Changes in apparent rates of receptor binding in the intact brain in relation to the heterogeneity of reaction environments

Critical Reviews in Neurobiology

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 199-225

  Inoue, Osamu ^a   Kobayashi, Kaoru ^a   Gee, Antony ^b  

^a OSAKA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Japan)

^b AARHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Association; Brain; Dissociation; Heterogeneity; PET; Receptors

Indexed keywords

BRAIN RECEPTOR; CARBON 11; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR; RACLOPRIDE;

ASSOCIATION; BRAIN; CELL COMMUNICATION; COMPETITIVE INHIBITION; DISSOCIATION; MENTAL DISEASE; NERVE CELL; NEUROBIOLOGY; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPHARMACOLOGY; NEUROTRANSMISSION; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RECEPTOR BINDING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 0032822874     PISSN: 08920915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevNeurobiol.v13.i2.40     Document Type: Review

References (189)

1. De Robertis, E., Pellegrino De Iraldi, A., Rodriguez De Lovers Garnaiz G., and Salganicoff, L., Cholinergic acid noncholinergic nerve endings on rat brain. I. Isolation and sub cellular distribution of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase, J. Neurochem., 1962; 9, 23-35, 1962.
2. Gray, E. G. and Whittaker, V. P., The isolation of nerve endings from brain: an electron-microscopic study of cell fragments derived by homogenization and centrifugation, J. Anat. (London), 96, 79-88, 1962.
3. Whittaker, V. P., Michaelson, I. A., and Kirkland, R. J. A., The separation of synaptic vesicles from nerve-ending rarticles (synaptosomes), Biochem. J., 90, 293-303, 19??.
4. Romano, C. and Goldstein, A., Stereospecific nicotine receptors on rat brain membranes, Science, 210(4470), 647-650, 1980.
5. Queen, G., Pinsky, C., and LaBella, F., Subcellular localization of endorphine activity in bovine pituitary and brain, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 72(3), 1021-1027, 1976.
6. Scatchard G., The attraction of proteins for small molecules and ions, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 51, 660-672, 1949.
7. Cornish, Bowden, A. and Koshland, D. E., Jr., Diagnostic uses of the Hill (Logit and Nernst) plots, J. Mol. Biol., 95(2), 201-212, 1975.
8. Trifiletti, R. R., Lo, M. M., and Snyder, S. H., Kinetic differences between type I and type II benzodiazepine receptors, Mol. Pharmacol., 26(2), 228-240, 1984.
9. 3H]opioid receptors in rat brain, Brain Res., 179(2), 255-270, 1979.
10. Kuhar, M. J. and Unnerstall, J. R., In vitro labeling receptor autoradiography: loss of label during ethanol dehydration and preparative procedures, Brain Res., 244(1), 178-181, 1982.
11. 3H]ultrafilm: application to multiple benzodiazepine receptors, J. Neurosci. Methods, 6(1-2), 59-73, 1982.
12. Wagner, H. N., Jr., Burns, H. D., Dannals, R. F., Wong, D. F., Langstrom, B., Duelfer, T., Frost, J. J., Ravert, H. T., Links, J. M., Rosenbloom, S. B., Lukas, S. E., Kramer, A. V., and Kuhar, M. J., Imaging dopamine receptors in the human brain by positron tomography, Science, 221(4617), 1264-1266, 1983.
13. Farde, L., Hall, H., Ehrin, E., and Sedvall, G., Quantitative analysis of D2 dopamine receptor binding in the living human brain by PET, Science, 231(4735), 258-261, 1986.
14. Frost, J. J., Wagner, H. N., Jr., Dannals, R. F., Ravert, H. T., Links, J. M., Wilson, A. A., Burns, H. D., Wong, D. F., McPherson, R. W., Rosenbaum, A. E. et al., Imaging opiate receptors in the human brain by positron tomography, J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr., 9(2), 231-236, 1985.
15. Shinotoh, H., Yamasaki, T., Inoue, O., Itoh, T., Suzuki, K., Hashimoto, K., Tateno, Y., and Ikehira, H., Visualization of specific binding sites of benzodiazepine in human brain, J. Nucl. Med., 27(10), 1593-1599, 1986.
16. 11C]-L-deprenyl in mice: potential for measurement of functional monoamine oxidase activity in brain using positron emission tomography, Biochem. Pharmacol., 34(17), 3207-3210, 1985.
17. 11C-labeled suicide inactivators and PET, Science, 235(4787), 481-485, 1987.
18. 11C-raclopride in living human brain - a search for extrastriatal central D2-dopamine receptors by PET, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 94(4), 471-478, 1988.
19. 11C]-labeled antagonists for positron emission tomography imaging of muscarinic receptors in the airways, J. Med. Chem., 40(1), 117-124, 1997.
20. 11C]raclopride binding to D2-dopamine receptors studied by PET - a comparison to the equilibrium analysis, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 9(5), 696-708, 1989.
