Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta: Cerebral thrombi and infarcts, coagulopathies, and cerebral palsy

Human Pathology

Volumn 30, Issue 7, 1999, Pages 759-769

  Kraus, Frederick T ^a   Acheen, Viviana I ^b  

^a ST JOHN S MERCY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Cerebral palsy; Coagulopathy; Fetal thrombi; Placental thrombi

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CEREBRAL PALSY; FETUS; FETUS CIRCULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; NEWBORN; OCCLUSIVE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; PERINATAL MORTALITY; PLACENTA CIRCULATION; STILLBIRTH; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 0032783711     PISSN: 00468177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0046-8177(99)90136-3     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Gross RE: Arterial embolism and thrombosis in infancy. Am J Dis Child 70:61-73,1945
2. Clark RM, Kinell EA: Case report: Prenatal occlusion of the internal carotid artery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 17:295-297, 1954
3. Cocker J, George SW, Yates PO: Perinatal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Dev Med Child Neurol 7:235-243, 1965
4. Hoyme HE, Jones KL, Allen MIV, et al: Vascular pathogenesis of transverse limb reduction defects. J Pediatr 101:839-843, 1982
5. Seligsohn U, Berger A, Abend M, et al: Homozygous protein C deficiency manifested by massive venous thrombosis in the newborn. N Engl J Med 310:559-562, 1984
6. Wolf PL, Jones KL, Longway SR, et al: Prenatal death from acute myocardial infarction and cardiac tamponade due to embolus from the placenta. Am Heart J 109:603-609, 1985
7. Sheridan-Pereira M, Porreco RP, Hays T, et al: Neonatal aortic thrombosis associated with the lupus anticoagulant. Obstet Gynecol 71:1016-1018, 1988
8. Silver RK, MacGregor SN, Pasternak JF, et al: Fetal stroke associated with maternal cardiolipin antibodies. Obstet Gynecol 80:497-499, 1992
9. Tharakan T, Baxi LV, Diuguid D: Protein S deficiency in pregnancy: A case report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 168:141-142, 1993
10. Tabbutt S, Griswold WR, Ogino MT, et al: Multiple thromboses in a premature infant associated with maternal phospholipid antibody syndrome. J Perinatal 14:66-70, 1994
11. Cook V, Weeks J, Brown J, et al: Umbilical artery occlusion and fetoplacental thromboembolism. Obstet Gynecol 85:870-872, 1995
12. Goodwin TM, Gazit G, Gordon EM: Heterozygous protein C deficiency presenting as a severe protein C deficiency and peripartum thrombosis: Successful treatment with protein C concentrate. Obstet Gynecol 86:662-664, 1995
13. Byard RW: Idiopathic arterial calcifications and unexpected infant death. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med 16:985-994, 1996
14. Gruenwald P: Abnormalities of placental vascularity in relation to intrauterine deprivation and retardation of fetal growth: Significance of avascular chorionic villi. NY State J Med 61:1508-1513, 1961
15. Fox H: Thrombosis of the foetal stem arteries in the human placenta. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 73:961-965, 1966
16. Da Sa DJ: Intimal cushions of foetal placental veins. J Pathol 110:347-352, 1973
17. Scott JM: Fibrinous vasculosis in the human placenta. Placenta 4:87-100, 1983
18. Sander CH: Hemorrhagic endovasculitis and hemorrhagic villitis of the placenta. Arch Pathol Lab Med 104:371-373, 1980
19. Sander CH, Kinnane L, Stevens NG, et al: Haemorrhagic endovasculitis of the placenta: A review with clinical correlation. Placenta 7:551-574, 1986
20. Kraus FT: Placental thrombi and related problems. Semin Diagn Pathol 10:275-283, 1993
21. Rayne SC, Kraus FT: Placental thrombi and other vascular lesions: Classification, morphology, and clinical correlations. Pathol Res Pract 189:2-17, 1993
22. Redline RW, Pappin A: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy: The clinical significance of extensive avascular villi. HUM PATHOL 26:80-85, 1995
23. Kraus FT: Cerebral palsy and thrombi in placental vessels of the fetus: Insights from litigation. HUM PATHOL 28:246-248, 1997
24. Benirschke K, Kaufman P: Pathology of the Human Placenta (ed 3). New York, NY, Springer-Verlag, 1995, pp 360-365
25. Valdes-Dapena M, Kalousek DK, Huff DS: Perinatal, fetal, and embryonic autopsy, chap 14, in Gilbert-Barness E: Potter's Pathology of the Fetus and Infant. St Louis, MO, Mosby, 1997
