Myxoid tumours of soft tissue

Histopathology

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 291-312

  Graadt Van Roggen, J F ^a   Hogendoorn, P C W ^a   Fletcher, C D M ^b  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Mucin; Myxoid; Sarcoma; Soft tissue tumours

Indexed keywords

CYTOGENETICS; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MICROSCOPY; MYXOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SARCOMA; SOFT TISSUE TUMOR; TUMOR BIOPSY;

CHONDROSARCOMA; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; FIBROSARCOMA; HUMANS; LIPOMA; LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID; MALE; MYXOMA; NEUROFIBROMA; NEUROTHEKEOMA; SKIN NEOPLASMS; SOFT TISSUE NEOPLASMS;

EID: 0032759856     PISSN: 03090167     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.1999.00835.x     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Allen PW. Myxoid tumors of soft tissues. Pathol. Annu. 1980; 15; 133-192.
2. MacKenzie DH. The myxoid tumours of somatic soft tissues. Am. J. Surg. Pathol 1981; 5; 443-458.
3. McDonald JA. Extracellular matrix assembly. Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 1988; 4; 183-208.
4. Kindblom LG, Angervall L. Histochemical characterisation of mucosubstances in bone and soft tissue tumours. Cancer 1975; 36; 985-994.
5. Ladanyi M. The emerging molecular genetics of sarcoma translocations. Diagn. Mol. Pathol. 1995; 4; 162-173.
6. Fletcher JA, Kozakewich HP, Hoffer FA et al. Diagnostic relevance of clonal cytogenetic aberrations in malignant soft tissue tumours. N. Engl. J. Med. 1991; 324; 436-442.
7. Graadt van Roggen JF, Bovee JVMG, Morreau J, Hogendoorn PCW. Diagnostic and prognostic implications of the unfolding molecular genetics of bone and soft tissue tumours. J. Clin. Pathol. 1999; 52; 481-489.
8. Knight JC, Renwick PJ, Dal Cin P, van den Berghe H, Fletcher CDM. Translocation t(12;16)(q13:p11) in myxoid liposarcoma: molecular and cytogenetic analysis. Cancer Res. 1995; 55; 24-27.
9. Turc-Carel C, Limon J, Dal Cin P, Rao U, Karakousis C, Sandberg AA. Cytogenetic studies of adipose tumours. Recurrent reciprocal translocation t(12;16)(q13:p11) in myxoid liposarcomas. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 1986; 23; 291-299.
10. Dal Cin P, Sciot R, Panagopoulos I et al. Additional evidence of a variant translocation t(12;22) with EWS/CHOP fusion in myxoid liposarcoma: clinicopathological features. J. Pathol. 1997; 182; 437-441.
11. Sciot R, Dal Cin P, Fletcher C et al. t(9;22)(q22-31;q11-12) is a consistent marker of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: evaluation of three cases. Mod. Pathol. 1995; 8; 765-768.
12. Labelle Y, Zucman J, Stenman G et al. Oncogenic conversion of a novel orphan nuclear receptor by chromosome translocation. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1995; 4; 2219-2226.
13. Kazmierczak B, Wanschura S, Meyer-Bolte K et al. Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of an aggressive angiomyxoma. Am. J. Pathol. 1995; 147; 580-585.
14. Johnson WC, Graham JH, Helwig EB. Cutaneous myxoid cyst: a clinicopathological and histochemical study. JAMA 1965; 191; 15-20.
15. Allen PW, Dymock RB, MacCormac LB. Superficial angiomyxomas with and without epithelial components. Report of 30 tumors in 28 patients. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1988; 12; 519-530.
16. Calonje E, Guerin D, McCormick D, Fletcher CDM. Superficial angiomyxoma: clinicopathologic analysis of a series of distinctive but poorly recognised cutaneous tumors with a tendency for recurrence. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1999; 23; 910-917.
17. Fetsch JF, Laskin WB, Tavassoli FA. Superficial angiomyxoma (cutaneous myxoma): a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases arising in the genital region. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 1997; 16; 325-334.
