407 scopus 로고
    • Further studies of nimodipine in experimental spinal cord injury in the rat
    • Ross IB, Tator CH: Further studies of nimodipine in experimental spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma 8:229-238, 1991.
    • (1991) J Neurotrauma , vol.8 , pp. 229-238
    • Ross, I.B.1    Tator, C.H.2
  • 103
    • 8044238912 scopus 로고
    • Seminar on the clinical evaluation of drugs. Clinical applications of sequential analysis: An introductory review
    • Rümke L: Seminar on the clinical evaluation of drugs. Clinical applications of sequential analysis: An introductory review. Clin Pharmacol Ther 4:531-547, 1963.
    • (1963) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.4 , pp. 531-547
    • Rümke, L.1
  • 105
    • 8044225890 scopus 로고
    • Gangliosides, neuroplasticity, behavioral recovery after brain damage
    • ed by BE Will, P Schmitt, JC Dalrymple-Alford, New York, Plenum Press
    • Sabel BA, Dunbar GL, Pass B, Stein DG: Gangliosides, neuroplasticity, behavioral recovery after brain damage. In: Brain Plasticity Learning, and Memory, ed by BE Will, P Schmitt, JC Dalrymple-Alford, New York, Plenum Press, 1985, pp 481-493.
    • (1985) Brain Plasticity Learning, and Memory , pp. 481-493
    • Sabel, B.A.1    Dunbar, G.L.2    Pass, B.3    Stein, D.G.4
  • 106
    • 0023749426 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced sprouting of retinotectal fibers after early superior colliculus lesions in hamsters treated with gangliosides
    • Sabel BA, Schneider GE: Enhanced sprouting of retinotectal fibers after early superior colliculus lesions in hamsters treated with gangliosides. Exp Brain Res 71:365-376, 1988.
    • (1988) Exp Brain Res , vol.71 , pp. 365-376
    • Sabel, B.A.1    Schneider, G.E.2
  • 107
    • 0026637389 scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone for spinal cord injury
    • Shapiro SA: Methylprednisolone for spinal cord injury [Letter, Comments]. J Neurosurg 77:324-327, 1992.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 324-327
    • Shapiro, S.A.1
  • 108
    • 8044252758 scopus 로고
    • Chloraphenicol-induced blood dyscrasias: Analysis of 40 cases
    • Sharp AA: Chloraphenicol-induced blood dyscrasias: Analysis of 40 cases. BMJ 1:735-736, 1963.
    • (1963) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 735-736
    • Sharp, A.A.1
  • 109
    • 0023359929 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology and economics of spinal cord injury
    • Stover SL, Fine PR: The epidemiology and economics of spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 25:225-228, 1987.
    • (1987) Paraplegia , vol.25 , pp. 225-228
    • Stover, S.L.1    Fine, P.R.2
  • 110
    • 0027117826 scopus 로고
    • Coronary vasospasm and sumatriptan
    • Stricker BH: Coronary vasospasm and sumatriptan [Letter]. BMJ 305:118, 1992.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.305 , pp. 118
    • Stricker, B.H.1
  • 111
    • 0027268171 scopus 로고
    • Long-term experience with sumatriptan in the treatment of migraine
    • Tansey MJ, Pilgrim AJ, Martin PM: Long-term experience with sumatriptan in the treatment of migraine. Eur Neurol 33: 310-315, 1993.
    • (1993) Eur Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 310-315
    • Tansey, M.J.1    Pilgrim, A.J.2    Martin, P.M.3
  • 112
    • 73849164353 scopus 로고
    • A study of the German outbreak of phocomelia: The thalidomide syndrome
    • Taussig HB: A study of the German outbreak of phocomelia: The thalidomide syndrome. JAMA 180:1106-1114, 1962.
    • (1962) JAMA , vol.180 , pp. 1106-1114
    • Taussig, H.B.1
  • 113
    • 0019310355 scopus 로고
    • Aminopyridines and synaptic transmission
    • Thesleff S: Aminopyridines and synaptic transmission. Neuroscience 5:1413-1419, 1980.
    • (1980) Neuroscience , vol.5 , pp. 1413-1419
    • Thesleff, S.1
  • 115
    • 0020440577 scopus 로고
    • Multiple opiate binding sites in rat spinal cord
    • Traynor JR, Kelley PD, Ranee MJ: Multiple opiate binding sites in rat spinal cord. Life Sci 31:1377-1380, 1982.
    • (1982) Life Sci , vol.31 , pp. 1377-1380
    • Traynor, J.R.1    Kelley, P.D.2    Ranee, M.J.3
  • 116
    • 8044220237 scopus 로고
    • A plan for evaluating potential drugs
    • ed by DR Laurence, AL Bacharach, London, Academic Press
    • Vane JR: A plan for evaluating potential drugs. In: Evaluation of Drug Activities: Pharmacometrics, ed by DR Laurence, AL Bacharach, London, Academic Press, 1964:23-45.
