Patients with alcohol problems

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 338, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 592-602

  O'Connor, Patrick G ^a   Schottenfeld, Richard S ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ALCOHOLISM; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; PATIENT EDUCATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ALCOHOL DRINKING; ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS; ALCOHOLISM; ETHANOL; HUMANS; MEDICAL HISTORY TAKING; PHYSICIAN'S ROLE; RECURRENCE; RISK; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

EID: 0032567923     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199802263380907     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Secretary of Health and Human Services. Ninth special report to the U.S. Congress on alcohol and health. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1997. (NIH publication no. 97-4017.)
2. Lieber CS. Medical disorders of alcoholism. N Engl J Med 1995;333: 1058-65.
3. Broadening the base of treatment for alcohol problems: report of a study by a committee of the Institute of Medicine. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1990.
4. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The physicians' guide to helping patients with alcohol problems. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1995. (NIH publication no. 95-3769.)
5. Kitchens JM. Does this patient have an alcohol problem? JAMA 1994; 272:1782-7.
6. Lewis DC. The role of internal medicine in addiction medicine. J Addict Dis 1996;15:1-17.
7. Parish DC. Another indication for screening and early intervention: problem drinking. JAMA 1997;277:1079-80.
8. Buchsbaum DG, Welsh J, Buchanan RG, Elswick RK Jr. Screening for drinking problems by patient self-report: even 'safe' levels may indicate a problem. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:104-8.
9. Camargo CA Jr, Hennekens CH, Gaziano JM, Glynn RJ, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ. Prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and mortality in US male physicians. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:79-85.
10. Boffetta P, Garfinkel L. Alcohol drinking and mortality among men enrolled in an American Cancer Society prospective study. Epidemiology 1990;1:342-8.
11. Fuchs CS, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al. Alcohol consumption and mortality among women. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1245-50.
12. Hill SY. Mental and physical health consequences of alcohol use in women. Recent Dev Alcohol 1995;12:181-97.
13. Frezza M, di Padova C, Pozzato G, Terpin M, Baraona E, Lieber CS. High blood alcohol levels in women: the role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism. N Engl J Med 1990;322: 95-9.
14. Anda RF, Williamson DF, Remington PL. Alcohol and fatal injuries among US adults: findings from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. JAMA 1988;260:2529-32.
15. Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption - II. Addiction 1993;88:791-804.
16. Hanna EZ, Chou SP, Grant BF The relationship between drinking and heart disease morbidity in the United States: results from the National Health Interview Survey. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997;21:111-8.
17. Gaziano JM, Buring JE, Breslow JL, et al. Moderate alcohol intake, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein and its subfractions, and decreased risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1829-34.
18. Ashley MJ, Ferrence R, Room R., Rankin J, Single E. Moderate drinking and health: report of an international symposium. Can Med Assoc J 1994;151:809-28.
19. Friedman GD, Klatsky AL. Is alcohol good for your health? N Engl J Med 1993;329:1882-3.
20. Skog OJ. Public health consequences of the J-curve hypothesis of alcohol problems. Addiction 1996;91:325-37.
21. Thun MJ, Peto R, Lopez AD, et al. Alcohol consumption and mortality among middle aged and elderly U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 1997;337: 1705-14.
22. Potter JD. Hazards and benefits of alcohol. N Engl J Med 1997;337: 1763-4.
23. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed.: DSM-IV. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
24. O'Brien CP. Treatment of alcoholism as a chronic disorder. Alcohol 1994;11:433-7.
25. Morse RM, Flavin DK. The definition of alcoholism: the Joint Committee of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism. JAMA 1992;268:1012-4.
26. Dawson DA, Grant BF, Chou SP, Pickering RP. Subgroup variation in U.S. drinking patterns: results of the 1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Study. J Subst Abuse 1995;7:331-44.
27. Grant BF. Prevalence and correlates of drug use and DSM-IV drug dependence in the United States: results of the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. J Subst Abuse 1996;8:195-210.
28. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:8-19.
29. Helzer JE, Pryzbeck TR. The co-occurrence of alcoholism with other psychiatric disorders in the general population and its impact on treatment. J Stud Alcohol 1988;49:219-24.
30. Moore RD, Bone LR, Geller G, Mamon JA, Stokes EJ, Levine DM. Prevalence, detection, and treatment of alcoholism in hospitalized patients. JAMA 1989;261:403-7.
