메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 778-790

Molecular analysis of the role of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPEA) in invasive soft-tissue infection resulting from Streptococcus pyogenes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL TOXIN; EXOTOXIN; HLA DQ ANTIGEN;

EID: 0032791352     PISSN: 0950382X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01525.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (41)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0032145096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of the role of the group A streptococcal cysteine protease, hyaluronic acid capsule, and M protein in a murine model of human invasive soft-tissue infection
    • Ashbaugh, C.D., Warren, H.B., Carey, V.J., and Wessels, M.R. (1998) Molecular analysis of the role of the group A streptococcal cysteine protease, hyaluronic acid capsule, and M protein in a murine model of human invasive soft-tissue infection. J Clin Invest 102: 550-560.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.102 , pp. 550-560
    • Ashbaugh, C.D.1    Warren, H.B.2    Carey, V.J.3    Wessels, M.R.4
  • 3
    • 0025751633 scopus 로고
    • Genetic manipulation of pathogenic streptococci
    • Caparon, M.G., and Scott, J.R. (1991) Genetic manipulation of pathogenic streptococci. Methods Enzymol 204: 556-586.
    • (1991) Methods Enzymol , vol.204 , pp. 556-586
    • Caparon, M.G.1    Scott, J.R.2
  • 4
    • 0029976625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and phenotypic diversity among isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes from invasive infections
    • Chaussee, M.S., Liu, J., Stevens, D.L., and Ferretti, J.J. (1996) Genetic and phenotypic diversity among isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes from invasive infections. J Infect Dis 173: 901-908.
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.173 , pp. 901-908
    • Chaussee, M.S.1    Liu, J.2    Stevens, D.L.3    Ferretti, J.J.4
  • 5
    • 0028032641 scopus 로고
    • Necrotising fasciitis due to group A streptococci in Western Norway: Incidence and clinical findings
    • Chelsom, J., Halstensen, A., Haga, T., and Hoiby, E.A. (1994) Necrotising fasciitis due to group A streptococci in Western Norway: incidence and clinical findings. Lancet 344: 1111-1115.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1111-1115
    • Chelsom, J.1    Halstensen, A.2    Haga, T.3    Hoiby, E.A.4
  • 6
    • 0026567343 scopus 로고
    • Clonal basis for resurgence of serious Streptococcus pyogenes disease in the 1980s
    • Cleary, P.P., Kaplan, E.L., Handley, J.P., Wlazlo, A., Kim, M.H., Hauser, A.R., et al. (1992) Clonal basis for resurgence of serious Streptococcus pyogenes disease in the 1980s. Lancet 339: 518-521.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 518-521
    • Cleary, P.P.1    Kaplan, E.L.2    Handley, J.P.3    Wlazlo, A.4    Kim, M.H.5    Hauser, A.R.6
  • 7
    • 0031899956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-frequency intracellular infection and erythrogenic toxin A expression undergo phase variation in M1 group A streptococci
    • Cleary, P.P., McLandsborough, L., Ikeda, L., Cue, D., Krawczak, J., and Lam, H. (1998) High-frequency intracellular infection and erythrogenic toxin A expression undergo phase variation in M1 group A streptococci. Mol Microbiol 28: 157-167.
    • (1998) Mol Microbiol , vol.28 , pp. 157-167
    • Cleary, P.P.1    McLandsborough, L.2    Ikeda, L.3    Cue, D.4    Krawczak, J.5    Lam, H.6
  • 8
    • 17344363830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular, serological, and clinical features of 16 consecutive cases of invasive streptococcal disease
    • Cockerill, F.R., Thompson, R.L., Musser, J.M., et al. (1998) Molecular, serological, and clinical features of 16 consecutive cases of invasive streptococcal disease. Clin Infect Dis 26: 1448-1458.
