Prevalence of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci in various population groups in Berlin, Germany

Journal of Hospital Infection

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 193-200

  Wendt, C ^a,c   Krause, C ^a   Xander, L U ^b   Loffler D ^a   Floss, H ^a  

^a Institut fur Hygiene   (Germany)

^b TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Colonization; Cross infection; Prevalence; Vancomycin resistant enterococci

Indexed keywords

VANCOMYCIN;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL INFECTION; COMMUNITY HOSPITAL; DEVICE; ENTEROCOCCUS; FEMALE; GERMANY; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NURSING HOME; OUTPATIENT; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; QUESTIONNAIRE; RECTUM; RISK FACTOR; STUDENT;

EID: 0032817627     PISSN: 01956701     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/jhin.1999.0597     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Reinhardt A, Klare I, Just H-M, Witte W. First reported outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) of VanA type in Germany. 36th Interscience Conf Antimicrob, Agents Chemother 1996; New Orleans: J36.
2. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, 4th ed. Approved standard M7-A4. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Villanova, Pa 1997.
3. Pfaller M, Hollis RJ, Sader HS. PFGE of chromosomal DNA. In: Isenberg HD, ed. Clinical Microbiological Procedures Handbook. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1992: Section 10-5-c.
4. Tenover FC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV, et al. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 2233-2239.
5. McCullagh P, Nelder IA. Generalized linear models. London: Chapman & Hall, 1985.
6. Leclercq R, Derlot E, Duval J, Courvalin P. Plasmid mediated resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecium. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 157-161.
7. CDC. Nosocomial enterococci resistant to vancomycin - United States, 1989-1993. MMWR 1993; 42: 597-599.
8. Boyle JF, Soumakis SA, Rendo A, et al. Epidemiologic analysis and genotypic characterization of a nosocomial outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 1280-1285.
9. Livornese LL Jr., Dias S, Samel C, et al. Hospital-acquired infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium transmitted by electronic thermometers. Ann Int Med 1992; 117: 112-116.
10. Montecalvo MA, Horowitz H, Gerdis C. Out-break of vancomycin-, ampicillin-, and aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia in an adult oncology unit. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38: 1363-1367.
11. Handwerger S, Raucher B, Altarac D, et al. Nosocomial outbreak due to Enterococcus faecium highly resistant to vancomycin, penicillin, and gentamicin. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 16: 750-5.
12. Boyce JM, Opal SM, Chow JW, et al. Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium with transferable vanB class vancomycin resistance. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 1148-1153.
13. Edmond MB, Ober JF, Weinbaum DL. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: risk factors for infection. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 1126-1133.
14. Uttley AHC, George RC, Naidoo J. High-level resistant enterococci causing hospital infections. Epidemiol Infect 1989; 103: 173-181.
15. Karanfil LV, Murphy M, Josephson A, et al. A cluster of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in an intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992; 13: 195-200.
16. Rubin LG, Tucci V, Cercenado E. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in hospitalized children. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992; 13: 700-705.
17. Morris JG, Shay DK, Hebden JN, et al. Enterococci resistent to multiple antimicrobial agents, including vancomycin: establishment of endemicity in a university medical center. Ann Int Med 1995; 123: 250-259.
18. Weinstein JW, Roe M, Towns M, et al. Resistant enterococci: a prospective study of prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with colonization in a university hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996; 17: 36-41.
19. Weinstein JW, Tallapragada S, Farrel P, Dembry L-M. Comparison of rectal and perirectal swabs for detection of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 34: 210-212.
20. Chadwick PR, Elliot J, Rowland P, Keaney MGL, Joseph LA. Screening patients for glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. J Hosp Infect 1996; 33: 226-227.
21. Wade JJ. The emergence of Enterococcus faecium resistant to glycopetides and other standard agents - a preliminary report. J Hosp Infect 1995; 30(suppl): 483-493.
22. Klare I, Heier H, Claus H, et al. Enterococcus faecium strains with vanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance isolated from animal foodstuffs and fecal samples of humans in the community. Microb Drug Res 1995; 1: 265-272.
23. Van der Auwera P, Pensart N, Korten V, Murray BE, Leclercq R. Influence of oral glycopeptides on the fecal flora of human volunteers: selection of highly glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. J Infect Dis 1996; 173: 1129-1136.
24. Endtz H, van den Braak N, van Belkum A, et al. Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in hospitalized patients and those living in the community in The Netherlands. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 3026-3031.
25. Klare I, Heier H, Claus H, Reissbrodt R, Witte W VanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance among isolates in Enterococcus faecium from animal husbandry. FEMS Microbiology Letters 1995; 125: 165-172.
26. Witte W. Medical consequences of antibiotic use in agriculture. Science 1998; 279: 996-997.
27. McDonald LC, Kuehnert MJ, Tenover FC, Jarvis WR. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci outside the health-care setting: prevalence, sources, and public health implications. Emerg Infect Dis 1997; 3: 311-315.
28. Bates J, Jordens JZ, Griffith DT. Farm animals as a putative reservoir for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection in men. J Antimicrob Chemoth 1994; 34: 1134-1136.
29. Jordens JZ, Bates J, Griffiths DT. Feacal carriage and nosocomial spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Antimicrob Chemoth 1994; 34: 515-528.
30. Boisivon A, Thibault M, Leclerq R, Collège de Baćeliologie-Virologie-Hygieǹe des Hôpilax Genevaux Français. Colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci of the intestinal tract of patients in intensive care units from French general hospitals. Clin Microbiol Infect 1997; 3: 175-179.
31. Gordts B, Van Landuyt H, Leven M, Vandamme P, Goossens H. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonizing the intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 2842-2846.
32. Suppola JP, Volin L, Valtonen VV, Vaara M. Overgrowth of Enterococcus faecium in the feces of patients with haematological malignancies. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23: 694-697.
33. Quale J, Patel K, Zaman M, et al. Fecal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in nursing home and hospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 733. Abstract.
34. Quale J, Landmann D, Atwood E, et al. Experience with a hospital-wide outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Am J Infect Control 1996; 24: 372-379.
35. Coque TM, Tomakayo JF, Ricke SC, Okhuysen PC, Murray BE. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci from nosocomial, community, and animal sources in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemoth 1996; 40: 2605-2609.
36. Bonilla HF, Zervos MA, Lyons MJ, et al. Colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: comparison of a long-term-care unit with an acute-care hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997; 18: 333-339.
37. Revuelta MP, Nord JA, Yarrish RL, Kislak JW, LaBombardi V. Recycling of hospital-aquired colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci via nursing home residents. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 730. Abstract.
38. Tornieporth NG, Roberts RB, John J, Hafner A, Riley LW. Risk factors associated with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infection or colonization in 145 matched case patients and control patients. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23: 767-772.
39. Rao GG, Ojo F, Kolokithas D. Vancomycin-resistant gram-positive cocci: risk factors for faecal carriage. J Hosp Infect 1997; 35: 63-69.
40. Issack MI, Power EGM, French GL. Investigation of an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. J Hosp Infect 1996; 33: 191-200.
41. CDC. Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995; 16: 105-113.