21. 11C]-S-4-(tert.-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-benzimidazol-2-one in the dog, J. Chromatogr., Oct 4; 570(2), 361-370, 1991.
22. 11C-labeled beta-adrenoceptor ligand, S-(-)CGP12177, in plasma of humans and rats, J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed. Appl., 663(2), 361-369, 1995.
23. Mintun, M. A., Raichle, M. E., Kilbourn, M. R., Wooten, G. F., and Welch, M. J., A quantitative model for the in vivo assessment of drug binding sites with positron emission tomography, Ann. Neurol., 15(3), 217-227, 1984.
24. 11C]flumazenil kinetics for the estimation of ligand transport rate and receptor distribution using positron emission tomography, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 11(5), 735-744, 1991.
25. 11C-methyl]-(-)-cocaine PET studies in human subjects, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 10(5), 740-747, 1990.
26. Patlak, C. S. and Blasberg, R. G., Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data: Generalizations, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 5(4), 584-590, 1985.
27. Stocklin, G., Radioligands for PET studies of D2 receptors: butyrophenone and ergot derivatives, in Brain Dopaminergic Systems: Imaging with Positron Tomography, Baron, J. C., Comar, D., Farde, L., Martinot, J. L., and Mazoyer, B., Eds., 1991, 5-22.
28. Seeman, P., Niznik, H. B., and Guan, H. C., Elevation of dopamine D2 receptors in schizophrenia is underestimated by radioactive raclopride [letter], Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 47(12), 1170-1172, 1990.
29. Hall, H., Farde, L., and Sedvall, G., Human dopamine receptor subtypes - in vitro binding analysis using 3H-SCH 23390 and 3H-raclopride, J. Neural. Transm., 73(1), 7-21, 1988.
30. 11C]raclopride, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 47(3), 213-219, 1990.
31. 11C]Flumazenil kinetics in human brain using the multi-injection approch, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 13, S791, 1993.
32. 3H]Ro 15-1788 binding to benzodiazepine receptors in human postmortem brain homogenates, J. Neurochem., 55(4), 1310-1315, 1990.
33. 3H]lysergic acid diethylamide binding in mouse cortex and hippocampus in vivo and in vitro revealed by radioautography and rapid filtration studies, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 229(3), 865-871, 1984.
34. Miller, L. G., Thompson, M. L., Greenblatt, D. J., Deutsch, S. I., Shader, R. I., and Paul, S. M., Rapid increase in brain benzodiazepine receptor binding following defeat stress in mice, Brain Res., 414(2), 395-400, 1987.
35. Medina, J. H., Novas, M. L., and De Robertis, E., Changes in benzodiazepine receptors by acute stress: different effect of chronic diazepam or Ro 15-1788 treatment, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 96(3-4), 181-185, 1983.
36. Weizman, R., Weizman, A., Kook, K. A., Vocci, F., Deutsch, S. I., and Paul, S. M., Repeated swim stress alters brain benzodiazepine receptors measured in vivo, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 249(3), 701-707, 1989.
37. A benzodiazepine receptors in the mouse, Brain Res., 519(1-2): 347-350, 1990.
38. Miller, L. G., Deutsch, S. I., Greenblatt, D. J., Paul, S. M., and Shader, R. I., Acute barbiturate administration increases benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 96(3), 385-390, 1988.
39. A receptor function, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 101(4), 545-549, 1990.
40. Insel, T. R., Decreased in vivo binding to brain benzodiazepine receptors during social isolation, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 97(2), 142-144, 1989.
41. Repke, H. and Maderspach, K., Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on culture glia cells, Brain Res., 232(1), 206-211, 1982.
42. 3H]QNB binding by proton-beam irradiation in intact rat brain: an apparent positive cooperativity of binding, Neurosci. Lett., 250, 33-36, 1998.
43. Maderspach, K. and Fajszi, C., Development of beta adrenergic receptors and their function in glia neuron communication in cultured chick brain, Brain Res., 282(3), 251-257, 1983.
44. Maderspach, K. and Solomonia, R., Glial and neuronal opioid receptors: apparent positive cooperativity observed in intact cultured cells, Brain Res., 441(1-2), 41-47, 1988.
45. Budinger, T. F., Critical review of PET, SPECT, and neuroreceptor studies in schizophrenia, J. Neural. Transm. Suppl., 36, 3-12, 1992.
46. Volkow, N. D. and Fowler, J. S., Neuropsychiatric disorders: investigation of schizophrenia and substance abuse, Semin. Nucl. Med., 22(4), 254-267, 1992.
47. Insel, T. R. and Winslow, J. T., Neurobiology of obsessive compulsive disorder, Psychiatr. Clin. North. Am., 15(4), 813-824, 1992.
48. Lago, J. A. and Kosten, T. R., Stimulant withdrawal, Addiction, 89(11), 1477-1481, 1994.
49. Agren, H. and Reibring, L., PET studies of presynaptic monoamine metabolism in depressed patients and healthy volunteer, Pharmacopsychiatry, 27(1), 2-6, 1994.
