Synthesis and reactivity of subvalent compounds, 8 aromatic phosphenium cations

European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry

Volumn , Issue 1, 1999, Pages 41-49

  Denk, Michael K ^a   Gupta, Shilpi ^a   Lough, Alan J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Ab initio calculations; Aromaticity; Phosphenium cations; Phosphorus heterocycles

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; AROMATIZATION; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; HEXANE; HYDROGENATION; PHOSPHORUS; QUANTUM CHEMISTRY; SINGLE CRYSTALS; STABILIZATION; X RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

AB INITIO CALCULATIONS; AB INITIO METHOD; AROMATIC STABILIZATION; AROMATICITIES; EXPERIMENTAL METHODS; MULTINUCLEAR NMR; PHOSPHANES; PHOSPHENIA CATION; PHOSPHORUS HETEROCYCLES; SUBVALENT COMPOUNDS;

POSITIVE IONS;

AROMATIC COMPOUND; CATION; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND; HEXANE; ORGANIC SOLVENT; PHOSPHORUS DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL BOND; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; REACTION ANALYSIS; SYNTHESIS; X RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY;

EID: 0032796362     PISSN: 14341948     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199901)1999:1<41::aid-ejic41>3.3.co;2-r     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. F. Bernardi, A. Bottoni, A. Venturini, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1988, 163, 173-189. K. K. Baldridge, M. S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4204-4208. A. R. Katritzy, P. Barczynski, G. Musumarra, D. Pisano, M. Szafran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7-15. M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Organometal. Chem. USSR 1990, 3, 545-554. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York 1994. P. v. R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao, B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 337-340; Angew: Chem. 1995, 107, 332-326. L. Nyulászi, P. Várnai, T. Veszprémi, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1995, 358, 55-61. P. v. R. Schleyer, H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 209-218. J. Su, X. - W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, G. H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5471-5472. - A. Sekiguchi, M. Tsukamoto, M. Ichinohe, Science 1997, 275, 60-61.
2. F. Bernardi, A. Bottoni, A. Venturini, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1988, 163, 173-189. K. K. Baldridge, M. S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4204-4208. A. R. Katritzy, P. Barczynski, G. Musumarra, D. Pisano, M. Szafran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7-15. M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Organometal. Chem. USSR 1990, 3, 545-554. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York 1994. P. v. R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao, B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 337-340; Angew: Chem. 1995, 107, 332-326. L. Nyulászi, P. Várnai, T. Veszprémi, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1995, 358, 55-61. P. v. R. Schleyer, H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 209-218. J. Su, X. - W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, G. H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5471-5472. - A. Sekiguchi, M. Tsukamoto, M. Ichinohe, Science 1997, 275, 60-61.
3. F. Bernardi, A. Bottoni, A. Venturini, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1988, 163, 173-189. K. K. Baldridge, M. S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4204-4208. A. R. Katritzy, P. Barczynski, G. Musumarra, D. Pisano, M. Szafran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7-15. M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Organometal. Chem. USSR 1990, 3, 545-554. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York 1994. P. v. R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao, B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 337-340; Angew: Chem. 1995, 107, 332-326. L. Nyulászi, P. Várnai, T. Veszprémi, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1995, 358, 55-61. P. v. R. Schleyer, H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 209-218. J. Su, X. - W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, G. H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5471-5472. - A. Sekiguchi, M. Tsukamoto, M. Ichinohe, Science 1997, 275, 60-61.
4. F. Bernardi, A. Bottoni, A. Venturini, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1988, 163, 173-189. K. K. Baldridge, M. S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4204-4208. A. R. Katritzy, P. Barczynski, G. Musumarra, D. Pisano, M. Szafran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7-15. M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Organometal. Chem. USSR 1990, 3, 545-554. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York 1994. P. v. R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao, B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 337-340; Angew: Chem. 1995, 107, 332-326. L. Nyulászi, P. Várnai, T. Veszprémi, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1995, 358, 55-61. P. v. R. Schleyer, H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 209-218. J. Su, X. - W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, G. H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5471-5472. - A. Sekiguchi, M. Tsukamoto, M. Ichinohe, Science 1997, 275, 60-61.
