A 6-basepair insert in the reverse transcriptase gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 confers resistance to multiple nucleoside inhibitors

Journal of Clinical Investigation

Volumn 102, Issue 10, 1998, Pages 1769-1775

  Winters, Mark A ^a   Coolley, Kristi L ^a   Girard, Yvette A ^a   Levee, Darcy J ^a   Hamdan, Hasnah ^b   Shafer, Robert W ^a   Katzenstein, David A ^a   Merigan, Thomas C ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b QUEST DIAGNOSTICS NICHOLS INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Drug resistance; Genotype; Human; Microbial; Mutation; Phenotype

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; LAMIVUDINE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

ARTICLE; GENE INSERTION; GENOTYPE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SITE DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; VIRUS GENE; VIRUS MUTATION;

EID: 0032533207     PISSN: 00219738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1172/JCI4948     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Carpenter, C.C.J., M.A. Fischl, S.M. Hammer, M.S. Hirsch, D.M. Jacobsen, D.A. Katzenstein, J.S.G. Montaner, D.D. Richman, M.S. Saag, R.T. Schooley, et al. 1998. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in 1998: updated recommendations of the international AIDS society-USA panel. JAMA. 280: 78-86.
2. Hirsch, M.S., B. Conway, R.T. D'Aquila, V.A. Johnson, F. Brun-Vezinet, B. Clotet, L.M. Demeter, S.M. Hammer, D.M. Jacobsen, D.R. Kuritzkes, et al. 1998. Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adults with HIV infection: implications for clinical management. JAMA. 279:1984-1991.
3. Schinazi, R.F., B.A. Larder, and J.W. Mellors. 1997. Mutations in retroviral genes associated with drug resistance. Inter. Antiviral News. 5:2-14.
4. Kellam, P., C.A. Boucher, and B.A. Larder. 1992. Fifth mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase contributes to the development of high-level resistance to zidovudine. PNAS. 89:1934-1938.
5. Larder, B.A., G. Darby, and D.D. Richman. 1989. HIV with reduced sensitivity to zidovudine (AZT) isolated during prolonged therapy. Science. 243: 1731-1734.
6. Tantillo, C., J. Ding, A. Jacobo-Molina, R.G. Nanni, P.L. Boyer, S.H. Hughes, R. Pauwels, K. Andries, P.A.J. Janssen, and E. Arnold. 1994. Locations of anti-AIDS drug binding sites and resistance mutations in the three dimensional structure of HIV-1 RT. J. Mol. Biol. 243:369-387.
7. De Antoni, A., A. Foli, J. Lisziewicz, and F. Lori. 1997. Mutations in the pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in infected patients receiving didanosine and hydroxyurea combination therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 176:899-903.
8. Nijhuis, M., C.A. Boucher, and R. Schuurman. 1995. Sensitive procedure for amplification of HIV-1 RNA using a combined reverse transcription and amplification reaction. BioTechniques. 19:178-182.
9. Myers, G., B.T. Korber, S. Wain-Hobson, R. Smith, and G.N. Pavlakas. 1995. Human retroviruses and AIDS: a compilation and analysis of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group T-10, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (http://hiv-web.lanl.gov).
10. Learn, Jr., G.H., B.T. Korber, B. Foley, B.H. Hahn, S.M. Wolinsky, and J.I. Mullins. 1996. Maintaining the integrity of human immunodeficiency virus sequence databases. J. Virol. 70:5220-5230.
11. Winters, M.A., R.W. Shafer, R.A. Jellinger, G. Mamtora, T. Gingeras, and T.C. Merigan. 1997. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase genotype and drug susceptibility changes in infected individuals receiving dideoxyinosine monotherapy for 1 to 2 years. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:757-762.
12. Ausubel, F.M., R. Brent, R.E. Kingston, D.D. Moore, J.G. Seidman, J.A. Smith, and K. Struhl. 1987. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 8.1.1-8.1.6.
13. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. 1997. Virology Manual for HIV Laboratories. Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (http://www.niaid.nih.gov./daids/vir_manual).
14. Fitzgibbon, J.E., R.M. Howell, C.A. Haberzettl, S.J. Sperber, D.J. Gocke, and D.T. Dubin. 1992. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol gene mutations which cause decreased susceptibility to 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:153-157.
15. Hooker, D.J., G. Tachedjian, A.E. Solomon, A.D. Gurusinghe, S. Land, C. Birch, J.L. Anderson, B.M. Roy, E. Arnold, and N.J. Deacon. 1996. An in vivo mutation from leucine to tryptophan at position 210 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase contributes to high-level resistance to 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine. J. Virol. 70:8010-8018.