50. Sedvall, G., Pauli, S., Karlsson, P., Farde, L., Nordstrom, A. L., Nyberg, S., and Halldin, C., PET imaging of neuroreceptors in schizophrenia, Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 5 (Suppl.), 25-30, 1995.
51. Ryding, E., SPECT measurements of brain function in dementia; a review, Acta. Neurol. Scand. Suppl., 168, 54-58, 1996.
52. Laruelle, M., Imaging dopamine transmission in schizophrenid. A review and meta-analysis, Q. J. Nucl. Med., 42(3), 211-221, 1998.
53. Decoo, D. and Destee, A., PET studies in epilepsy, Acta. Neurol. Belg., 97(3), 196-199, 1997.
54. Brooks, D. J., PET and SPECT studies in Parkinson's disease, Baillieres Clin. Neurol., 6(1), 69-87, 1997.
55. 11C-raclopride., Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 92(3), 278-284, 1987.
56. Halldin, C., Farde, L., Barnett, A., and Sedvall, G., Synthesis of carbon-11 labeled SCH 39166, a new selective dopamine D-1 receptor ligand, and preliminary PET investigations, Int. J. Rad. Appl. Instrum. A., 42(5), 451-455, 1991.
57. 11C]NNC 756 as new radioligands for the D1-dopamine receptor, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 113(2), 149-156, 1993.
58. 11C]NNC 756, dopamine D-1 receptor ligands. Preparation, autoradiography, and PET investigation in monkey, Nucl. Med. Biol., 20(8), 945-953, 1993.
59. 18F]-N-methylspiroperidol and PET, J. Nucl. Med., 27(12), 1878-1882, 1986.
60. Maziere, B., Loc'h, C., Hantraye, P., Guillon, R., Duquesnoy, N., Soussaline, F., Naquet, R., Comar, D., and Maziere, M., 76Br-bromospiroperidol: a new tool for quantitative in vivo imaging of neuroleptic receptors, Life Sci., 35(13), 1349-1356, 1984.
61. Halldin, C., Farde, L., Hogberg, T., Mohell, N., Hall, H., Suhara, T., Karlsson, P., Nakashima, Y., and Swahn, C. G., Carbon-11-FLB 457: a radioligand for extrastriatal D2 dopamine receptors, J. Nucl. Med., 36(7), 1275-1281, 1995.
62. Kung, H. F., Alavi, A., Chang, W., Kung, M. P., Keyes, J. W., Jr., Velchik, M. G., Billings, J., Pan, S., Noto, R., Rausch, et al., In vivo SPECT imaging of CNS D-2 dopamine receptors: initial studies with iodine-123-IBZM in humans., J. Nucl. Med., 31(5), 573-579, 1990.
63. 11C-nomifensine and positron emission tomography: the effects of age and Parkinson' s disease, Acta. Neurol. Scand., 77(3), 192-201, 1988.
64. Fowler, J. S., Volkow, N. D., Wolf, A. P., Dewey, S. L., Schlyer, D. J., Macgregor, R. R., Hitzemann, R., Logan, J., Bendriem, B., Gatley, S. J. et al., Mapping cocaine binding sites in human and baboon brain in vivo, Synapse, 4(4), 371-377, 1989.
65. 18F]GBR 13119 to the brain dopamine uptake system, Life Sci., 42(14), 1347-1353, 1988.
66. Innis, R. B., Seibyl, J. P., Scanley, B. E., Laruelle, M., Abi, Dargham, A., Wallace, E., Baldwin, R. M., Zea, Ponce, Y., Zoghbi, S., Wang, S. et al., Single photon emission computed tomographic imaging demonstrates loss of striatal dopamine transporters in Parkinson disease, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90(24), 11965-11969, 1993.
67. Laihinen, A. O., Rinne, J. O., Nagren, K. A., Lehikoinen, P. K., Oikonen, V. J., Ruotsalainen, U. H., Ruottinen, H. M., and Rinne, U. K., PET studies on brain monoamine transporters with carbon-11-beta-CIT in Parkinson's disease, J. Nucl. Med., 36(7), 1263-1267, 1995.
68. 11C]WIN 35,428, Synapse, 15(2), 130-142, 1993.
69. Volkow, N. D., Ding, Y. S., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G. J., Logan, J., Gatley, S. J., Schlyer, D. J., and Pappas, N., A new PET ligand for the dopamine transporter: studies in the human brain, J. Nucl. Med., 36(12), 2162-2168, 1995.
70. Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Gatley, S. J., Dewey, S. L., MacGregor, R. R., Schlyer, D. J., Pappas, N., King, P., Wang, G. J. et al., Carbon-11-cocaine binding compared at subpharmacological and pharmacological doses: a PET study [see comments], J. Nucl. Med., 36(7), 1289-1297, 1995.
71. Hantraye, P., Brouillet, E., Fukuda, H., Chavoix, C., Guibert, B., Dodd, R. H., Prenant, C., Crouzel, M., Naquet, R., and Maziere, M., Benzodiazepine receptors studied in living primates by positron emission tomography: antagonist interactions, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 153(1), 25-32, 1988.