5. F. Bernardi, A. Bottoni, A. Venturini, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1988, 163, 173-189. K. K. Baldridge, M. S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4204-4208. A. R. Katritzy, P. Barczynski, G. Musumarra, D. Pisano, M. Szafran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7-15. M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Organometal. Chem. USSR 1990, 3, 545-554. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York 1994. P. v. R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao, B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 337-340; Angew: Chem. 1995, 107, 332-326. L. Nyulászi, P. Várnai, T. Veszprémi, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1995, 358, 55-61. P. v. R. Schleyer, H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 209-218. J. Su, X. - W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, G. H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5471-5472. - A. Sekiguchi, M. Tsukamoto, M. Ichinohe, Science 1997, 275, 60-61.
6. F. Bernardi, A. Bottoni, A. Venturini, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1988, 163, 173-189. K. K. Baldridge, M. S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4204-4208. A. R. Katritzy, P. Barczynski, G. Musumarra, D. Pisano, M. Szafran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7-15. M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Organometal. Chem. USSR 1990, 3, 545-554. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York 1994. P. v. R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao, B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 337-340; Angew: Chem. 1995, 107, 332-326. L. Nyulászi, P. Várnai, T. Veszprémi, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1995, 358, 55-61. P. v. R. Schleyer, H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 209-218. J. Su, X. - W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, G. H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5471-5472. - A. Sekiguchi, M. Tsukamoto, M. Ichinohe, Science 1997, 275, 60-61.
7. F. Bernardi, A. Bottoni, A. Venturini, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1988, 163, 173-189. K. K. Baldridge, M. S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4204-4208. A. R. Katritzy, P. Barczynski, G. Musumarra, D. Pisano, M. Szafran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7-15. M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Organometal. Chem. USSR 1990, 3, 545-554. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York 1994. P. v. R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao, B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 337-340; Angew: Chem. 1995, 107, 332-326. L. Nyulászi, P. Várnai, T. Veszprémi, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1995, 358, 55-61. P. v. R. Schleyer, H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 209-218. J. Su, X. - W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, G. H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5471-5472. - A. Sekiguchi, M. Tsukamoto, M. Ichinohe, Science 1997, 275, 60-61.
8. F. Bernardi, A. Bottoni, A. Venturini, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1988, 163, 173-189. K. K. Baldridge, M. S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4204-4208. A. R. Katritzy, P. Barczynski, G. Musumarra, D. Pisano, M. Szafran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7-15. M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Organometal. Chem. USSR 1990, 3, 545-554. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York 1994. P. v. R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao, B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 337-340; Angew: Chem. 1995, 107, 332-326. L. Nyulászi, P. Várnai, T. Veszprémi, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1995, 358, 55-61. P. v. R. Schleyer, H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 209-218. J. Su, X. - W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, G. H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5471-5472. - A. Sekiguchi, M. Tsukamoto, M. Ichinohe, Science 1997, 275, 60-61.
9. F. Bernardi, A. Bottoni, A. Venturini, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1988, 163, 173-189. K. K. Baldridge, M. S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4204-4208. A. R. Katritzy, P. Barczynski, G. Musumarra, D. Pisano, M. Szafran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7-15. M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Organometal. Chem. USSR 1990, 3, 545-554. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York 1994. P. v. R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao, B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 337-340; Angew: Chem. 1995, 107, 332-326. L. Nyulászi, P. Várnai, T. Veszprémi, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1995, 358, 55-61. P. v. R. Schleyer, H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 209-218. J. Su, X. - W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, G. H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5471-5472. - A. Sekiguchi, M. Tsukamoto, M. Ichinohe, Science 1997, 275, 60-61.