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.26 , pp. 1448-1458
    • Cockerill, F.R.1    Thompson, R.L.2    Musser, J.M.3
  • 9
    • 0023219580 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and bacteriologic observations of a toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Cone, L.A., Woodard, D.R., Schlievert, P.M., and Tomory, G.S.L. (1987) Clinical and bacteriologic observations of a toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes. N Engl J Med 317: 146-149.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 146-149
    • Cone, L.A.1    Woodard, D.R.2    Schlievert, P.M.3    Tomory, G.S.L.4
  • 10
    • 0029778918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada
    • Davies, H.D., McGeer, A., Schwartz, B., Green, K., Cann, D., Simor, A.E., and the Ontario Group A Streptococcal Study Group (1996) Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada. N Engl J Med 335: 547-554.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 547-554
    • Davies, H.D.1    McGeer, A.2    Schwartz, B.3    Green, K.4    Cann, D.5    Simor, A.E.6
  • 11
    • 0031780308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of acute inflammation in vivo by staphylococcal superantigens I: Leukocyte recruitment occurs independently of T lymphocytes and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules
    • Diener, K., Tessier, P., Fraser, J., Kontgen, F., and McColl, S.R. (1998) Induction of acute inflammation in vivo by staphylococcal superantigens I: leukocyte recruitment occurs independently of T lymphocytes and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Lab Invest 78: 647-565.
    • (1998) Lab Invest , vol.78 , pp. 647-1565
    • Diener, K.1    Tessier, P.2    Fraser, J.3    Kontgen, F.4    McColl, S.R.5
  • 12
    • 0027215479 scopus 로고
    • Superantigens associated with staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome are potent inducers of tumor necrosis factor-β synthesis
    • Hackett, S.P., and Stevens, D.L. (1993) Superantigens associated with staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome are potent inducers of tumor necrosis factor-β synthesis. J Infect Dis 168: 232-235.
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.168 , pp. 232-235
    • Hackett, S.P.1    Stevens, D.L.2
  • 13
    • 0025894808 scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of pyrogenic exotoxins from Streptococcus pyogenes isolates associated with toxic-shock-like syndrome
    • Hauser, A.R., Stevens, D.L., Kaplan, E.L., and Schlievert, P.M. (1991) Molecular analysis of pyrogenic exotoxins from Streptococcus pyogenes isolates associated with toxic-shock-like syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 29: 1562-1567.
    • (1991) J Clin Microbiol , vol.29 , pp. 1562-1567
    • Hauser, A.R.1    Stevens, D.L.2    Kaplan, E.L.3    Schlievert, P.M.4
  • 14
    • 0030909888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of putative virulence factors of Streptococcus pyogenes in mouse models of long-term throat colonization and pneumonia
    • Husmann, L.K., Yung, D.-L., Hollinshead, S.K., and Scott, J.R. (1997) Role of putative virulence factors of Streptococcus pyogenes in mouse models of long-term throat colonization and pneumonia. Infect Immun 65: 1422-1430.
    • (1997) Infect Immun , vol.65 , pp. 1422-1430
    • Husmann, L.K.1    Yung, D.-L.2    Hollinshead, S.K.3    Scott, J.R.4
  • 15
    • 0025740048 scopus 로고
    • New aspects of Streptococcus pyogenes pathogenicity
    • Kehoe, M.A. (1991) New aspects of Streptococcus pyogenes pathogenicity. Rev Med Microbiol 2: 147-152.
    • (1991) Rev Med Microbiol , vol.2 , pp. 147-152
    • Kehoe, M.A.1
  • 16
    • 0023797185 scopus 로고
    • Tissue cages for study of experimental streptococcal infection in rabbits III. Influence of immunization with erythrogenic toxin type A (ETA) and its toxoid on subsequent infection with an ETA producing strain
    • Knoll, H., Holm, S.E., Gerlach, D., Ozegowski, J.H., and Kohler, W. (1988) Tissue cages for study of experimental streptococcal infection in rabbits III. Influence of immunization with erythrogenic toxin type A (ETA) and its toxoid on subsequent infection with an ETA producing strain. Zentralb Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A 269: 366-376.
    • (1988) Zentralb Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A , vol.269 , pp. 366-376
    • Knoll, H.1    Holm, S.E.2    Gerlach, D.3    Ozegowski, J.H.4    Kohler, W.5
  • 17
    • 0026782639 scopus 로고
    • Molecular, genetic, and functional analysis of the basic replicon of pVA380-1, a plasmid of oral streptococcal origin
    • LeBlanc, D.J., Lee, L.N., and Abu-Al-Jaibat, A. (1992) Molecular, genetic, and functional analysis of the basic replicon of pVA380-1, a plasmid of oral streptococcal origin. Plasmid 28: 130-145.