72. 11C]Ro 15-4513, a ligand for visualization of benzodiazepine receptor binding. Preparation, autoradiography, and positron emission tomography, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 108(1-2), 16-22, 1992.
73. Beer, H. F., Blauenstein, P. A., Hasler, P. H., Delaloye, B., Riccabona, G., Bangerl, I., Hunkeler, W., Bonetti, E. P., Pieri, L., Richards, J. G. et al., In vitro and in vivo evaluation of iodine-123-Ro 16-0154: a new imaging agent for SPECT investigations of benzodiazepine receptors, J. Nucl. Med., 31(6), 1007-1014, 1990.
74. 11C-methyl]-benztropine, Synapse, 5(3), 213-223, 1990.
75. 11C]quinuclidinyl benzilate and positron emission tomography in baboons, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 213(2), 275-284, 1992.
76. Mulholland, G. K., Otto, C. A., Jewett, D. M., Kilbourn, M. R., Koeppe, R. A., Sherman, P. S., Petry, N. A., Carey, J. E., Atkinson, E. R., Archer, S. et al., Synthesis, rodent biodistribution, dosimetry, metabolism, and monkey images of carbon-11-labeled (+)-2 alpha-tropanyl benzilate: a central muscarinic receptor imaging agent [published erratum in J. Nucl. Med., 33(5), 667, 1992], J. Nucl. Med., 33(3), 423-430, 1992.
77. 11C]NMPB), a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, Nucl. Med. Biol, 22(1), 13-17, 1995.
78. 11C]tropanyl benzilate., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 16(2), 303-310, 1996.
79. Knapp, F. F., Jr., McPherson, D. W., Luo, H., and Zeeburg, B., Radiolabeled ligands for imaging the muscarinic-cholinergic receptors of the heart and brain, Anticancer Res., 17(3B), 1559-1572, 1997.
80. 11C]MDL 100907, a radioligland for selective imaging of 5-HT(2A) receptors with positron emission tomography [published erratum in Life Sci., 58(25), 379, 1996], Life Sci., 58(10), 187-192, 1996.
81. 3H]WAY-100635 as an in vivo radioligand for 5-HT1A receptors in rat brain, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 271(2-3), 515-523, 1994.
82. 11C]-carfentanil binding to opiate receptors in humans measured by positron emission tomography, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 9(3), 398-409, 1989.
83. 18F]cyclofoxy and positron emission tomography, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 13(1), 24-42, 1993.
84. Villemagne, V. L., Horti, A., Scheffel, U., Ravert, H. T., Finley, P., Clough, D. J., London, E. D., Wagner, H. N., Jr., and Dannals, R. F., Imaging nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with fluorine-18-FPH, an epibatidine analog, J. Nucl. Med., 38(11), 1737-1741, 1997.
85. Jung, Y. W., Frey, K. A., Mulholland, G. K., del Rosario, R., Sherman, P. S., Raffel, D. M., Van Dort, M. E., Kuhl, D. E., Gildersleeve, D. L., and Wieland, D. M., Vesamicol receptor mapping of brain cholinergic neurons with radioiodine-labeled positional isomers of benzovesamicol, J. Med. Chem., 39(17), 3331-3342, 1996.
86. Noguchi, J., Ishiwata, K., Furuta, R., Simada, J., Kiyosawa, M., Ishii, S., Endo, K., Suzuki, F., and Senda, M., Evaluation of carbon-11 labeled KF15372 and its ethyl and methyl derivatives as a potential CNS adenosine A1 receptor ligand, Nucl. Med. Biol., 24(1), 53-59, 1997.
87. Holschbach, M. H., Fein, T., Krummeich, C., Lewis, R. G., Wutz, W., Schwabe, U., Unterlugauer, D., and Olsson, R. A., A1 adenosine receptor antagonists as ligands for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPET), J. Med. Chem., 41(4), 555-563, 1998.
88. 3H]raclopride to rat and human brain membranes, J. Neurochem., 55(6), 2048-2057, 1990.
89. 11C]diprenorphine and positron emission tomography [published erratum in J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 12(5), 885, 1992], J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 11(2), 204-219, 1991.
90. Suhara, T., Nakayama, K., Inoue, O., Fukuda, H., Shimizu, M., Mori, A., and Tateno, Y., D1 dopamine receptor binding in mood disorders measured by positron emission tomography, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 106(1), 14-18, 1992.
91. Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Gatley, S. J., Logan, J., Wang, G. J., Ding, Y. S., and Dewey, S., PET evaluation of the dopamine system of the human brain, J. Nucl. Med., 37(7), 1242-1256, 1996.
92. Suhara, T., Fukuda, H., Inoue, O., Itoh, T., Suzuki, K., Yamasaki, T., and Tateno, Y., Age-realated changes in human D1 dopamine receptors measured by positron emission tomography, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 103(1), 41-45, 1991.