31. Bush B, Shaw S, Cleary P, Delbanco TL, Aronson MD. Screening for alcohol abuse using the CAGE questionnaire. Am J Med 1987;82:231-5.
32. Muller A. Alcohol consumption and community hospital admissions in the United States: a dynamic regression analysis, 1950-1992. Addiction 1996;91:321-42.
33. Cleary PD, Miller M, Bush BT, Warburg MM, Delbanco TL, Aronson MD. Prevalence and recognition of alcohol abuse in a primary care population. Am J Med 1988;85:466-71.
34. Liskow B, Campbell J, Nickel EJ, Powell BJ. Validity of the CAGE questionnaire in screening for alcohol dependence in a walk-in (triage) clinic. J Stud Alcohol 1995;56:277-81.
35. Isaacson JH, Butler R, Zacharek M, Tzelepis A. Screening with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in an inner-city population. J Gen Intern Med 1994;9:550-3.
36. Buchsbaum DG, Buchanan RG, Centor RM, Schnoll SH, Lawton MJ. Screening for alcohol abuse using CAGE scores and likelihood ratios. Ann Intern Med 1991;115:774-7.
37. Wallace P, Cutler S, Haines A. Randomised controlled trial of general practitioner intervention in patients with excessive alcohol consumption. BMJ 1988;297:663-8.
38. Fleming MF, Barry KL, Manwell LB, Johnson K, London R. Brief physician advice for problem alcohol drinkers: a randomized controlled trial in community-based primary care practices. JAMA 1997;277:1039-45.
39. Amodei N, Williams JF, Seale JP, Alvarado ML. Gender differences in medical presentation and detection of patients with a history of alcohol abuse or dependence. J Addict Dis 1996;15:19-31.
40. Gerbert B, Maguire BT, Bleecker T, Coates TJ, McPhee SJ. Primary care physicians and AIDS: attitudinal and structural barriers to care. JAMA 1991;266:2837-42.
41. Schiødt FV, Rochling FA, Casey DL, Lee WM. Acetaminophen toxicity in an urban county hospital. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1112-7.
42. Babor TF, Stephens RS, Marlatt GA. Verbal report methods in clinical research on alcoholism: response bias and its minimization. J Stud Alcohol 1987;48:410-24.
43. Light JM, Irvine KM, Kjerulf L. Estimating genetic and environmental effects of alcohol use and dependence from a national survey: a "quasiadoption" study. J Stud Alcohol 1996;57:507-20.
44. Allen JP, Maisto SA, Connors GJ. Self-report screening tests for alcohol problems in primary care. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:1726-30.
45. Fleming MF, Barry KL. The effectiveness of alcoholism screening in an ambulatory care setting. J Stud Alcohol 1991;52:33-6.
46. Beresford TP, Blow FC, Hill E, Singer K, Lucey MR. Comparison of CAGE questionnaire and computer-assisted laboratory profiles in screening for covert alcoholism. Lancet 1990;336:482-5.
47. Adams WL, Barry KL, Fleming MF. Screening for problem drinking in older primary care patients. JAMA 1996;276:1964-7.
48. Sher KJ, Gotham HJ, Erickson DJ, Wood PK. A prospective, high-risk study of the relationship between tobacco dependence and alcohol use disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996;20:485 92.
49. Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. JAMA 1990;264:2511-8.
50. Tonnesen H, Moller H, Andersen JR, Jensen E, Juel K. Cancer morbidity in alcohol abusers. Br J Cancer 1994;69:327-32.
51. Hurt RD, Offord KP, Croghan IT, et al. Mortality following inpatient addictions treatment: role of tobacco use in a community-based cohort. JAMA 1996;275:1097-103.
52. Cornel M, Knibbe RA, Knottnerus JA, Volovics A, Drop MJ. Predictors for hidden problem drinkers in general practice. Alcohol Alcohol 1996;31:28796.
53. Lesch OM, Walter H, Antal J, et al. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of alcohol intake: a study with healthy subjects. Alcohol Alcohol 1996;31:265-71.
54. Yersin B, Nicolet JF, Dercrey H, Burnier M, van Melle G, Pecoud A, Screening for excessive alcohol drinking: comparative value of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and mean corpuscular volume. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:1907-11.
55. Kessler RC, Nelson CB, McGonagle KA, Edlund MJ, Frank RG, Leaf PJ. The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: implications for prevention and service utilization. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1996;66:17-31.