10. F. Bernardi, A. Bottoni, A. Venturini, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1988, 163, 173-189. K. K. Baldridge, M. S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4204-4208. A. R. Katritzy, P. Barczynski, G. Musumarra, D. Pisano, M. Szafran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7-15. M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Organometal. Chem. USSR 1990, 3, 545-554. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York 1994. P. v. R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao, B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 337-340; Angew: Chem. 1995, 107, 332-326. L. Nyulászi, P. Várnai, T. Veszprémi, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1995, 358, 55-61. P. v. R. Schleyer, H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 209-218. J. Su, X. - W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, G. H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5471-5472. - A. Sekiguchi, M. Tsukamoto, M. Ichinohe, Science 1997, 275, 60-61.
11. F. Bernardi, A. Bottoni, A. Venturini, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1988, 163, 173-189. K. K. Baldridge, M. S. Gordon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4204-4208. A. R. Katritzy, P. Barczynski, G. Musumarra, D. Pisano, M. Szafran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7-15. M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Organometal. Chem. USSR 1990, 3, 545-554. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev, B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity, Chapter 2, Wiley, New York 1994. P. v. R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao, B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 1995, 34, 337-340; Angew: Chem. 1995, 107, 332-326. L. Nyulászi, P. Várnai, T. Veszprémi, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 1995, 358, 55-61. P. v. R. Schleyer, H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 209-218. J. Su, X. - W. Li, R. C. Crittendon, G. H. Robinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5471-5472. - A. Sekiguchi, M. Tsukamoto, M. Ichinohe, Science 1997, 275, 60-61.
12. A. J. Arduengo, R. L. Harlow, M. Kline, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 361-363.
13. G. Boche, C. Hilf, K. Harms, M. Marsch, J. C. W. Lorenz, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 487-489; Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 509-513.
14. G. Boche, C. Hilf, K. Harms, M. Marsch, J. C. W. Lorenz, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 487-489; Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 509-513.
15. M. K. Denk, A. Thadani, K. Hatano, A. J. Lough, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2607-2609; Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2719-2721.
16. M. K. Denk, A. Thadani, K. Hatano, A. J. Lough, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2607-2609; Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2719-2721.
17. M. Denk, R. Lennon, R. Hayashi, R. West, A. V. Belyakov, H. P. Verne, A. Haaland, M. Wagner, N. Metzler, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2691-2692.
18. M. Denk, R. K. Hayashi, R. West, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 33-34.
19. M. Denk, J. Green, N. Metzler, M. Wagner, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, 2405-2410.
20. N. Metzler, M. Denk, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2657-2658.
21. S. Urquhart, A. P. Hitchcock, J. Lehman, M. K. Denk, Organometallics 1998, 17, 2352-2360.
22. 2E disorder see: J. Behm, Ph. D. Dissertation, Technische Universität München, 1992.
23. 2E disorder see: J. Behm, Ph. D. Dissertation, Technische Universität München, 1992.
24. 2E disorder see: J. Behm, Ph. D. Dissertation, Technische Universität München, 1992.
25. G. Boche, P. Andrews, K. Harms, M. Marsch, K. S. Rangappa, M. Schimeczek, C. Willeke, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4925-4930.
26. B. Wrackmeyer, J. Schiller, Z. Naturforsch. 1992, 47b, 662-667.
27. R. B. King, P. M. Sundaram, J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 1784.
28. A. M. Kibardin, I. A. Litvinov, V. A. Naumov, Yu. T. Struchkov, T. V. Gryaznova, Yu. B. Mikhailov, A. N. Pudovnik, Dokl. Akad Nauk SSSR 1994, 312, 623-625.
29. A. M. Kibardin, I. A. Litvinov, V. A. Naumov, Yu. T. Struchkov, T. V. Griaznova, J. B. Michailov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 1988, 298, 369-373.
30. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburn, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, J. F. Richardson, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon 1994, 93/94, 301-304. N. Burford, T. M. Parks, G. Wu, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon 1994, 93/94, 397-398. N. Burford, C. L. B. Macdonald, T. M. Parks, G. Wu, B. Borecka, W. Kwiatkowski, T. S. Cameron, Can. J. Chem. 1996, 74, 2209-2216.
31. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburn, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, J. F. Richardson, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon 1994, 93/94, 301-304. N. Burford, T. M. Parks, G. Wu, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon 1994, 93/94, 397-398. N. Burford, C. L. B. Macdonald, T. M. Parks, G. Wu, B. Borecka, W. Kwiatkowski, T. S. Cameron, Can. J. Chem. 1996, 74, 2209-2216.
32. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburn, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, J. F. Richardson, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon 1994, 93/94, 301-304. N. Burford, T. M. Parks, G. Wu, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon 1994, 93/94, 397-398. N. Burford, C. L. B. Macdonald, T. M. Parks, G. Wu, B. Borecka, W. Kwiatkowski, T. S. Cameron, Can. J. Chem. 1996, 74, 2209-2216.
33. - has been suggested as a possible intermediate in the photolytic decomposition of the tetraphenylborate anion: J. J. Eisch, K. Tamao, R. J. Wilcsek, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 895-897. J. J. Eisch, B. Shafi, M. P. Boleslawski, Pure & Appl. Chem. 1991, 63, 365-368. Note added in proof. The anionic group(III) diazoles of type A and B have been investigated by ab initio methods, A. Sundermann, M. Reiher, W. W. Schoeller, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1998, 305-310. - For efforts directed towards the synthesis of stable dicoordinate gallium derivatives see: A. H. Cowley, D. S. Brown, A. Decken, S. Kamepalli, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2425-2426.
34. - has been suggested as a possible intermediate in the photolytic decomposition of the tetraphenylborate anion: J. J. Eisch, K. Tamao, R. J. Wilcsek, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 895-897. J. J. Eisch, B. Shafi, M. P. Boleslawski, Pure & Appl. Chem. 1991, 63, 365-368. Note added in proof. The anionic group(III) diazoles of type A and B have been investigated by ab initio methods, A. Sundermann, M. Reiher, W. W. Schoeller, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1998, 305-310. - For efforts directed towards the synthesis of stable dicoordinate gallium derivatives see: A. H. Cowley, D. S. Brown, A. Decken, S. Kamepalli, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2425-2426.
35. - has been suggested as a possible intermediate in the photolytic decomposition of the tetraphenylborate anion: J. J. Eisch, K. Tamao, R. J. Wilcsek, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 895-897. J. J. Eisch, B. Shafi, M. P. Boleslawski, Pure & Appl. Chem. 1991, 63, 365-368. Note added in proof. The anionic group(III) diazoles of type A and B have been investigated by ab initio methods, A. Sundermann, M. Reiher, W. W. Schoeller, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1998, 305-310. - For efforts directed towards the synthesis of stable dicoordinate gallium derivatives see: A. H. Cowley, D. S. Brown, A. Decken, S. Kamepalli, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2425-2426.
36. - has been suggested as a possible intermediate in the photolytic decomposition of the tetraphenylborate anion: J. J. Eisch, K. Tamao, R. J. Wilcsek, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 895-897. J. J. Eisch, B. Shafi, M. P. Boleslawski, Pure & Appl. Chem. 1991, 63, 365-368. Note added in proof. The anionic group(III) diazoles of type A and B have been investigated by ab initio methods, A. Sundermann, M. Reiher, W. W. Schoeller, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1998, 305-310. - For efforts directed towards the synthesis of stable dicoordinate gallium derivatives see: A. H. Cowley, D. S. Brown, A. Decken, S. Kamepalli, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 2425-2426.
37. C. Heinemann, T. Müller, Y. Apeloig, H. Schwarz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2023-2038. L. Nyulászi, T. Karpati, T. Veszprémi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7239-7242. C. Boehme, G. Frenking, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2039-2046.
38. C. Heinemann, T. Müller, Y. Apeloig, H. Schwarz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2023-2038. L. Nyulászi, T. Karpati, T. Veszprémi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7239-7242. C. Boehme, G. Frenking, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2039-2046.
39. C. Heinemann, T. Müller, Y. Apeloig, H. Schwarz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2023-2038. L. Nyulászi, T. Karpati, T. Veszprémi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7239-7242. C. Boehme, G. Frenking, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2039-2046.
40. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
41. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
42. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
43. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
44. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
45. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
46. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
47. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
48. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
49. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
50. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
51. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
52. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
53. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
54. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
55. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
56. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
57. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
58. For general publications on phosphenium cations see: I. Kawada, R. Allmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1968, 7, 69-70; Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 40-41. S. Fleming, M. K. Lupton, K. Jekot, Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 2534-2540. M. G. Thomas, C. W. Schultz, R. W. Parry, Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 994-1001. A. H. Cowley, M. C. Cushner, J. S. Szobota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7784-7786. L. D. Hutchinson, E. N. Duesler, R. T. Paine, Organometallics 1982, 1, 1254-1256. A. Cowley, R. A. Kemp, Chem. Rev. 1985, 85, 367-382. M. Sanchez, M. -R. Mazieres, R. Bartsch, R. Wolf. J. -P. Majoral, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1987, 30, 487-490. R. Bartsch, M. Sanchez, R. Wolf, Phosphorus and Sulfur 1988, 35, 89-92. A. Schmidpeter, M. Thiele, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 333-335. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8829-8830. N. Burford, P. Losier, K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1993, 201-202. N. Burford, P. Losier, C. Macdonald, V. Kyrimis, P. K. Bakshi, T. S. Cameron, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1434-1439. N. Burford, P. Losier, S. V. Sereda, T. S. Cameron, G. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6474-6475. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, J. Manning, R. Mathur, R. Bau, C. A. Reed, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 485-485. N. Burford, J. A. C. Clyburne, P. Losier, T. M. Parks, T. S. Cameron, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and related Elements 1994, 93, 301-304. T. Kaukorat, I. Neda, R. Schmutzler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 53-107. R. W. Reed, Z. W. Xie, C. A. Reed Organometallics 1995, 14, 5002-5004. A. Schmidpeter in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (eds. A. Katritzky, C. Rees, E. Scriven), Vol. 4, Pergamon, 1996, 711-818.
59. M. K. Denk, S. Gupta, R. Ramachandran. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 9025-9028.
60. C. J. Carmalt, V. Lomeli, B. G. McBurnett, A. H. Cowley, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997, 2095-2096.
61. D. Gudat, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1998, 1087-1094.
62. J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1976, 15, 111-112; Angew. Chem. 1976, 88, 91-92. P. Friedrich, G. Huttner, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1978, 111, 1558-1563. J. H. Weinmaier, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 1979, 91, 442-443; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1979, 18, 412-413. J. H. Weinmaier, G. Brunnhuber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1980, 113, 2278-2290. K. Karaghiosoff, J.-P. Majoral, A. Meriem, J. Navech, A. Schmidpeter, Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 2137-2140. K. Karaghiosoff, W. S. Sheldrick, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 3213-3226.
63. J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1976, 15, 111-112; Angew. Chem. 1976, 88, 91-92. P. Friedrich, G. Huttner, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1978, 111, 1558-1563. J. H. Weinmaier, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 1979, 91, 442-443; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1979, 18, 412-413. J. H. Weinmaier, G. Brunnhuber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1980, 113, 2278-2290. K. Karaghiosoff, J.-P. Majoral, A. Meriem, J. Navech, A. Schmidpeter, Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 2137-2140. K. Karaghiosoff, W. S. Sheldrick, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 3213-3226.
64. J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1976, 15, 111-112; Angew. Chem. 1976, 88, 91-92. P. Friedrich, G. Huttner, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1978, 111, 1558-1563. J. H. Weinmaier, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 1979, 91, 442-443; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1979, 18, 412-413. J. H. Weinmaier, G. Brunnhuber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1980, 113, 2278-2290. K. Karaghiosoff, J.-P. Majoral, A. Meriem, J. Navech, A. Schmidpeter, Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 2137-2140. K. Karaghiosoff, W. S. Sheldrick, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 3213-3226.
