CD19 is a central response regulator of B lymphocyte signaling thresholds governing autoimmunity

Journal of Dermatological Science

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 1-10

  Sato, Shinichi ^a  

^a KANAZAWA UNIV SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; B lymphocyte; CD19; CD21; Complement; Signal transduction

Indexed keywords

CD19 ANTIGEN; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3D; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3D RECEPTOR; LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR;

ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; AUTOIMMUNITY; B LYMPHOCYTE; HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, CD19; AUTOIMMUNITY; B-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMANS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0032739412     PISSN: 09231811     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0923-1811(99)00043-2     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Goodnow C.C. Balancing immunity and tolerance: deleting and tuning lymphocyte repertoires. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;2264-2671.
2. Tedder T.F., Inaoki M., Sato S. The CD19/21 complex regulates signal transduction thresholds governing humoral immunity and autoimmunity. Immunity. 6:1997;107-108.
3. Saier Jr M.H. Bacterial sensor kinase/response regulator systems: an introduction. Res Microbiol. 145:1994;349-355.
4. Chang C., Meyerowitz E.M. Eukaryotes have 'two-component' signal transducers. Res Microbiol. 145:1994;481-486.
5. Tedder T.F. Introduction: response-regulators of B lymphocyte signaling thresholds provide a context for antigen receptor signal transduction. Semin Immunol. 10:1998;259-265.
6. Cooper M.D., Kearney J.F., Gathings W.E., Lawton A.R. Effects of anti-Ig antibodies on the development and differentiation of B cells. Immunol Rev. 52:1980;29-53.
7. Liu Q., Oliveira-Dos-Santos A.J., Mariathasan S., Bouchard D., Jones J., Sarao R., Kozieradzki I., Ohashi P.S., Penninger J.M., Dumont D.J. The inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase Ship is a crucial negative regulator of B cell antigen receptor signaling. J Exp Med. 188:1998;1333-1342.
8. Tedder T.F., Zhou L.-J., Engel P. The CD19/CD21 signal transduction complex of B lymphocytes. Immunol Today. 15:1994;437-442.
9. Nadler L.M., Anderson K.C., Marti G., Bates M., Park E., Daley J.F., Schlossman S.F. B4, a human B lymphocyte-associated antigen expressed on normal, mitogen activated, and malignant B lymphocytes. J Immunol. 131:1983;244-250.
10. Anderson K.C., Bates M.P., Slaughenhoupt B., Pinkus G., Schlossman S.F., Nadler L.M. Expression of human B cell-associated antigens on leukemias and lymphomas: a model of human B cell differentiation. Blood. 63:1984;1424-1433.
11. Stamenkovic I., Seed B. CD19, the earliest differentiation antigen of the B cell lineage, bears three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and an Epstein-Barr Virus-related cytoplasmic tail. J Exp Med. 168:1988;1205-1210.
12. Tedder T.F., Isaacs C.M. Isolation of cDNAs encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes: a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. J Immunol. 143:1989;712-717.
13. van Noesel C.J.M., Lankester A.C., van Lier R.A.W. Dual antigen recognition by B cells. Immunol Today. 14:1993;8-11.
14. Uckun F.M., Burkhardt A.L., Jarvis L., Jun X., Stealey B., Dibirdik I., Myers D.E., Tuel-Ahlgren L., Bolen J.B. Signal transduction through the CD19 receptor during discrete developmental stages of human B-cell ontogeny. J Biol Chem. 268:1993;21772-21784.
15. Weng W.K., Jarvis L., LeBien T.W. Signaling through CD19 activates vav/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and induces formation of a CD19/vav/phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase complex in human B cell precursors. J Biol Chem. 269:1994;32514-32521.
16. Chalupny N.J., Aruffo A., Esselstyn J.M., Chan P.Y., Bajorath J., Blake J., Gilliland L.K., Ledbetter J.A., Tepper M.A. Specific binding of Fyn and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to the B cell surface glycoprotein CD19 through their src homology 2 domains. Eur J Immunol. 25:1995;2978-2984.
17. Tuveson D.A., Carter R.H., Soltoff S.P., Fearon D.T. CD19 of B cells as a surrogate kinase insert region to bind phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Science. 260:1993;986-989.