56. Helzer JE, Burnam A, McEvoy LT. Alcohol abuse and dependence. In: Robins LN, Regier DA, eds. Psychiatric disorders in America: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. New York: Free Press, 1991:81-115.
57. Brown SA, Inaba RK, Gillin JC, Schuckit MA, Stewart MA, Irwin MR. Alcoholism and affective disorder: clinical course of depressive symptoms. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:45-52.
58. Rivara FP, Koepsell TD, Jurkovich GJ, Gurney JG, Soderberg R. The effects of alcohol abuse on readmission for trauma. JAMA 1993;270:1962-4.
59. Cherpitel CJ. Alcohol and casualties: a comparison of emergency room and coroner data. Alcohol Alcohol 1994;29:211 8.
60. Miller BA, Downs WR. Violent victimization among women with alcohol problems. Recent Dev Alcohol 1995;12:81-101.
61. Avins AL, Woods WJ, Lindan CP, Hudes ES, Clark W, Hulley SB. HIV infection and risk behaviors among heterosexuals in alcohol treatment programs. JAMA 1994;271:515-8.
62. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross JC. In search of how people change: applications to addictive behaviors. Am Psychol 1992;47:1102-14.
63. O'Connor PG, Selwyn PA, Schottenfeld RS. Medical care for injection-drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1994;331:450-9.
64. Samet JH, Rollnick S, Barnes H. Beyond CAGE: a brief clinical approach after detection of substance abuse. Arch Intern Med 1996;156: 2287-93.
65. Bien TH, Miller WR, Tonigan JS. Brief interventions for alcohol problems: a review. Addiction 1993;88:315-35.
66. Wilk AI, Jensen NM, Havighurst TC. Meta-analysis of randomized control trials addressing brief interventions in heavy alcohol drinkers. J Gen Intern Med 1997;12:274-83.
67. Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational interviewing: preparing people to change addictive behavior. New York: Guilford Press, 1991.
68. WHO Brief Intervention Study Group. A cross-national trial of brief interventions with heavy drinkers. Am J Public Health 1996;86:949-55.
69. Institute of Medicine. Prevention and treatment of alcohol problems: research opportunities. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1989.
70. Dawson DA. Correlates of past-year status among treated and untreated persons with former alcohol dependence: United States, 1992. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996;20:771-9.
71. Sobell LC, Cunningham JA, Sobell MB. Recovery from alcohol problems with and without treatment: prevalence in two population surveys. Am J Public Health 1996;86:966-72.
72. Watson CG, Hancock M, Malovrh P, Gearhart LP, Raden M. A 48-week natural history follow-up of alcoholics who do and do not engage in limited drinking after treatment. J Nerv Ment Dis 1996;184:623-7.
73. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with substance use disorders: alcohol, cocaine, opioids. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:Suppl:l-80.
74. Patient placement criteria for the treatment of substance-related disorders. 2nd ed. Chevy Chase, Md.: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 1996.
75. Hayashida M, Alterman AI, McLellan AT, et al. Comparative effectiveness and costs of inpatient and outpatient detoxification of patients with mildto-moderate alcohol withdrawal syndrome. N Engl J Med 1989;320:358-65.
76. Turner RC, Lichstein PR, Peden JG Jr, Busher JT, Waivers LE. Alcohol withdrawal syndromes: a review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment. J Gen Intern Med 1989;4:432-44.
77. Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict 1989;84:1353-7
78. Mayo-Smith MF. Pharmacological management of alcohol withdrawal: a meta-analysis and evidence-based practice guideline: American Society of Addiction Medicine Working Group on Pharmacological Management of Alcohol Withdrawal. JAMA 1997;278:144-51.
79. Saitz R, Friedman LS, Mayo-Smith MF. Alcohol withdrawal: a nationwide survey of inpatient treatment practices. J Gen Intern Med 1995;10: 479-87.
80. Wilson A, Vulcano BA. Double-blind trial of alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide in the management of the acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1985;9:23-7.
81. Sellers EM, Naranjo CA, Harrison M, Devenyi P, Roach C, Sykora K. Diazepam loading: simplified treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1983;34:822-6.
82. Litten RZ, Allen J, Fertig J. Pharmacotherapies for alcohol problems: a review of research with focus on developments since 1991. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996;20:859-76.
83. Saitz R, Mayo-Smith MF, Roberts MS, Redmond HA, Bernard DR, Calkins DR. Individualized treatment for alcohol withdrawal: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. JAMA 1994;272:519-23.