    • (1992) Plasmid , vol.28 , pp. 130-145
    • LeBlanc, D.J.1    Lee, L.N.2    Abu-Al-Jaibat, A.3
  • 18
    • 0024309617 scopus 로고
    • Quantification and toxicity of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins in an animal model of toxic shock syndrome-like illness
    • Lee, P.K., and Schlievert, P.M. (1989) Quantification and toxicity of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins in an animal model of toxic shock syndrome-like illness. J Clin Microbiol 27: 1890-1892.
    • (1989) J Clin Microbiol , vol.27 , pp. 1890-1892
    • Lee, P.K.1    Schlievert, P.M.2
  • 19
    • 0031824698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of stabilized virulence factor-negative variants by group A streptococci during stationary phase
    • Leonard, B.A.B., Woischnik, M., and Podbielski, A. (1998) Production of stabilized virulence factor-negative variants by group A streptococci during stationary phase. Infect Immun 66: 3841-3847.
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 3841-3847
    • Leonard, B.A.B.1    Woischnik, M.2    Podbielski, A.3
  • 20
    • 0031669931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of csrR/csrS, a genetic locus that regulates hyaluronic acid capsule synthesis in group A streptococcus
    • Levin, J.C., and Wessels, M.R. (1998) Identification of csrR/csrS, a genetic locus that regulates hyaluronic acid capsule synthesis in group A streptococcus. Mol Microbiol 30: 209-219.
    • (1998) Mol Microbiol , vol.30 , pp. 209-219
    • Levin, J.C.1    Wessels, M.R.2
  • 21
    • 0031822031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gene for toxic shock toxin is carried by a family of mobile pathogenicity islands in Staphylococcus aureus
    • Lindsay, J.A., Ruzin, A., Ross, H.F., Kurepina, N., and Novick, R. P. (1998) The gene for toxic shock toxin is carried by a family of mobile pathogenicity islands in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 29: 527-543.
    • (1998) Mol Microbiol , vol.29 , pp. 527-543
    • Lindsay, J.A.1    Ruzin, A.2    Ross, H.F.3    Kurepina, N.4    Novick, R.P.5
  • 22
    • 0030960001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of Streptococcus pyogenes extracellular cysteine protease significantly decreases mouse lethality of serotype M3 and M49 strains
    • Lukomski, S., Sreevatsan, S., Amberg, C., Reichardt, W., Woischnik, M., Podbielski, A., et al. (1997) Inactivation of Streptococcus pyogenes extracellular cysteine protease significantly decreases mouse lethality of serotype M3 and M49 strains. J Clin Invest 99: 2574-2580.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.99 , pp. 2574-2580
    • Lukomski, S.1    Sreevatsan, S.2    Amberg, C.3    Reichardt, W.4    Woischnik, M.5    Podbielski, A.6
  • 23
    • 0030753825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of mga in growth phase regulation of virulence genes of the group A streptococcus
    • McIver, K.S., and Scott, J.R. (1997) Role of mga in growth phase regulation of virulence genes of the group A streptococcus. J Bacteriol 179: 5178-5187.
    • (1997) J Bacteriol , vol.179 , pp. 5178-5187
    • McIver, K.S.1    Scott, J.R.2
  • 24
    • 0031015544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteriophage T12 of Streptococcus pyogenes integrates into the gene encoding a serine tRNA
    • McShan, W.M., Tang, Y.-F., and Ferretti, J.J. (1997) Bacteriophage T12 of Streptococcus pyogenes integrates into the gene encoding a serine tRNA. Mol Microbiol 23: 719-728.
    • (1997) Mol Microbiol , vol.23 , pp. 719-728
    • McShan, W.M.1    Tang, Y.-F.2    Ferretti, J.J.3
  • 25
    • 0025367679 scopus 로고
    • The staphylococcal enterotoxins and their relatives
    • Marrack, P., and Kappler, J. (1990) The staphylococcal enterotoxins and their relatives. Science 248: 705-711.
    • (1990) Science , vol.248 , pp. 705-711
    • Marrack, P.1    Kappler, J.2
  • 26
    • 0009590820 scopus 로고
    • Effect of anti-TNF-α treatment in an antibiotic treated murine model of infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Martin, R.A., Silva, A.T., and Cohen, J. (1992) Effect of anti-TNF-α treatment in an antibiotic treated murine model of infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 79: 313-322.