18. Zhou L.-J., Ord D.C., Hughes A.L., Tedder T.F. Structure and domain organization of the CD19 antigen of human, mouse and guinea pig B lymphocytes. Conservation of the extensive cytoplasmic domain. J Immunol. 147:1991;1424-1432.
19. Zhou L.-J., Ord D.C., Omori S.A., Tedder T.F. Structure of the genes encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B cells. Immunogenetics. 35:1992;102-111.
20. Matsumoto A.K., Kopicky-Burd J., Carter R.H., Tuveson D.A., Tedder T.F., Fearon D.T. Intersection of the complement and immune systems: a signal transduction complex of the B lymphocyte containing complement receptor type 2 and CD19. J Exp Med. 173:1991;55-64.
21. Bradbury L., Kansas G.S., Levy S., Evans R.L., Tedder T.F. CD19 is a component of a signal transducing complex on the surface of B cells that includes CD21, TAPA-1 and Leu-13. J Immunol. 149:1992;2841-2850.
22. Krop I., Shaffer A.L., Fearon D.T., Schlissel M.S. The signaling activity of murine CD19 is regulated during B cell development. J Immunol. 157:1996;48-56.
23. Fearon D.T., Carter R.H. The CD19/CR2/TAPA-1 complex of B lymphocytes: linking natural to acquired immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 13:1995;127-149.
24. Bradbury L.E., Goldmacher V.S., Tedder T.F. The CD19 signal transduction complex of B lymphocytes: deletion of the CD19 cytoplasmic domain alters signal transduction but not complex formation with TAPA-1 and Leu-13. J Immunol. 151:1993;2915-2927.
25. Tuveson D.A., Ahearn J.M., Matsumoto A.K., Fearon D.T. Molecular interactions of complement receptors on B lymphocytes: a CR1/CR2 complex distinct from the CR2/CD19 complex. J Exp Med. 173:1991;1083-1089.
26. Maecker H.T., Levy S. Normal lymphocyte development but delayed humoral immune response in CD81-null mice. J Exp Med. 185:1997;1505-1510.
27. Tsitsikov E.N., Gutierrez-Ramos J.C., Geha R.S. Impaired CD19 expression and signaling, enhanced antibody response to type II T independent antigen and reduction of B-1 cells in CD81-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:1997;10844-10849.
28. Tedder T.F., Clement L.T., Cooper M.D. Expression of C3d receptors during human B cell differentiation: immunofluorescence analysis with the HB-5 monoclonal antibody. J Immunol. 133:1984;678-683.
29. Kinoshita T., Lavoie S., Nussenzweig V. Regulatory proteins for the activated third and fourth components of complement (C3b and C4b) in mice. II. Identification and properties of complement receptor 1 (CR1). J Immunol. 134:1985;2564-3570.
30. Fingeroth J.D., Benedict M.A., Levy D.N., Strominger J.L. Identification of murine complement receptor type 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 86:1989;242-246.
31. Molina H., Kinoshita T., Inoue K., Carel J.-C., Holers V.M. A molecular and immunochemical characterization of mouse CR2. Evidence for a single gene model of mouse complement receptors 1 and 2. J Immunol. 145:1990;2974-2983.
32. Weis J.J., Fearon D.T., Klickstein L.B., Wong W.W., Richards S.A., Kops A.D., Smith J.A., Weis J.A. Identification of a partial cDNA clone for the C3d/Epstein-Barr virus receptor of human B lymphocytes: homology with the receptor for fragments C3b and C4b of the third and fourth components of complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 83:1986;5639-5643.
33. Moore M.D., Cooper N.R., Tack B.F., Nemerow G.R. Molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding the Epstein-Barr virus/C3d receptor (complement receptor type 2) of human B lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 84:1987;9194-9198.
34. Weiss J.J., Tedder T.F., Fearon D.T. Identification of a 145,000 Mr membrane protein as the C3d receptor (CR2) of human B lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 81:1984;881-885.
35. Iida K., Nadler L., Nussenzweig V. Identification of the membrane receptor for the complement fragment C3d by means of a monoclonal antibody. J Exp Med. 158:1983;1021-1033.
36. Fingeroth J.D., Weiss J.J., Tedder T.F., Strominger J.L., Biro P.A., Fearon D.T. The Epstein-Barr virus receptor of human B lymphocytes is the C3d receptor (CR2). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 81:1984;4510-4515.
37. Nemerow G.R., Wolfert R., McNaughton M.E., Cooper N.R. Identification and characterization of the Epstein-Barr virus receptor on human B lymphocytes and its relationship to the C3d complement receptor (CR2). J Virol. 55:1985;347-351.
38. Law S.K., Lichtenberg N.A., Levine R.P. Covalent binding and hemolytic activity of complement proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 77:1980;7194-7198.