18. Carney JA, Headington JT, Su WPD. Cutaneous myxomas. A major component of the complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, and endocrine overactivity. Arch. Dermatol. 1986; 122; 790-798.
19. Carney IA, Hruska LS, Beauchamp GD, Gordon H. Dominant inheritance of the complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, and endocrine overactivity. Mayo Clinic Proc. 1986; 61; 165-172.
20. Carney JA, Toorkey BC. Myxoid fibroadenoma and allied conditions (myxomatosis) of the breast. A heritable disorder with special associations including cardiac and cutaneous myxomas. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1991; 15; 713-721.
21. Ferreiro JA, Carney JA. Myxomas of the external ear and their significance. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1994; 18; 274-280.
22. Steeper TA, Rosai J. Aggressive angiomyxoma of the female pelvis and perineum. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1983; 7; 463-475.
23. Fetsch JF, Laskin WB, Lefkowitz M, Kindblom LG, Meis-Kindblom J. Aggressive angiomyxoma. A clinicopathologic study of 29 female patients. Cancer 1996; 78; 79-90.
24. Tsang WYW, Chan JKC, Lee KC, Fisher C, Fletcher CDM. Aggressive angiomyxoma. A report of four cases occurring in men. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1992; 16; 1059-1065.
25. Iezzoni JC, Fechner RE, Wong LS, Rosai J. Aggressive angiomyxoma in males. A report of four cases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1995; 104; 391-396.
26. Granter SR, Xucci MR, Fletcher CDM. Aggressive angiomyxoma: reappraisal of its relationship to angiomyofibroblastoma in a series of 16 cases. Histopathology 1997; 30; 3-10.
27. Hess JL. Chromosomal translocations in benign tumors. The HMGI proteins. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1998; 109; 251-261.
28. Fletcher CDM, Tsang WYW, Fisher C, Lee KC, Chan JKC. Angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva. A benign neoplasm distinct from aggressive angiomyxoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1992; 16; 373-382.
29. Ockner DM, Sayadi H, Swanson PE, Ritter JH, Wick MR. Genital angiomyofibroblastoma. Comparison with aggressive angiomyxoma and other myxoid neoplasms of skin and soil tissue. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1997; 107; 36-44.
30. Fletcher CDM, Akerman M, Dal Cin P et al. Correlation between clinicopathological features and karyotype in lipomatous tumours. Am. J. Pathol. 1996; 148; 623-630.
31. Angelides AC, Wallace PF. The dorsal ganglion of the wrist: its pathogenesis, gross Anti microscopic anatomy and surgical treatment. J. Hand. Surg. 1976; 1; 228-235.
32. McEvedy BV. Simple ganglia. Br. J. Surg. 1962; 49; 585-594.
33. Allen PW. Nodular fasciitis. Pathology 1972; 4; 9-26.
34. Shimizu S, Hashimoto H, Enjoji M. Nodular fasciitis: an analysis of 250 patients. Pathology 1984; 16; 161-166.
35. Montgomery EA, Meis JM. Nodular fasciitis. Its morphologic spectrum and immunohistochemical profile. Am. J. Surg. Pathol 1991; 15; 942-948.
36. Gallagher RL, Helwig EB. Neurothekeoma - a benign cutaneous tumor of neural origin. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1980; 74; 759-764.
37. Pullitzer DR, Reed RJ. Nerve-sheath myxoma (perineurial myxoma). Am. J. Dermatopathol. 1985; 7; 409-421.
38. Paulus W, Jellinger K, Perneczky G. Intraspinal neurothekeoma (nerve sheath myxoma). A report of two cases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1991; 95; 511-516.
39. Argenyi ZB, LeBoit PE, Santa Cruz D, Swanson PE, Kutzner H. Nerve sheath myxoma (neurothekeoma) of the skin: light microscopic and immunohistochemical reappraisal of the cellular variant. J. Cutan. Pathol. 1993; 20; 294-303.
40. Frierson HF, Cooper PH. Myxoid variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1983; 7; 445-450.