    • (1992) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.79 , pp. 313-322
    • Martin, R.A.1    Silva, A.T.2    Cohen, J.3
  • 27
    • 0027208757 scopus 로고
    • A novel superantigen isolated from pathogenic strains of Streptococcus pyogenes with aminoterminal homology to staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C
    • Mollick, J.A., Miller, G.G., Musser, J.M., Cook, R.G., Grossman, D., and Rich, R.R. (1993) A novel superantigen isolated from pathogenic strains of Streptococcus pyogenes with aminoterminal homology to staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C. J Clin Invest 92: 710-719.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.92 , pp. 710-719
    • Mollick, J.A.1    Miller, G.G.2    Musser, J.M.3    Cook, R.G.4    Grossman, D.5    Rich, R.R.6
  • 28
    • 0025790953 scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pyogenes causing toxic-shock-like syndrome and other invasive diseases; clonal diversity and pyrogenic exotoxin expression
    • Musser, J.M., Hauser, A.R., Kim, M.H., Schlievert, P.M., Nelson, K., and Selander, R.K. (1991) Streptococcus pyogenes causing toxic-shock-like syndrome and other invasive diseases; clonal diversity and pyrogenic exotoxin expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 2668-2672.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 2668-2672
    • Musser, J.M.1    Hauser, A.R.2    Kim, M.H.3    Schlievert, P.M.4    Nelson, K.5    Selander, R.K.6
  • 29
    • 0028951369 scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity and relationships among Streptococcus pyogenes strains expressing sero-type M1 protein: Recent intercontinental spread of a sub-clone causing episodes of invasive disease
    • Musser, J.M., Kapur, V., Szeto, J., Pan, X., Swanson, D.S., and Martin, D.R. (1995) Genetic diversity and relationships among Streptococcus pyogenes strains expressing sero-type M1 protein: recent intercontinental spread of a sub-clone causing episodes of invasive disease. Infect Immun 63: 994-1003.
    • (1995) Infect Immun , vol.63 , pp. 994-1003
    • Musser, J.M.1    Kapur, V.2    Szeto, J.3    Pan, X.4    Swanson, D.S.5    Martin, D.R.6
  • 30
    • 0031568414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of acute inflammatory lung injury by staphylococcal enterotoxin B
    • Neumann, B., Engelhardt, B., Wagner, H., and Holzmann, B. (1997) Induction of acute inflammatory lung injury by staphylococcal enterotoxin B. J Immunol 158: 1862-1871.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 1862-1871
    • Neumann, B.1    Engelhardt, B.2    Wagner, H.3    Holzmann, B.4
  • 31
    • 0023626652 scopus 로고
    • In vivo Streptococcus pyogenes C5a peptidase activity: Analysis using transposon- and nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants
    • O'Connor, S.P., and Cleary, P.P. (1987) In vivo Streptococcus pyogenes C5a peptidase activity: analysis using transposon- and nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants. J Infect Dis 156: 495-503.
    • (1987) J Infect Dis , vol.156 , pp. 495-503
    • O'Connor, S.P.1    Cleary, P.P.2
  • 32
    • 0028861517 scopus 로고
    • The group A streptococcal virR49 gene controls expression of four structural vir regulon genes
    • Podbielski, A., Flosdorff, A., and Weber-Heynemann, J. (1995) The group A streptococcal virR49 gene controls expression of four structural vir regulon genes. Infect Immun 63: 9-20.
    • (1995) Infect Immun , vol.63 , pp. 9-20
    • Podbielski, A.1    Flosdorff, A.2    Weber-Heynemann, J.3
  • 33
    • 0033521608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of novel superantigens from Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Proft, T., Moffatt, S.L., Berkahn, C.J., and Fraser, J.D. (1999) Identification and characterization of novel superantigens from Streptococcus pyogenes. J Exp Med 189: 89-101.
    • (1999) J Exp Med , vol.189 , pp. 89-101
    • Proft, T.1    Moffatt, S.L.2    Berkahn, C.J.3    Fraser, J.D.4
  • 34
    • 0030987744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of toxicity of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A mutants
    • Roggiani, M., Stoehr, J.A., Leonard, B.A.B., and Schlievert, P.M. (1997) Analysis of toxicity of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A mutants. Infect Immun 65: 2868-2875.