39. Tack B.F., Harrison R.A., Janatova J., Thomas M.L., Prahl J.W. Evidence for presence of an internal thiolester bond in third component of human complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 77:1980;5764-5768.
40. Sato S., Miller A.S., Howard M.C., Tedder T.F. Regulation of B lymphocyte development and activation by the CD19/CD21/CD81/Leu-13 complex requires the cytoplasmic domain of CD19. J Immunol. 159:1997;3278-3287.
41. Uckun F.M., Ledbetter J.A. Immunobiologic differences between normal and leukemic human B-cell precursors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 85:1988;8603-8607.
42. Pezzutto A., Dorken B., Rabinovitch P.S., Ledbetter J.A., Moldenhauer G., Clark E.A. CD19 monoclonal antibody HD37 inhibits anti-immunoglobulin-induced B cell activation and proliferation. J Immunol. 138:1987;2793-2799.
43. Rijkers G.T., Griffioen A.W., Zegers B.J.M., Cambier J.C. Ligation of membrane immunoglobulin leads to inactivation of the signal-transducing ability of membrane immunoglobulin, CD19, CD21, and B-cell gp95. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 87:1990;8766-8770.
44. Carter R.H., Tuveson D.A., Park D.J., Rhee S.G., Fearon D.T. The CD19 complex of B lymphocytes. Activation of phospholipase C by a protein tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway that can be enhanced by the membrane IgM complex. J Immunol. 147:1991;3663-3671.
45. Sato S., Steeber D.A., Jansen P.J., Tedder T.F. CD19 expression levels regulate B lymphocyte development: human CD19 restores normal function in mice lacking endogenous CD19. J Immunol. 158:1997;4662-4669.
46. Kansas G.S., Tedder T.F. Transmembrane signals generated through MHC class II, CD19, CD20, CD39, and CD40 antigens induce LFA-1-dependent and independent adhesion in human B cells through a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway. J Immunol. 147:1991;4094-4102.
47. Smith S.H., Rigley K.P., Callard R.E. Activation of human B cells through the CD19 surface antigen results in homotypic adhesion by LFA-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Immunology. 73:1991;293-297.
48. Wagner N., Engel P., Tedder T.F. Regulation of the tyrosine kinase-dependent adhesion pathway in human lymphocytes by CD45. J Immunol. 150:1993;4887-4899.
49. Rigley K.P., Callard R.E. Inhibition of B cell proliferation with CD19 monoclonal antibodies: CD19 antibodies do not interfere with early signalling events triggered by anti-IgM or IL-4. Eur J Immunol. 21:1991;535-540.
50. Carter R.H., Fearon D.T. CD19: lowering the threshold for antigen receptor stimulation of B lymphocytes. Science. 256:1992;105-107.
51. Chalupny N.J., Kanner S.B., Schieven G.L., Wee S., Gilliland L.K., Aruffo A., Ledbetter J.A. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD19 in pre-B and mature B cells. EMBO J. 12:1993;2691-2696.
52. van Noesel C.J., Lankester A.C., van Schijndel G.M., van Lier R.A. The CR2/CD19 complex on human B cells contains the src-family kinase Lyn. Int Immunol. 5:1993;699-705.
53. Carter R.H., Doody G.M., Bolen J.B., Fearon D.T. Membrane IgM-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of CD19 requires a CD19 domain that mediates association with components of the B cell antigen receptor complex. J Immunol. 158:1997;3062-3069.
54. Engel P., Zhou L.-J., Ord D.C., Sato S., Koller B., Tedder T.F. Abnormal B lymphocyte development, activation and differentiation in mice that lack or overexpress the CD19 signal transduction molecule. Immunity. 3:1995;39-50.
55. Rickert R.C., Rajewsky K., Roes J. Impairment of T-cell-dependent B-cell responses and B-1 cell development in CD19-deficient mice. Nature. 376:1995;352-355.
56. Sato S., Steeber D.A., Tedder T.F. The CD19 signal transduction molecule is a response regulator of B-lymphocyte differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92:1995;11558-11562.
57. Fehr T., Rickert R.C., Odermatt B., Roes J., Rajewsky K., Hengartner H., Zinkernagel R.M. Antiviral protection and germinal center formation, but impaired B cell memory in the absence of CD19. J Exp Med. 188:1998;145-155.
58. Zhou L.-J., Smith H.M., Waldschmidt T.J., Schwarting R., Daley J., Tedder T.F. Tissue-specific expression of the human CD19 gene in transgenic mice inhibits antigen-independent B lymphocyte development. Mol Cell Biol. 14:1994;3884-3894.
59. Sato S., Ono N., Steeber D.A., Pisetsky D.S., Tedder T.F. CD19 regulates B lymphocyte signaling thresholds critical for the development of B-1 lineage cells and autoimmunity. J Immunol. 156:1996;4371-4378.