93. Wong, D. F., Wagner, H. N., Jr., Dannals, R. F., Links, J. M., Frost, J. J., Ravert, H. T., Wilson, A. A., Rosenbaum, A. E., Gjedde, A., Douglass, K. H. et al., Effects of age on dopamine and serotonin receptors measured by positron tomography in the living human brain, Science, 226(4681), 1393-1396, 1984.
94. 11C-raclopride, Arch. Neurol., 50(5), 474-480, 1993.
95. 11C]raclopride, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 13(2), 310-314, 1993.
96. 11C-nomifensine and positron emission tomography: the effects of age and Parkinson's disease, Acta. Neurol. Scand., 77(3), 192-201, 1988.
97. Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G. J., Logan, J., Schlyer, D., MacGregor, R., Hitzemann, R., and Wolf, A. P., Decreased dopamine transporters with age in health human subjects, Ann. Neurol., 36(2), 237-239, 1994.
98. Seeman, P., Bzowej, N. H., Guan, H. C., Bergeron, C., Becker, L. E., Reynolds, G. P., Bird, E. D., Riederer, P., Jellinger, K., Watanabe, S. et al., Human brain dopamine receptors in children and aging adults, Synapse, 1(5), 399-404, 1987.
99. Suhara, T., Inoue, O., Kobayashi, K., Suzuki, K., and Tateno, Y., Age-related changes in human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors measured by positron emission tomography, Neurosci. Lett., 149(2), 225-228, 1993.
100. 11C]tropanyl benzilate, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 16(2), 303-310, 1996.
101. Allen, S. J., Benton, J. S., Doodhardt, M. J., Haan, E. A., Sims, N. R., Smith, C. C. T., Spillane, J. A., Bowen, D. M., and Davinson, A. N., Biochemical evidence of selective nerve cell changes in the normal aging human and rat brain, J. Neurochem., 41, 256-265, 1983.
102. Rinne, J. O., Muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors in the aging human brain, Brain Res., 404, 162-168, 1987.
103. Shite, P., Hiley, C. R., Goodhardt, M. J., Carrasco, L. H., Keet, J. P., Williams, I. E., and Bowen, D. M., Neocortical cholinergic neurons in elderly people, Lancet, 1, 668-671, 1977.
104. 123I-IMP, Kaku. Igaku., 33(1), 49-56, 1996.
105. Fukuchi, K., Hashikawa, K., Seike, Y., Moriwaki, H., Oku, N., Ishida, M., Fujita, M., Uehara, T., Tanabe, H., Kusuoka, H., and Nishimura, T., Comparison of iodine-123-iomazenil SPECT and technetium-99m-HMPAO-SPECT in Alzheimer's disease, J. Nucl. Med., 38(3), 467-470, 1997.
106. Kuikka, J. T., Pitkanen, A., Lepola, U., Partanen, K., Vainio, P., Bergstrom, K. A., Wieler, H. J., Kaiser, K. P., Mittelbach, L., Koponen, H. et al., Abnormal regional benzodiazepine receptor uptake in the prefrontal cortex in patients with panic disorder, Nucl. Med. Commun., 16(4), 273-280, 1995.
107. Kaschka, W., Feistel, H., and Ebert, D., Reduced benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorders measured by iomazenil SPECT, J. Psychiatr. Res., 29(5), 427-434, 1995.
108. Busatto, G. F., Pilowsky, L. S., Costa, D. C., Ell, P. J., David, A. S., Lucey, J. V., and Kerwin, R. W., Correlation between reduced in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding and severity of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia [published erratum in Am. J. Psychiatry, 154(5), 722, 1997], Am. J. Psychiatry, 154(1), 56-63, 1997.
109. 123I-iomazenil SPECT, Nippon. Rinsho., 55(1), 244-248, 1997.
110. Leenders, K. L., Aquilonius, S. M., Bergstrom, K., Bjurling, P., Crossman, A. R., Eckernas, S. A., Gee, A. G., Hartvig, P., Lundqvist, H., Langstrom, B. et al., Unilateral MPTP lesion in a rhesus monkey: effects on the striatal dopaminergic system measured in vivo with PET using various novel tracers, Brain Res., 29; 445(1), 61-67, 1988.
111. 11C-raclopride PET findings in patients with parkinsonism, Nucl. Med. Commun., 15(10), 806-813, 1994.
112. 11C]raclopride and positron emission tomography in previously untreated patients with Parkinson's disease: Influence of L-dopa and lisuride therapy on striatal dopamine D2-receptors, Neurology, 44(7), 1325-1329, 1994.
113. 11C]raclopride, J. Neural. Sci, 132(2), 156-161, 1995.
114. 11C-N-methylspiperone, Acta. Neural. Scand., 75(2), 87-94, 1987.
115. Przedborski, S., Goldman, S., Levivier, M., Giladi, N., Bidaut, L. M., Hildebrand, J., Stanus, E., Labar, D., and Luxen, A., Brain glucose metabolism and dopamine D2 receptor analysis in a patient with hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome, Mov. Disord., 8(3), 391-395, 1993.