41. Weiss SW, Enzinger FM. Myxoid variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Cancer 1977; 39; 1672-1685.
42. Angervall L, Kindblom L-C, Merck C. Myxofibrosarcoma. A study of 30 cases. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 1977; 85; 127-140.
43. Mentzel T, Calonje E, Wadden C et al. Myxofibrosarcoma. Clinicopathologic analysis of 75 cases with emphasis on the low grade variant. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1996; 20; 391-405.
44. Orndal C, Mandahl N, Rydholm A et al. Supernumerary chromosomes in five bone and soft tissue tumors of low or borderline malignancy. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1992; 60; 170-175.
45. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW, Liang CY. Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour of soft parts. A clinicopathological analysis of 59 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1989; 13; 817-827.
46. Miettinen M. Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts. Additional observations of a distinctive soft tissue tumor. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1991; 95; 142-149.
47. Schofield JB, Krausz T, Stamp GWH, Fletcher CDM, Fisher C, Azzopardi JG. Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour of soft parts: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Histopathology 1993: 22; 101-112.
48. Kilpatrick SE, Ward WG, Mozes M, Miettinen M, Fukunaga M, Fletcher CDM. Atypical and malignant variants of ossifying fibromyxoid tumor. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1995; 19; 1039-1046.
49. Kilpatrick SE, Hitchcock MG, Kraus MD, Calonje E, Fletcher CDM. Mixed tumors and myoepitheliomas of soft tissue: a clinicopathological study of 19 cases with a unifying concept. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1997; 21; 13-22.
50. Kempson RL, Fletcher CDM, Evans HL, Hendrickson MR, Sibley RK. Tumours of the Soft Tissue, 3rd series. Washington DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 1999; in press.
51. Enzinger FM. Intramuscular myxoma. A review and follow-up study of 34 cases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1965; 43; 104-113.
52. Kindblom LG, Stener B, Angervall I. Intramuscular myxoma. Cancer 1974; 34; 1737-1744.
53. Hashimoto H, Tsuneyoshi M, Daimaru Y, Enjoji M, Shinohara N. Intramuscular myxoma. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic study. Cancer 1986; 58; 740-747.
54. Nielsen GP, O'Connell JX, Rosenberg AE. Intramuscular myxoma. A clinicopathologic study of 51 cases with emphasis on hypercellular and hypervascular variants. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1998; 22; 1222-1227.
55. Cabral CEL, Guedes P, Fonseca T, Rezende JF, Cruz jnr. LC, Smith J. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia associated with intramuscular myxoma: Mazabraud's syndrome. Skeletal Radiol. 1998; 27; 278-282.
56. Wirth WA, Leavitt D, Enzinger FM. Multiple intramuscular myxomas. Another extraskeletal manifestation of fibrous dysplasia. Cancer 1971; 27; 1167-1173.
57. Meis JM, Enzinger FM. Juxta-articular myxoma. A clinical and pathologic study of 65 cases. Human Pathol. 1992; 23; 639-646.
58. Evans HL. Low-grade libromyxoid sarcoma. A report of two metastasizing neoplasms having a deceptively benign appearance. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1987; 88; 615-619.
59. Devaney DM, Dervan P, O'Neill S, Carney D, Leader M. Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. Histopathology 1990; 17; 463-479.
60. Evans HL. Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. A report of 12 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1993; 17; 595-600.
61. Goodlad JR, Mentzel T, Fletcher CDM. Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma: clinicopathological analysis of eleven new cases in support or a distinct entity. Histopathology 1995; 26; 229-237.