    • (1964) Evaluation of Drug Activities: Pharmacometrics , pp. 23-45
    • Vane, J.R.1
  • 117
    • 0023127634 scopus 로고
    • Chronic regenerative changes in the spinal cord after cord compression injury in rats
    • Wallace MC, Tator CH, Lewis AJ: Chronic regenerative changes in the spinal cord after cord compression injury in rats. Surg Neurol 27:209-219, 1987.
    • (1987) Surg Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 209-219
    • Wallace, M.C.1    Tator, C.H.2    Lewis, A.J.3
  • 118
    • 0024433864 scopus 로고
    • Ischemic injury in the brain: Role of oxygen radical-mediated processes
    • Watson BD, Ginsberg MD: Ischemic injury in the brain: Role of oxygen radical-mediated processes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 559:269-281, 1989.
    • (1989) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.559 , pp. 269-281
    • Watson, B.D.1    Ginsberg, M.D.2
  • 119
    • 0027178488 scopus 로고
    • Aminopyridines and the treatment of spinal cord injury
    • Waxman SG: Aminopyridines and the treatment of spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 10:19-24, 1993.
    • (1993) J Neurotrauma , vol.10 , pp. 19-24
    • Waxman, S.G.1
  • 120
    • 8044241517 scopus 로고
    • Teratogenic effects of thalidomide and related substances
    • Williams RT: Teratogenic effects of thalidomide and related substances. Lancet 1:723-724, 1963.
    • (1963) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 723-724
    • Williams, R.T.1
  • 121
    • 8044234919 scopus 로고
    • Seminar on the clinical evaluation of drugs: Difficulties and opportunities in clinical pharmacology
    • Wilson GM: Seminar on the clinical evaluation of drugs: Difficulties and opportunities in clinical pharmacology. Clin Pharmacol Ther 4:255-260, 1963.
    • (1963) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.4 , pp. 255-260
    • Wilson, G.M.1
  • 122
    • 0000578644 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology of placebos
    • Wolf S: The pharmacology of placebos. Pharmacol Rev 11:689-704, 1959.
    • (1959) Pharmacol Rev , vol.11 , pp. 689-704
    • Wolf, S.1
  • 123
    • 8044220841 scopus 로고
    • Fatal aplastic anemia
    • Wolman B: Fatal aplastic anemia. BMJ 2:426-427, 1952.
    • (1952) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 426-427
    • Wolman, B.1
  • 124
    • 33750629325 scopus 로고
    • Recommendations guiding doctors in clinical research
    • World Medical Association: Declaration of Helsinki: Recommendations guiding doctors in clinical research. World Med J 11:281, 1964.
    • (1964) World Med J , vol.11 , pp. 281
  • 125
    • 0019948247 scopus 로고
    • Influence of transient ischemia on lipid-soluble antioxidants, free fatty acids and energy metabolites in rat brain
    • Yoshida S, Abe K, Busto R, Watson BD, Kogure K, Ginsberg MD: Influence of transient ischemia on lipid-soluble antioxidants, free fatty acids and energy metabolites in rat brain. Brain Res 245:307-316, 1982.
    • (1982) Brain Res , vol.245 , pp. 307-316
    • Yoshida, S.1    Abe, K.2    Busto, R.3    Watson, B.D.4    Kogure, K.5    Ginsberg, M.D.6
  • 126
    • 0022396925 scopus 로고
    • The role of calcium in spinal cord injury
    • Young W: The role of calcium in spinal cord injury. Cent Nerv Syst Trauma 2:109-114, 1985.
    • (1985) Cent Nerv Syst Trauma , vol.2 , pp. 109-114
    • Young, W.1
  • 128
    • 0020361042 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular calcium ionic activity in experimental spinal cord contusion
    • Young W, Yen V, Blight A: Extracellular calcium ionic activity in experimental spinal cord contusion. Brain Res 253: 105-113, 1982.
    • (1982) Brain Res , vol.253 , pp. 105-113
    • Young, W.1    Yen, V.2    Blight, A.3
  • 129
    • 8044245878 scopus 로고
    • The problem of the toxicologic examination of drugs in animals and their safety in man
    • Zbinden G: The problem of the toxicologic examination of drugs in animals and their safety in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 5:537-545, 1964.
    • (1964) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.5 , pp. 537-545
    • Zbinden, G.1
  • 130
    • 8044240870 scopus 로고
    • Part I. General problems in the selection of drugs for clinical trial
    • Zubrod CG: Part I. General problems in the selection of drugs for clinical trial. Clin Pharmacol Ther 3:239-241, 1962.
    • (1962) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.3 , pp. 239-241
    • Zubrod, C.G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.