116. Shinotoh, H., Hirayama, K., and Tateno, Y., Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in Parkinson's disease and striatonigral degeneration determined by PET, Adv. Neural, 60, 488-493, 1993.
117. Farde, L., Nordstrom, A. L., Karlsson, P., Halldin, C., and Sedvall, G., Positron emission tomography. Studies on dopamine receptors in schizophrenia, Clin. Neuropharmacol., 18, S121-S129, 1995.
118. Farde, L., Nordstrom, A. L., Wiesel, F. A., Pauli, S., Halldin, C., and Sedvall, G., Positron emission tomographic analysis of central D1 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in patients treated with classical neuroleptics and clozapine. Relation to extrapyramidal side effects, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 49(7), 538-544, 1992.
119. 18F]N-methylspiroperidol PET studies to measure changes in antipsychotic drug D-2 receptor occupancy in schizophrenic patients [see comments], Biol. Psychiatry, 23(7), 653-663, 1988.
120. Nordstrom, A. L., Farde, L., and Halldin, C., Time course of D2-dopamine receptor occupancy examined by PET after single oral doses of haloperidol, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 106(4), 433-438, 1992.
121. Farde, L. and Nordstrom, A. L., PET analysis indicates atypical central dopamine receptor occupancy in clozapine-treated patients, Br. J. Psychiatry, 17(Suppl.), 30-33, 1992.
122. Nordstrom, A. L., Farde, L., and Halldin, C., High 5-HT2 receptor occupancy in clozapine treated patients demonstrated by PET, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 110(3), 365-367, 1993.
123. Nordstrom, A. L., Farde, L., Nyberg, S., Karlsson, P., Halldin, C., and Sedvall, G., D1, D2, and 5-HT2 receptor occupancy in relation to clozapine serum concentration: a PET study of schizophrenic patients [see comments], Am. J. Psychiatry, 152(10), 1444-1449, 1995.
124. Shinotoh, H., Iyo, M., Yamada, T., Inoue, O., Suzuki, K., Itoh, T., Fukuda, H., Yamasaki, T., Tateno, Y., and Hirayama, K., Detection of benzodiazepine receptor occupancy in the human brain by positron emission tomography, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 99(2), 202-207, 1989.
125. Abadie, P., Rioux, P., Scatton, B., Zarifian, E., Barre, L., Patat, A., and Baron, J. C., Central benzodiazepine receptor occupancy by zolpidem in the human brain as assessed by positron emission tomography, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 295(1), 35-44, 1996.
126. Yanai, K., Ryu, J. H., Watanabe, T., Iwata, R., Ido, T., Sawai, Y., Ito, K., and Itoh, M., Histamine H1 receptor occupancy in human brains after single oral doses of histamine H1 antagonists measured by positron emission tomography, Br. J. Pharmacol., 116(1), 1649-1655, 1995.
127. Seeman, P., Guan, H. C., and Van Tol, H. H., Dopamine D4 receptors elevated in schizophrenia [see comments], Nature, 365(6445), 441-445, 1993.
128. Wang, G. J., Volkow, N. D., Logan, J., Fowler, J. S., Schlyer, D., MacGregor, R. R., Hitzemann, R. J., Gur, R. C., and Wolf, A. P., Evaluation of age-related changes in serotonin 5-HT2 and dopamine D2 receptor availability in healthy human subjects, Life Sci., 56(14), PL249-PL253, 1995.
129. 3H]raclopride: implications for positron emission tomography of the human brain, Synapse, 3(1), 96-97, 1989.
130. 3H-raclopride in the mouse brain in vivo, Naunyn. Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 340(1), 6-12, 1989.
131. 18F]N-methylspiroperidol binding in the basal ganglia: comparison of simulations and experimental results from PET studies in baboons, Synapse, 9(3),: 195-207, 1991.
132. 125I]iomazenil in intact mouse brain, J. Neural. Tramsm., in press, 1999.
133. Schloesser, R., Simkowitz, P., Bartlett, E. J., Wolkin, A., Smith, G. S., Dewey, S. L., and Brodie, J. D., The study of neurotransmitter interactions using positron emission tomography and functional coupling, Clin. Neuropharmacol., 19(5), 371-389, 1996.
134. Jackson, D. M. and Westlind, Danielsson, A., Dopamine receptors: molecular biology, biochemistry, and behavioural aspects, Pharmacol. Ther., 64(2), 291-370, 1994.
135. Starr, M. S., Glutamate/dopamine D1/D2 balance in the basal ganglia and its relevance to Parkinson's disease, Synapse, 19(4), 264-293, 1995.
136. Riederer, P., Lange, K. W., Kornhuber, J., and Danielczyk, W., Glutamatergic-dopaminergic balance in the brain. Its importance in motor disorders and schizophrenia, Arzneimittelforschung, 42(2A), 265-268, 1992.
137. 3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in rats, Brain Res., 171(3), 473-480, 1979.
138. 11C-benztropine in primates, Neuropsychopharmacology, 8(4), 371-376, 1993.