84. Horwitz RI, Gottlieb LD, Kraus ML. The efficacy of atenolol in the outpatient management of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome: results of a randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:1089-93.
85. DuPont RL, McGovern JP. A bridge to recovery: an introduction to 12-step programs. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, 1994.
86. McCrady BS, Irvine S. Self-help groups. In: Hester RK, Miller WR, eds. Handbook of alcoholism treatment approaches: effective alternatives. New York: Pergamon Press, 1989:153-69.
87. Emrick CD, Tonigan JS, Montgomery H, Little L. Alcoholics Anonymous: what is currently known? In: McCrady BS, Miller WR, eds. Research on Alcoholics Anonymous: opportunities and alternatives. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies, 1993:41-76.
88. Walsh DC, Hingson RW, Merrigan DM, et al. A randomized trial of treatment options for alcohol-abusing workers. N Engl J Med 1991;325:775-82.
89. Humphreys K, Moos RH. Reduced substance-abuse-related health care costs among voluntary participants in Alcoholics Anonymous. Psychiatr Serv 1996;47:709-13.
90. Chappel JN. Effective use of Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous in treating patients. Psychiatr Ann 1992;22:409-18.
91. Johnson NP, Chappel JN. Using AA and other 12-step programs more effectively. J Subst Abuse Treat 1994;11:137-42.
92. Project MATCH Research Group. Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity: Project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcomes. J Stud Alcohol 1997;58:7-29.
93. Finney JW, Hahn AC, Moos RH. The effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient treatment for alcohol abuse: the need to focus on mediators and moderators of setting effects. Addiction 1996;91:1773-96.
94. Carroll KM, Schottenfeld RS. Nonpharmacologic approaches to substance abuse treatment. Med Clin North Am 1997;81:927-44.
95. Monti PM, Abrams DB, Binkoff JA, et al. Communication skills training, communication skills training with family and cognitive behavioral mood management training for alcoholics. J Stud Alcohol 1990;51:263-70.
96. Holder HD, Longabaugh R, Miller WR, Rubonis AV. The cost effectiveness of treatment for alcoholism: a first approximation. J Stud Alcohol 1991;52:517-40.
97. O'Farrell TJ, Choquette KA, Cutter HS, Brown ED, McCourt WF. Behavioral marital therapy with and without additional couples relapse prevention sessions for alcoholics and their wives. J Stud Alcohol 1993;54:652-66.
98. Fuller RK, Branchey L, Brightwell DR, et al. Disulfiram treatment of alcoholism: a Veterans Administration cooperative study. JAMA 1986;256: 1449-55.
99. Chick J, Gough K, Falkowski W, et al. Disulfiram treatment of alcoholism. Br J Psychiatry 1992;161:84-9.
100. Kristenson H. How to get the best out of antabuse. Alcohol Alcohol 1995;30:775-83.
101. Volpicelli JR. Naltrexone in alcohol dependence. Lancet 1995;346: 456.
102. O'Malley SS, Jaffe AJ, Chang G, Schottenfeld RS, Meyer RE, Rounsaville B. Naltrexone and coping skills therapy for alcohol dependence: a controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:881-7.
103. Volpicelli JR, Alterman AI, Hayashida M, O'Brien CP. Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:876-80.
104. O'Malley SS, Croop RS, Wroblewski JM, Labriola DF, Volpicelli JR. Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a combined analysis of two trials. Psychiatr Ann 1995;25:681-8.
105. Sass H, Soyka M, Mann K, Zieglgansberger W. Relapse prevention by acamprosate: results from a placebo-controlled study on alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:673-80. [Erratum, Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:1097]
106. Whitworth AB, Fischer F, Lesch OM, et al. Comparison of acamprosate and placebo in long-term treatment of alcohol dependence. Lancet 1996;347:1438-42.
107. Paille FM, Guelfi JD, Perkins AC, Royer RJ, Steru L, Parot P Doubleblind randomized multicentre trial of acamprosate in maintaining abstinence from alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol 1995;30:239-47.
108. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to clinical preventive services: report of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
109. Gerstein DR, Lewin LS. Treating drug problems. N Engl J Med 1990;323:844-8.
110. Langenbucher J. Rx for health care costs: resolving addictions in the general medical setting. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1994;18:1033-6.
111. McCrady BS, Langenbucher JW. Alcohol treatment and health care system reform. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:737-46.