65. J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1976, 15, 111-112; Angew. Chem. 1976, 88, 91-92. P. Friedrich, G. Huttner, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1978, 111, 1558-1563. J. H. Weinmaier, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 1979, 91, 442-443; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1979, 18, 412-413. J. H. Weinmaier, G. Brunnhuber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1980, 113, 2278-2290. K. Karaghiosoff, J.-P. Majoral, A. Meriem, J. Navech, A. Schmidpeter, Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 2137-2140. K. Karaghiosoff, W. S. Sheldrick, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 3213-3226.
66. J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1976, 15, 111-112; Angew. Chem. 1976, 88, 91-92. P. Friedrich, G. Huttner, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1978, 111, 1558-1563. J. H. Weinmaier, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 1979, 91, 442-443; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1979, 18, 412-413. J. H. Weinmaier, G. Brunnhuber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1980, 113, 2278-2290. K. Karaghiosoff, J.-P. Majoral, A. Meriem, J. Navech, A. Schmidpeter, Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 2137-2140. K. Karaghiosoff, W. S. Sheldrick, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 3213-3226.
67. J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1976, 15, 111-112; Angew. Chem. 1976, 88, 91-92. P. Friedrich, G. Huttner, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1978, 111, 1558-1563. J. H. Weinmaier, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 1979, 91, 442-443; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1979, 18, 412-413. J. H. Weinmaier, G. Brunnhuber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1980, 113, 2278-2290. K. Karaghiosoff, J.-P. Majoral, A. Meriem, J. Navech, A. Schmidpeter, Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 2137-2140. K. Karaghiosoff, W. S. Sheldrick, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 3213-3226.
68. J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1976, 15, 111-112; Angew. Chem. 1976, 88, 91-92. P. Friedrich, G. Huttner, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1978, 111, 1558-1563. J. H. Weinmaier, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 1979, 91, 442-443; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1979, 18, 412-413. J. H. Weinmaier, G. Brunnhuber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1980, 113, 2278-2290. K. Karaghiosoff, J.-P. Majoral, A. Meriem, J. Navech, A. Schmidpeter, Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 2137-2140. K. Karaghiosoff, W. S. Sheldrick, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 3213-3226.
69. J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Angew. Chem Int. Ed. Engl. 1976, 15, 111-112; Angew. Chem. 1976, 88, 91-92. P. Friedrich, G. Huttner, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1978, 111, 1558-1563. J. H. Weinmaier, J. Luber, A. Schmidpeter, S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 1979, 91, 442-443; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1979, 18, 412-413. J. H. Weinmaier, G. Brunnhuber, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1980, 113, 2278-2290. K. Karaghiosoff, J.-P. Majoral, A. Meriem, J. Navech, A. Schmidpeter, Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 2137-2140. K. Karaghiosoff, W. S. Sheldrick, A. Schmidpeter, Chem. Ber. 1986, 119, 3213-3226.
70. D. Carmichael, L. Ricard, F. Mathey, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1167-1168. F. Mathey, Phosphorus Sulfur and Silicon and the related elements 1994, 87, 139-148. F. Mathey, J. Organomet. Chem. 1994, 25-30. - H. J. Gosink, F. Nief, L. Ricard, F. Mathey, Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 1306-1307.
71. D. Carmichael, L. Ricard, F. Mathey, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1167-1168. F. Mathey, Phosphorus Sulfur and Silicon and the related elements 1994, 87, 139-148. F. Mathey, J. Organomet. Chem. 1994, 25-30. - H. J. Gosink, F. Nief, L. Ricard, F. Mathey, Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 1306-1307.
72. D. Carmichael, L. Ricard, F. Mathey, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1167-1168. F. Mathey, Phosphorus Sulfur and Silicon and the related elements 1994, 87, 139-148. F. Mathey, J. Organomet. Chem. 1994, 25-30. - H. J. Gosink, F. Nief, L. Ricard, F. Mathey, Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 1306-1307.
73. D. Carmichael, L. Ricard, F. Mathey, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1167-1168. F. Mathey, Phosphorus Sulfur and Silicon and the related elements 1994, 87, 139-148. F. Mathey, J. Organomet. Chem. 1994, 25-30. - H. J. Gosink, F. Nief, L. Ricard, F. Mathey, Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 1306-1307.