62. Rubin BP, Fletcher CDM. Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue. An underrecognised variant. Mod. Pathol. 1999; 12; 15A (abstract).
63. Ducatman BS, Scheithauer BW, Piepgras DG, Reiman HM, Ilstrup DM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. A clinicopathologic study of 120 cases. Cancer 1986; 57; 2006-2021.
64. Erlabdson RA, Woodruff JM. Peripheral nerve sheath tumours: an electron microscopic study of 43 cases. Cancer 1982; 49; 273-287.
65. Fletcher CDM, Dal Cin P, De Wever I et al. Correlalion between clinicopathological features and karyotype in spindle cell sarcomas. A report of 130 cases from the CHAMP study group. Am. J. Pathol. 1999; 154; 1841-1847.
66. Kilpatrick SE, Doyon J, Choong PFM, Sim FH, Nascimento AG. The clinicopathologic spectrum of myxoid and round cell liposarcoma. A study of 95 cases. Cancer 1996; 77; 1450-1458.
67. Fletcher CDM. Will we ever reliably predict prognosis in a patient with myxoid and round cell liposarcoma? Adv. Anat. Pathol. 1997; 4; 108-111.
68. Dei Tos Wadden C, Fletcher CDM. S-100 protein staining in liposarcoma. Its diagnostic utility in the high-grade myxoid (round cell) variant. Appl. Immunohistochem. 1996; 4; 95-101.
69. Tallini G, Akerman M, Dal Cin P et al. Combined morphologic and karyotypic study of 28 myxoid liposarcomas. Implications for a revised morphologic typing (a report from the CHAMP group). Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1996; 20; 1047-1055.
70. Stout AP, Verncr EN. Chondrosarcoma of extraskeletal soft tissues. Cancer 1953; 6; 581-590.
71. Enzinger FM, Shiraki M. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. An analysis of 34 cases. Human Pathol. 1972; 3; 421-435.
72. Hachitanda Y, Tsuneyoshi M, Daimaru Y, Enjoji M, Nakagawara A, Ikeda K, Sueishi K. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma in young children. Cancer 1988; 61; 2521-2526.
73. Saleh G, Evans HL, Ro JY, Ayala AG. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. A clinicopathologic study of ten patients with long-term follow-up. Cancer 1992; 70; 2827-2830.
74. Fletcher CDM, Powell G, McKee PH. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study. Histopathology 1986; 10; 489-499.
75. Lucas DR, Fletcher CDM, Adsay NV, Zalupski MM. High grade extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: a high grade epithelioid malignancy. Histopathology 1999; in press.
76. Dei Tos A, Wadden C, Fletcher CDM. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: an immunohistochemical reappraisal of 39 cases. Appl. Immunohistochem. 1997; 5; 73-77.
77. Dardick I, Lgace R, Carlier MT, Jung RC. Chordoid sarcoma (extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma). A light and electron microscopic study. Virchows Arch. (Pathol. Anat.) 1983; 399; 61-78.
78. Tsuneyoshi M, Enjoji M, Iwasaki H, Shinohara N. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. A clinicopathologic and electron microscopic study. Acta Pathol. Jpn 1981; 31; 439-447.
79. Antonescu CR, Argani P, Erlandson RA, Healey JH, Ladanyi M, Huvos AG. Skeletal and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. A comparative clinicopathologic, ultrastructural and molecular study. Cancer 1998; 83; 1504-1521.
80. Helwig BE, Stern TB. Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal myxopapillary ependymoma. A clinicopathologic study of 32 cases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1984; 81; 156-161.
81. Pullitzer DR, Marlin PC, Collins PC, Ralph DR. Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal ('myxopupillary') ependymal rests. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1988; 12; 672-677.
82. Anderson MS. Myxopapillary ependymomas presenting in the soft tissue over the sacrococcygeal region. Cancer 1966; 19; 585-590.
83. King P, Cooper PN, Malcolm AJ. Soft tissue ependymoma: a report of three cases. Histopathology 1993; 22; 394-396.