26. Genest DR: Estimating the time of death in stillborn fetuses: II. Histologic evaluation of the placenta: A study of 71 stillborns. Obstet Gynecol 80:585-592, 1992
27. Fox H: Pathology of the Placenta. London, England, Saunders, 1997, pp 237-241
28. Rosendaal FR: Risk factors for venous thrombosis: Prevalence, risk, and interaction. Semin Hematol 34:171-187, 1997
29. Girling J, De Sweit M: Inherited thrombophilia and pregnancy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 10:135-144, 1998
30. Mandel H, Brenner B, Berant M, et al: Coexistence of hereditary homocystinuria and factor V Lieden: Effect on thrombosis. N Engl J Med 334:763-768, 1996
31. Martinelli I, Sacchi E, Landi G, et al: High risk of cerebral vein thrombosis in carriers of a prothrombin gene mutation and in users of oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med 338:1793-1797, 1998
32. Manco-Johnson MJ, Abshire TC, Jacobson LJ, et al: Severe neonatal protein C deficiency: Prevalence and thrombotic risk. J Pediatr 119:793-797, 1991
33. Rotmensch S, Liberati M, Mittelmairn M, et al: Activated protein C resistance and adverse pregnancy outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177:170-173, 1997
34. Dizon-Townson DS, Meline L, Nelson LM, et al: Fetal carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation are prone to miscarriage and placental infarction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177:402-405, 1997
35. de Vries JIP, Dekker GA, Huigens PC, et al: Hyperhomocysteinaemia and protein S deficiency in complicated pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104:1248-1254, 1997
36. Fox H: Pathology of the Placenta. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders, 1997, p 122
37. Towbin A: Brain Damage in the Newborn and Its Neurologic Sequels: Pathologic and Clinical Correlation. Danvers, MA, PRM Publishing, 1998, p 180
38. Shapiro BK, Capute AJ: Cerebral palsy, Chap 27.3, in Oski FA (ed): Principles and Practice of Pediatrics (ed 2). Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott, 1994, p 680
39. Koelfen W, Freund M, Varnholt V: Neonatal stroke involving the middle cerebral artery in term infants: Clinical presentation, EEG and imaging studies, and outcome. Dev Med Child Neurol 37:204-212, 1995
40. Thorarensen O, Ryan S, Hunter J, et al: Factor V Leidey mutations: An unrecognized cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy, neonatal stroke, and placental thrombosis. Ann Neurol 42:372-375, 1997
41. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. N Engl J Med 336:1439-1446, 1997
42. Larroche J-C, de Vries L: Cerebral infarction (arterial occlusion), in Gilbert-Barness E: Potter's Pathology of the Fetus and Infarct. St Louis, MO, Mosby, 1997, pp 1112-1113
43. Levy SR, Abroms IF, Marshall PC, et al: Seizures and cerebral infarctions in the full term newborn. Ann Neurol 17:366-370, 1985
44. Clancy R, Malen S, Lanaque D, et al: Full motor seizures heralding stroke in full term neonates. Am J Dis Child 139:601-606, 1985
45. Grafe MR: The correlation of prenatal brain damage with placental pathology. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 53:407-415, 1994
46. Kuban KCK, Leviton A: Cerebral palsy. N Engl J Med 330:188-195, 1994
47. Toglia MR, Weg JG: Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. N EnglJ Med 335:108-114, 1996
48. Grether JK, Nelson KB: Maternal infection and cerebral palsy in infants of normal birth weight. JAMA 278:207-211, 1997
49. Yoon BH, Jun JK, Romero R, et al: Amniotic fluid inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), neonatal brain white matter lesions, and cerebral palsy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177:19-26, 1997
50. Nelson KB, Grether JK Potentially asphyxiating conditions and spastic cerebral palsy in infants of normal birth weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 179:507-513, 1998
51. Oppenheimer EH, Esterly JR: Thrombosis in the newborn: Comparison between infants of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers. J Pediatr 67:549-556, 1965
52. Nelson KB, Dambrosia JM, Grether JK, et al: Neonatal cytokines and coagulation factors in children with cerebral palsy. Ann Neurol 44:665-675, 1998
53. Arias F, Romero R, Joist H, et al: Thrombophilia: A mechanism of disease in women with adverse pregnancy outcome and thrombotic lesions in the placenta. J Matern-Fetal Med 7:277-286, 1998