16. Larder, B.A., A. Kohli, S. Bloor, S.D. Kemp, P.R. Harrigan, R.T. Schooley, J.M. Lange, K.N. Pennington, and M.H. St. Clair. 1996. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug susceptibility during zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy compared with AZT plus 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine or AZT plus 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine combination therapy. The protocol 34,225-02 Collaborative Group. J. Virol. 70:5922-5929.
17. St. Clair, M.H., J.L. Martin, G. Tudor-Williams, M.C. Bach, C.L. Vavro, D.M. King, P. Kellam, S.D. Kemp, and B.A. Larder. 1991. Resistance to ddI and sensitivity to AZT induced by a mutation in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Science. 253:1557-1559.
18. Gu, Z., H. Salomon, J.M. Cherrington, A.S. Mulato, M.S. Chen, R. Yarchoan, A. Foli, K.M. Sogocio, and M.A. Wainberg. 1995. K65R mutation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase encodes cross-resistance to 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1888-1891.
19. Tidsale, M., S.D. Kemp, N.R. Parry, and B.A. Larder. 1993. Rapid in vitro selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3′-thiacytidine inhibitors due to a mutation in the YMDD region of reverse transcriptase. PNAS. 90:5653-5656.
20. Schinazi, R.F., R.M. Lloyd, Jr., M.-H. Nguyen, D.L. Cannon, A. McMillan, N. Ikdsoy, C.K. Chu, D.C. Liotta, H.Z. Bazmi, and J.W. Mellors. 1993. Characterization of human immunodeficiency viruses resistant to oxathiolanecytosine nucleosides. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:875-881.
21. Lacey, S.F., and B.A. Larder. 1994. Novel mutation (V75T) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase confers resistance to 2′,3′-didehycro-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine in cell culture. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:1428-1432.
22. DeJong, J.J., S. Jurriaans, J. Goudsmit, E. Baan, R. Huismans, S. Danner, M. Hillebrand, J.H. ten Veen, and F. de Wolf. 1998. Insertion of two amino acids in reverse transcriptase during antiretroviral combination therapy: implications for resistance against nucleoside RT inhibitors. 2nd International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance and Treatment Strategies, Lake Maggiore, Italy. Abstract #18.
23. Bloor, S., K. Hertogs, R.L. Desmer, R. Pauwels, and B.A. Larder. 1998. Virological basis for HIV-1 resistance to stavudine investigated by analysis of clinical samples. 2nd International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance and Treatment Strategies, Lake Maggiore, Italy. Abstract #15.
24. Whitcomb, J.M., K. Limoli, T. Wrin, D. Smith, H. Tian, N. Parkin, Y.S. Lie, and C.J. Petropoulos. 1998. Phenotypic and genotpyic analysis of stavudine-resistant isolates of HIV-1. 2nd International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance and Treatment Strategies, Lake Maggiore, Italy. Abstract #17.
25. Shafer, R.W., A.K.N. Iversen, M.A. Winters, E. Aguiniga, D.A. Katzenstein, T.C. Merigan, and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 143 Virology Team. 1995. Drug resistance and heterogeneous long-term virologie responses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected subjects to zidovudine and didanosine combination therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 172:70-78.
26. Shirasaka, T., M.F. Kavlick, T. Ueno, W.-Y. Gao, E. Kaojima, M.L. Alcaide, S. Chockekuchai, B.M. Roy, E. Arnold, R. Yarchoan, et al. 1995. Emergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with resistance to multiple dideoxynucleosides in patients receiving therapy with dideoxynucleosides. PNAS. 92:2398-2402.
27. Iversen, A.K.N., R.W. Shafer, K. Wehrly, M.A. Winters, J.I. Mullins, B. Chesebro, and T.C. Merigan. 1996. Multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains resulting from combination antiretroviral therapy. J. Virol. 70:1086-1090.
28. Boyer, P.L., C. Tantillo, A. Jacobo-Molino, R.G. Nanni, J. Ding, E. Arnold, and S.H. Hughes. 1994. The sensitivity of wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase to dideoxynucleotides depends on template length: the sensitivity of drug-resistant mutants does not. PNAS. 91: 4881-4886.
29. Arts, E.J., and M.A. Wainberg. 1996. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and early events in reverse transcription. Adv. Virus Res. 46:97-163.
30. Abbotts, J., K. Bebenek, T.A. Kunkel, and S.H. Wilson. 1993. Mechanism of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: termination of processive synthesis on a natural DNA template is influenced by the sequence of the template-primer stem. J. Biol. Chem. 268:10312-10323.
31. Bebenek, K., J. Abbotts, S.H. Wilson, and T.A. Kunkel. 1993. Error-prone polymerization by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: contribution of template-primer misalignment, miscoding and termination probability to mutational hot spots. J. Biol. Chem. 268:10324-10334.
32. Bebenek, K., J.D. Roberts, and T.A. Kunkel. 1992. The effects of dNTP pool imbalances on frameshift fidelity during DNA replication. J. Biol. Chem. 267:3589-3596.