74. N. Burford, J. Clyburn, personal communication, 1995.
75. R. Fernádez-Galan, B. R. Manzano, A. Otero, M. Lanfranchi, M. A. Pelinghelli, Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 2309-2312.
76. -3. Data were collected on a
77. G. M. Sheldrick, Acta Crystallogr. 1990, A46, 467-473.
78. Bruker Analytial X-ray Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1998.
79. J. Emsley, The Elements, 2nd edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991.
80. 2, K. W. Muir, J. F. Nixon, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1971, 1405-1406.
81. R. R. Sauers, Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 2357-2364.
82. A. Schmidpeter, K. Karaghiosoff, in: CRC Handbook of Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data (John C. Tebby, ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1991.
83. For ring current theories in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance see: C. W. Haigh, R. B. Mallion, Prog. NMR Spectroscopy, 1980, 13, 103-344.
84. For reviews on weakly coordinating unions see: W. Beck, K. Sünkel, Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 1405-1416. T. J. Marks, Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25. 57. S. H. Strauss, Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 927-942. D. M. van Seggen, P. K. Hurlburt, O. P. Anderson, S. H. Strauss, Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 3453.
85. For reviews on weakly coordinating unions see: W. Beck, K. Sünkel, Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 1405-1416. T. J. Marks, Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25. 57. S. H. Strauss, Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 927-942. D. M. van Seggen, P. K. Hurlburt, O. P. Anderson, S. H. Strauss, Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 3453.
86. For reviews on weakly coordinating unions see: W. Beck, K. Sünkel, Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 1405-1416. T. J. Marks, Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25. 57. S. H. Strauss, Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 927-942. D. M. van Seggen, P. K. Hurlburt, O. P. Anderson, S. H. Strauss, Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 3453.
87. For reviews on weakly coordinating unions see: W. Beck, K. Sünkel, Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 1405-1416. T. J. Marks, Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25. 57. S. H. Strauss, Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 927-942. D. M. van Seggen, P. K. Hurlburt, O. P. Anderson, S. H. Strauss, Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 3453.
88. M. K. Denk, unpublished results.
89. E. Lustig, E. P. Ragelis, N. Duy, J. A. Ferretti, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3953-3959, R. A. Hoffmann, S. Forsén, in: NMR, Basic Principles and Progress 1971, 5, 1-165 (Eds.: P. Diehl, E. Fluck, R. Kosfeld).
90. E. Lustig, E. P. Ragelis, N. Duy, J. A. Ferretti, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3953-3959, R. A. Hoffmann, S. Forsén, in: NMR, Basic Principles and Progress 1971, 5, 1-165 (Eds.: P. Diehl, E. Fluck, R. Kosfeld).
91. Cerius2™ 2.0 was developed by Molecular Simulations Inc. (see also http://www.msi.com).
92. Gaussian 94, Revision D.4, M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, P. M. W. Gill, B. G. Johnson, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, T. Keith, G. A. Petersson, J. A. Montgomery, K. Raghavachari, M. A. Al-Laham, V. G. Zakrzewski, J. V. Ortiz, J. B. Foresman, J. Cioslowski, B. B. Stefanov, A. Nanayakkara, M. Challacombe, C. Y. Peng, P. Y. Ayala, W. Chen, M. W. J. Wong, L. Andres, E. S. Replogle, R. Gomperts, R. L. Martin, D. J. Fox, J. S. Binkley, D. J. Defrees, J. Baker, J. P. Stewart, M. Head-Gordon, C. Gonzalez, J. A. Pople, Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, 1995. Website: http://www.gaussian.com.
93. W. J. Hehre, C. Radom, P. v. R. Schleyer, J. A. Pople. Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Theory, Wiley, New York, 1986.
94. -1.
95. 2-1OH) = e - f. [30] Crystallographic data (excluding structure factors) for the structures of 1-4 have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre as supplementary publication no. CCDC-101272. Copies of the data can be obtained free of charge on applications to the Director, CCDC, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK [fax: Int. Code +44 (1223) 336-033. E-mail: deposit@chemcrys.cam.ac.uk].