    • (1997) Infect Immun , vol.65 , pp. 2868-2875
    • Roggiani, M.1    Stoehr, J.A.2    Leonard, B.A.B.3    Schlievert, P.M.4
  • 35
    • 0029957927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyaluronic acid capsule and the role of streptococcal entry into keratinocytes in invasive skin infection
    • Schrager, H.M., Rheinwald, J.G., and Wessels, M.R. (1996) Hyaluronic acid capsule and the role of streptococcal entry into keratinocytes in invasive skin infection. J Clin Invest 98: 1954-1958.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , pp. 1954-1958
    • Schrager, H.M.1    Rheinwald, J.G.2    Wessels, M.R.3
  • 36
    • 0025190287 scopus 로고
    • Coregulation of type 12 M protein and streptococcal C5a peptidase genes in group A streptococci: Evidence for a virulence regulon controlled by the virR locus
    • Simpson, W.J., LaPenta, D., Chen, C., and Cleary, P.P. (1990) Coregulation of type 12 M protein and streptococcal C5a peptidase genes in group A streptococci: evidence for a virulence regulon controlled by the virR locus. J Bacteriol 172: 696-700.
    • (1990) J Bacteriol , vol.172 , pp. 696-700
    • Simpson, W.J.1    LaPenta, D.2    Chen, C.3    Cleary, P.P.4
  • 37
    • 0029985487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial superantigen-induced human lymphocyte responses are nitric oxide-dependent and mediated by IL-12 and IFN-gamma
    • Sriskandan, S., Evans, T.J., and Cohen, J. (1996a) Bacterial superantigen-induced human lymphocyte responses are nitric oxide-dependent and mediated by IL-12 and IFN-gamma. J Immunol 156: 2430-2435.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 2430-2435
    • Sriskandan, S.1    Evans, T.J.2    Cohen, J.3
  • 38
    • 0029827703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPEA) release, distribution and role in a murine model of fasciitis and multi-organ failure due to Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Sriskandan, S., Moyes, D., Buttery, L.K., Krausz, T., Evans, T.J., Polak, J., et al. (1996b) Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPEA) release, distribution and role in a murine model of fasciitis and multi-organ failure due to Streptococcus pyogenes. J Infect Dis 173: 1399-1407.
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.173 , pp. 1399-1407
    • Sriskandan, S.1    Moyes, D.2    Buttery, L.K.3    Krausz, T.4    Evans, T.J.5    Polak, J.6
  • 39
    • 0026580187 scopus 로고
    • Invasive group A streptococcal infections
    • Stevens, D.L. (1992) Invasive group A streptococcal infections. Clin Infect Dis 14: 2-13.
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 2-13
    • Stevens, D.L.1
  • 40
    • 0024340460 scopus 로고
    • Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A
    • Stevens, D.L., Tanner, M.H., Winship, J., Swarts, R., Ries, K.M., Schlievert, P.M., et al. (1989) Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A. N Engl J Med 321: 1-7.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.321 , pp. 1-7
    • Stevens, D.L.1    Tanner, M.H.2    Winship, J.3    Swarts, R.4    Ries, K.M.5    Schlievert, P.M.6
  • 41
    • 0032145404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of acute inflammation in vivo by staphylococcal superantigens. II. Critical role for chemokines, ICAM-1, and TNF-α
    • Tessier, P.A., Naccache, P.H., Diener, K.R., Gladue, R.P., Neote, K.S., Clark-Lewis, I., et al. (1998) Induction of acute inflammation in vivo by staphylococcal superantigens. II. Critical role for chemokines, ICAM-1, and TNF-α. J Immunol 161: 1204-1211.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 1204-1211
    • Tessier, P.A.1    Naccache, P.H.2    Diener, K.R.3    Gladue, R.P.4    Neote, K.S.5    Clark-Lewis, I.6
  • 42
    • 0018070935 scopus 로고
    • Toxic shock syndrome associated with phage-group 1 staphylococci
    • Todd, J., Fishaut, M., Kapral, F., and Welch, T. (1978) Toxic shock syndrome associated with phage-group 1 staphylococci. Lancet 2: 1116-1118.
    • (1978) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1116-1118
    • Todd, J.1    Fishaut, M.2    Kapral, F.3    Welch, T.4
  • 43
    • 0029857389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definition of the mitogenic factor (MF) as a novel streptococcal superantigen that is different from streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A, B, and C
    • Toyosaki, T., Yoshioka, T., Tsuruta, Y., Yutsudo, T., Iwasaki, M., and Suzuki, R. (1996) Definition of the mitogenic factor (MF) as a novel streptococcal superantigen that is different from streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A, B, and C. Eur J Immunol 26: 2693-2701.
