Dowling Oration delivered at the Royal Society of Medicine, 18 February 1999. The importance of being red

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology

Volumn 24, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 416-422

  Rees, J L ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERMEDIN; MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR; PROTEIN P53;

DNA POLYMORPHISM; DNA SEQUENCE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENETICS; HAIR COLOR; HETEROZYGOSITY LOSS; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RASH; REVIEW; SKIN CANCER; SKIN DISEASE; SKIN PIGMENTATION; SOMATIC CELL GENETICS; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

HUMANS; MOSAICISM; SKIN DISEASES; SKIN NEOPLASMS; SKIN PIGMENTATION;

EID: 0032836797     PISSN: 03076938     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.1999.00515.x     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Jackson R. The lines of Blaschko: a review and reconsideration: Observations of the cause of certain unusual linear conditions of the skin. Br J Dermatol 1976; 95: 349-60.
2. Rees JL. FGFR2 mutations and acne. Lancet 1998; 352: 668-9. Lancet, 352: 668-9.
3. Turner RT, Dahl MGC, Shuster S, Rees JL. Mosaic atopic eczema cured by autotransplantation [research letter]. Lancet 1998; 352: 961.
4. Moss C, Parkin JM, Comaish JS. Precocious puberty in a boy with a widespread linear epidermal naevus. Br J Dermatol 1991; 125: 178-82.
5. Morton NE. Genetic epidemiology. Ann Human Genetics 1997; 61: 1-13.
6. Schork NJ, Cardon LR, Xu XP. The future of genetic epidemiology. Trends Genet 1998; 14: 266-72.
7. Tomlinson I, Bodmer W. Selection, the mutation rate and cancer: ensuring that the tail does not wag the dog. Nature Med 1999; 5: 11-2.
8. Kinder KW, Vogelstein B. Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer. Cell 1996; 87: 159-70.
9. Rees JL, Healy E. Molecular genetic approaches to non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer. Clin Exp Dermatol 1996; 21: 253-62.
10. Rees JL. the genetics of actinic keratoses. In: Altmeyer P, Hoffman K, Stücker M, eds. Skin Cancer, UV Radiation. Berlin: Spriner-Verlag, 1997: 700-8.
11. Rees JL. Skin cancer (Gorlin's syndrome). In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler K, eds. The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998: 527-36.
12. Rees JL. Molecular changes during squamous cell carcinoma development. In: Miller SJ, ed. Cutaneous Oncology: Pathophysiology. Diagnosis and Treatment. Oxford: Blackwell 1998: 353-60.
13. Quinn AG, Sikkink S, Rees JL. Basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of human skin show distinct patterns of chromosome loss. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 4756-9.
14. Quinn AG, Campbell C, Healy E, Rees JL. Chromosome 9 allele loss occurs in both basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. J Invest Dermatol 1994; 102: 300-3.
15. Quinn AG, Sikkink S, Rees JL. Delineation of two distinct deleted regions on chromosome 9 in human non-melanoma skin cancers. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1994; 11: 222-5.
16. Quinn AG. Molecular genetics of human non-melanoma skin cancer. In: Leigh IM, Newton Bishop JA, Kripke ML, eds. Skin Cancer. New York: ICRF. Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1996: 89-114.
17. Farndon PA, Mastro RGD, Evans DGR, Kilpatrick MW. Location of gene for Gorlin syndrome. Lancet 1992; 339: 581-2.
18. Hahn H, Wicking C, Zaphiropoulos PG et al. Mutations of the human homolog of Drosophila patched in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Cell 1996; 85: 841-51.
19. Johnson RL, Rothman AL, Xie JW et al. Human homolog of patched, a candidate gene for the basal cell nevus syndrome. Science 1996; 272: 1668-71.
20. Knudson A. Genetic events in human carcinogenesis. In: Brugge J, Curran T, Harlow E, McCormick F, eds. Origins of Human Cancer. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1991: 17-26.
21. Rehman I, Quinn AG, Takata M, Taylor AE, Rees JL. Low frequency of allelic loss in skin tumours from immunosuppressed individuals. Br J Cancer 1997; 76: 757-9.
22. Waring AJ, Takata M, Rehman I, Rees JL. Loss of heterozygosity analysis of keratoacanthoma reveals multiple differences from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1996; 75: 649-53.
23. Rehman I, Quinn AG, Healy E, Rees JL. High frequency of loss of heterozygosity in actinic keratoses, a usually benign disease. Lancet 1994; 344: 788-9.
24. Rehman I, Takata M, Wu YY, Rees JL. Genetic change in actinic keratoses. Oncogene 1996; 12: 2483-90.
25. Campbell C, Quinn AG, Ro YS, Angus B, Rees JL. p53 mutations are common and early events that precede tumor invasion in squamous cell neoplasm of the skin. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 100: 746-8.
26. Brash DE, Rudolph JA, Simon JA et al. A role for sunlight in skin cancer: UV-induced p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 10124-8.
27. Jonason AS, Kunala S, Price GJ et al. Frequent clones of p53-mutated keratinocytes in normal human skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 14025-9.
28. Silvers WK. Coat Colors of Mice New York: Springer-Verlag, 1979.
29. Harsh GS. The genetics of pigmentation: from fancy genes to complex trails. Trends Genet 1996; 12: 299-305.
30. Jackson IJ. Molecular and developmental genetics of mouse coat color. Annu Rev Genet 1994; 28: 189-217.
31. Mountjoy KG, Robbins LS, Mortrud MT, Cone RD. The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors. Science 1992; 257: 1248-51.
32. Robbins LS, Nadeau JH, Johnson KR et al. Pigmentation phenotypes of variant extension locus alleles result from point mutations that alter MSH receptor function. Cell 1993; 72: 827-34.
33. Valverde P, Healy E, Jackson I, Rees JL, Thody AJ. Variants of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene are associated with red hair and fair skin in humans [see comments]. Nature Genet 1995; 11: 328-30.
34. Lerner AB. The discovery of the melanotropins. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1993; 680: 6801-12.
35. Friedmann PS, Wren F, Buffey J, MacNeil S. Alpha-MSH causes a small rise in cAMP but has no effect on basal or ultraviolet-stimulated melanogenesis in human melanocytes. Br J Dermatol 1990; 123: 145-51.
36. Smith R, Healy E, Siddiqui S et al. Melanocortin 1 receptor variants in an Irish population. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 111: 119-22.
37. Box NF, Wyeth JR, O'Gorman LE, Martin NG, Sturm RA. Characterization of melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor variant alleles in twins with red hair. Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6: 1891-7.
38. Freeman FR, Loomis WF. Vitamin D and skin pigments. Science 1967; 158: 579-80.
39. Bodmer WF, Cavalli-Sforza LL. Genetics, Evolution and Man San Fransisco: W.H. Freeman, 1976.
40. Diamond JM. Race without color. Discovery. 1994; (November). 83-89.
41. Nesse RM, Williams GC. Evolution and the origins of disease. Sci Am 1998; (November): 58-65.
42. Cavalli-Sforza LL, Menozzi P, Piazza A. The History and Geography of Human Genes. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994.
43. Cavalli-Sforza LL. The DNA revolution in population genetics. Trends Genet 1998; 14: 60-5.
44. Harding RM, Sajantila A. Human genome diversity - a project? Nature Genet 1998; 18: 307-8.