60. Fujimoto M., Poe J.C., Inaoki M., Tedder T.F. CD19 regulates B lymphocyte responses to transmembrane signals. Semin Immunol. 10:1998;267-277.
61. Sato S., Miller A.S., Inaoki M., Bock C.B., Jansen P.J., Tang M.L.K., Tedder T.F. CD22 is both a positive and negative regulator of B lymphocyte antigen receptor signal transduction: altered signaling in CD22-deficient mice. Immunity. 5:1996;551-562.
62. Sato S., Jansen P.J., Tedder T.F. CD19 and CD22 expression reciprocally regulates tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav protein during B lymphocyte signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:1997;13158-13162.
63. Sato S., Tuscano J.M., Inaoki M., Tedder T.F. CD22 negatively and positively regulates signal transduction through the B lymphocyte receptor. Semin Immunol. 10:1998;287-298.
64. Pani G., Siminovitch K.A., Paige C.J. The motheaten mutation rescues B cell signaling and development in CD45-deficient mice. J Exp Med. 186:1997;581-588.
65. Dempsey P.W., Allison M.E.D., Akkaraju S., Goodnow C.C., Fearon D.T. C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant: bridging innate and acquired immunity. Science. 271:1996;348-350.
66. Inaoki M., Sato S., Weintraub B.C., Goodnow C.C., Tedder T.F. CD19-regulated signaling thresholds control peripheral tolerance and autoantibody production in B lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 186:1997;1923-1931.
67. Goodnow C.C. Transgenic mice and analysis of B-cell tolerance. Annu Rev Immunol. 10:1992;489-518.
68. Goodnow C.C., Crosbie J., Adelstein S., Lavoie T.B., Smith-Gill S.J., Brink R.A., Pritchard-Briscoe H., Wotherspoon J.S., Loblay R.H., Raphael K., Trent R.J., Basten A. Altered immunoglobulin expression and functional silencing of self-reactive B lymphocytes in transgenic mice. Nature. 334:1988;676-682.
69. Cook L., Agnello V. Complement deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus. Lahita R.G. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus'. 1992;569-586 Churchill Livingston, Edinburgh.
70. Atkinson J.P.@. Genetic susceptibility and class III complement genes. Lahita R.G. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. 1992;87-102 Churchill Livingston, Edinburgh.
71. Petri M., Watson R., Winkelstein J.A., McLean R.H. Clinical expression of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with C4A deficiency. Medicine. 72:1993;236-244.
72. Lachmann P.J., Walport M.J. Deficiency of the effector mechanisms of the immune response and autoimmunity. Ciba Found Symp. 129:1987;149-171.
73. Klinman D.M., Steinberg A.D. Systemic autoimmune disease arises from polyclonal B cell activation. J Exp Med. 165:1987;1755-1760.
74. Okano Y. Antinuclear antibody in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Rhuem Dis Clin North Am. 22:1996;709-735.
75. Postlethwaite AE. Early immune events in scleroderma. Rhuem Dis Clin North Am 1990;16:125-139.
76. Sato S., Ihn H., Kikuchi K., Takehara K. Antihistone antibodies in systemic sclerosis: association with pulmonary fibrosis. Arthritis Rheum. 37:1994;391-394.
77. Fujimoto M., Sato S., Ihn H., Kikuchi K., Tamaki K., Takehara K. Autoantibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in patients with systemic sclerosis: possible role of anti-E1a antibody as a serologic indicator for development of primary biliary cirrhosis. Arthritis Rheum. 38:1995;985-989.
78. Montecucco C., Caporali R., Cobianchi F., Biamonti G. Identification of autoantibodies to the I protein of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 39:1996;1669-1676.
79. Sato S, Hasegawa M, Tedder TF, Takehara K. The levels of CD19 expression on B lymphocytes regulate autoimmunity in patients with systemic sclerosis. FASEB J. 13:1999;A959.
80. Bignon J.S., Siminovitch K.A. Identification of PTP1C mutation as the genetic defect in motheaten and viable motheaten mice: a step toward defining the roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases in the regulation of hemopoietic cell differentiation and function. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 73:1994;168-179.
81. Nishizumi H., Taniuchi I., Yamanashi Y., Katamura D., Ilic D., Mori S., Watanabe T., Yamamoto T. Impaired proliferation of peripheral B cells and indication of autoimmune disease in lyn-deficient mice. Immunity. 3:1995;549-560.
82. Hibbs M.L., Tarlinton D.M., Armes J., Grail D., Hodgson G., Maglitto R., Stacker S.A., Dunn A.R. Multiple defects in the immune system of Lyn-deficient mice, culminating in autoimmune disease. Cell. 83:1995;301-311.