    • (1996) Eur J Immunol , vol.26 , pp. 2693-2701
    • Toyosaki, T.1    Yoshioka, T.2    Tsuruta, Y.3    Yutsudo, T.4    Iwasaki, M.5    Suzuki, R.6
  • 44
    • 0020604683 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence of the Streptococcus faecalis plasmid gene encoding the 3′5′-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase type III
    • Trieu-Cuot, P., and Courvalin, P. (1983) Nucleotide sequence of the Streptococcus faecalis plasmid gene encoding the 3′5′-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase type III. Gene 23: 331-341.
    • (1983) Gene , vol.23 , pp. 331-341
    • Trieu-Cuot, P.1    Courvalin, P.2
  • 45
    • 0032037719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of group A streptococcal cysteine protease on invasion of epithelial cells
    • Tsai, P.-J., Kuo, C.-F., Lin, K.-Y., Lin, Y.-S., Lei, H.Y., Chen, F.-F., et al. (1998) Effect of group A streptococcal cysteine protease on invasion of epithelial cells. Infect Immun 66: 1460-1466.
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 1460-1466
    • Tsai, P.-J.1    Kuo, C.-F.2    Lin, K.-Y.3    Lin, Y.-S.4    Lei, H.Y.5    Chen, F.-F.6
  • 46
    • 0026469029 scopus 로고
    • Streptococcal erythrogenic toxin genes: Detection by polymerase chain reaction and association with disease in strains isolated in Canada from 1940 to 1991
    • Tyler, S.D., Johnson, W.M., Huang, J.C., Ashton, F.E., Wang, G., Low, D.E., et al. (1992) Streptococcal erythrogenic toxin genes: detection by polymerase chain reaction and association with disease in strains isolated in Canada from 1940 to 1991. J Clin Microbiol 30: 3127-3131.
    • (1992) J Clin Microbiol , vol.30 , pp. 3127-3131
    • Tyler, S.D.1    Johnson, W.M.2    Huang, J.C.3    Ashton, F.E.4    Wang, G.5    Low, D.E.6
  • 47
    • 0022652177 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene from the Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriophage T12
    • Weeks, C.R., and Ferretti, J.J. (1986) Nucleotide sequence of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene from the Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriophage T12. Infect Immun 52: 144-150.
    • (1986) Infect Immun , vol.52 , pp. 144-150
    • Weeks, C.R.1    Ferretti, J.J.2
  • 48
    • 0028109950 scopus 로고
    • Critical role of the group A streptococcal capsule in pharyngeal colonization and infection in mice
    • Wessels, M.R., and Bronze, M.S. (1994) Critical role of the group A streptococcal capsule in pharyngeal colonization and infection in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 12238-12242.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 12238-12242
    • Wessels, M.R.1    Bronze, M.S.2
  • 49
    • 0027534319 scopus 로고
    • Defining the group A streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Rationale and consensus definition
    • Working Group on Severe Streptococcal Infections (1993) Defining the group A streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Rationale and consensus definition. JAMA 269: 390-391.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 390-391
  • 50
    • 0024332939 scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiologic analysis of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene (speA) in clinical Streptococcus pyogenes strains
    • Yu, C.-E., and Ferretti, J.J. (1989) Molecular epidemiologic analysis of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene (speA) in clinical Streptococcus pyogenes Strains. Infect Immun 57: 3715-3719.
    • (1989) Infect Immun , vol.57 , pp. 3715-3719
    • Yu, C.-E.1    Ferretti, J.J.2
  • 51
    • 0031827523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive group A streptococcal disease in metropolitan Atlanta: A population-based assessment
    • Zurawski, C.A., Bardsley, M.S., Beall, B., Elliot, J.A., Facklam, R., Schwartz, B., et al. (1998) Invasive group A streptococcal disease in metropolitan Atlanta: a population-based assessment. Clin Infect Dis 27: 150-157.
    • Clin Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 150-157
    • Zurawski, C.A.1    Bardsley, M.S.2    Beall, B.3    Elliot, J.A.4    Facklam, R.5    Schwartz, B.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.