139. 11C]raclopride and PET in normal human subjects, Am. J. Psychiatry, 154(4), 490-496, 1997.
140. Dewey, S. L., Smith, G. S., Logan, J., Alexoff, D., Ding, Y. S., King, P., Pappas, N., Brodie, J. D., and Ashby, C. R., Jr., Serotonergic modulation of striatal dopamine measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and in vivo microdialysis, J. Neurosci., 15(1 Pt. 2), 821-829, 1995.
141. 11C]raclopride binding in the brain: model simulations and kinetic analysis of PET data, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 14(6), 995-1010, 1994.
142. Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G. J., Dewey, S. L., Schlyer, D., MacGregor, R., Logan, J., Alexoff, D., Shea, C., Hitzemann, R. et al., Reproducibility of repeated measures of carbon-11-raclopride binding in the human brain [published erratum in J. Nucl. Med., 34(5), 838, 1993], J. Nucl. Med., 34(4), 609-613, 1993.
143. 11C-raclopride and positron emission tomography, J. Neurosci., 12(10), 3773-3780, 1992.
144. Dewey, S. L., Smith, G. S., Logan, J., Brodie, J. D., Simkowitz, P., MacGregor, R. R., Fowler, J. S., Volkow, N. D., and Wolf, A. P., Effects of central cholinergic blockade on striatal dopamine release measured with positron emission tomography in normal human subjects, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90(24), 11816-11820, 1993.
145. 11C-raclopride is altered by drugs that modify synaptic dopamine levels, Synapse, 13(4), 350-356, 1993.
146. Gifford, A. N., Gatley, S. J., and Ashby, C. R., Jr., Endogenously released dopamine inhibits the binding of dopaminergic PET and SPECT ligands in superfused rat striatal slices, Synapse, 22(3), 232-238, 1996.
147. 3H]SCH 23390 in vivo, Neuropharmacology, 31(2), 115-121, 1992.
148. 3H]N-methylspiperone, Neuropharmacology, 37, 375-381, 1998.
149. 3H]SCH 23390 induced by MK-801 in the mouse striatum, Neuropharmacology, 32(4), 341-348, 1993.
150. 3H]raclopride binding in mouse striatum by MK-801: Evidence that factors othre than competition by endogenous dopamine are responsible for changes in D2 receptor binding in vivo, in press, 1999.
151. 123I]β-CIT by MK-801 in rat brain, Synapse, 30, 402-408, 1998.
152. Schmidt, C. J. and Fadayel, G. M., Regional effects of MK-801 on dopamine release: effects of competitive NMDA or 5-HT2A receptor blockade, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 277(3), 1541-1549, 1996.
153. 3H]N-methylspiperone induced by oxotremorine, J. Neural. Tramsm., in press, 1999.
154. 3H]raclopride in recerpine-treated mouse brain, J. Neural. Transm., 85, 1-10, 1991.
155. 3H]spiperone at dopamine D2 receptors in vivo in rat brain. Implications for pet studies, J. Recept. Signal. Transduct. Res., 17(1-3), 419-431, 1997.
156. 123I]beta-CIT binding in tne strimatum with clomipramine: is there a serotonin-dopamine interaction? Eur. J. Nucl. Med., 24(4), 403-408, 1997.
157. 3H]N-methylspiperone binding in mouse striaturn: Important role of other factors than endogenous dopamine? Synapse, 30, 338-340, 1998.
158. Suhara, T., Inoue, O., Kobayashi, K., Satoh, T., and Tateno, Y., An acute effect of triazolam on muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding in the human brain measured by positron emission tomography, Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 113(3-4), 311-317, 1994.
159. 11C-raclopride against anesthetics in rhesus monkey brain, J. Neural. Transm. Gen. Sect., 100(2), 147-151, 1995.
160. 11C]methylspiperone binding in vivo: positron emission tomography study using conscious rhesus monkey, Brain Res., 663(2), 191-198, 1994.
161. Inoue, O., Kobayashi, K., and Suhara, T., Effect of sedative drugs upon receptor binding in vivo, Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 16(6), 783-789, 1992.
162. Simon, E, J. and Groth, J., Kinetics of opiate receptor inactivation by sulfhydryl reagents: evidence for conformational change in presence of sodium ions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 72(6), 2404-2407, 1975.
163. Weiner, N., Arold, N., and Wesemann, W., Possible hazards in serotonin binding assays in human and rat brain: effects of ascorbate, pargyline, and buffer concentration, J. Neurosci. Methods, 5(1-2), 41-45, 1982.
164. Kurioka, S., Kimura, Y., and Matsuda, M., Effects of sodium and bicarbonate ions on gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor binding in synaptic membranes of rat brain, J. Neurochem., 37(2), 418-421, 1981.
165. 3H-agonist binding, pH dependency, and lack of inhibition by ascorbic acid, Biochem. Pharmacol., 31(19), 3085-3091, 1982.
166. Creese, I., Pasternak, G. W., Pert, C. B., and Snyder, S. H., Discrimination by temperature of opiate agonist and antagonist receptor binding, Life Sci., 16(12), 1837-1842, 1975.
167. Quast, U., Mahlmann, H., and Vollmer, K. O., Temperature dependence of the benzodiazepine-receptor interaction, Mol. Pharmacol., 22(1), 20-25, 1982.
168. Galron, R., Avissar, S., and Sokolovsky, M., Temperature dependence of agonist binding to muscarinic receptors in rat hypothalamic regions, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 102(2), 791-798, 1981.
169. Mohler, H. and Richards, J. G., Agonist and antagonist benzodiazepine receptor interaction in vitro, Nature, 294(5843), 763-765, 1981.
170. Ruis, A., Sanz, J. M., Gonzalez, Calero, G., Fernandez, M., Anres, A., Cubero, A., and Ros, M., Desensitization and internalization of adenosine A1 receptors in rat brain by in vivo treatment with RPIA: involvement of coated vesicles, Biochem. Biophys. Acta., 1310(1), 168-174, 1997.
171. Keith, D. E., Anton, B., Murray, S. R., Zaki, P. A., Chu, P. C., Lissin, D. V., Monteillert, Agius, G., and Steart, P. L., μ-opioid receptor internalization: opiate drugs have differential effects on a conserved endocytic mechanism in vitro and in the mammalian brain, Mol. Pharmacol., 53(3), 377-384, 1998.
172. Manevich, E. M., Koiv, A., Jarv, J., Molotkovsky, J. G., and Bergelson, L. D., Binding of specific ligands to muscarinic receptors alters the fluidity of membrane fragments from rat brain. A fluorescence polarization study with lipid-specific probes, FEBS Lett., 236(1), 43-46, 1988.
173. 3H]opioid ligands to rat brain membranes: possible involvement of the change in the membrane fluidity, Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 42(2), 159-167, 1986.
174. Lazar, D. F. and Medzihradsky, F., Altered transition between agonist-and antagonist-favoring states of mu-opioid receptor in brain membranes with modified microviscosity, J. Neurochem., 61(3), 1135-1140, 1993.
175. Antonian, L. and Lippa, A. S., Effect of AL 721, a novel membrane fluidizer, on the binding parameters of brain dopamine receptors, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 515, 403-410, 1988.
176. 3H]ketanserin binding to 5-HT2 prefrontal cortex receptors, Neurochem. Int., 27(6), 489-49, 1995.
177. Ghosh, C., Dick, R. M., and Ali, S. F., Iron/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation changes membrane fluidity and muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding in rat frontal cortex, Neurochem. Int., 23(5), 479-484, 1993.
178. Lazar, D. F. and Medzihradsky, F., Altered microviscosity at brain membrane surface induces distinct and reversible inhibition of opioid receptor binding, J. Neurochem., 59(4), 1233-1240, 1992.
179. Remmers, A. E., Nordby, G. L., and Medzihradsky, F., Modulation of opioid receptor binding by cis and trans fatty acids, J. Neurochem., 55(6), 1993-2000,1990.
180. Muccioli, G., Scordamaglia, A., Bertacco, S., and Di Carlo, R., Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on brain muscarinic receptors of aged rats, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 227(3), 293-299, 1992.
181. Gimenez, R., Raich, J., and Aguilar, J., Changes in brain striatum dopamine and acetylcholine receptors induced by chronic CDP-choline treatment of aging mice, Br. J. Pharmacol., 104(3), 575-578, 1991.
182. Miller, L. G., Greenblatt, D. J., Roy, R. B., Lopez, F., and Wecker, L., Dietary choline intake modulates benzodiazepine receptor binding and gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor function in mouse brain, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 248(1), 1-6, 1989.
183. Perry, D. C., Mullis, K. B., Oie, S., and Sadee, W., Opiate antagonist receptor binding in vivo: evidence for a new receptor binding model, Brain Res., 199(1), 49-61, 1980.
184. Kloog, Y., Egozi, Y., and Sokolovsky, M., Characterization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors from mouse brain: evidence for regional heterogeneity and isomerization, Mol. Pharmacol., 15, 545-558, 1979.
185. Kloog, Y., Egozi, Y., and Sokolovsky, M., Regional heterogeneity of muscarinic receptors of mouse brain, FEBS Lett., 97, 265-268, 1979.
186. Ellis, J. and Hoss, W., Analysis of regional variations in the affinities of muscarinic agonists in the rat brain, Brain Res., 193, 189-198, 1980.
187. 3H]pirenzepine binding in the rat provide evidence for distinct M1 and M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes, Life Sci., 32, 3001-3011, 1983.
188. Delforge, J., Syrota, A., and Bendriem, B., Concept of reaction volume in the in vivo ligand-receptor model [see comments], J. Nucl. Med., 37(1), 118-125, 1996.
189. 3H]Ro15-4513 in rat hippocampus: comparison between in vitro and in vivo binding, Neurosci. Lett., 250, 1-4, 1998.