메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 207-215

Identification of functional subsets by flow cytometry: Intracellular detection of cytokine expression

Author keywords

Activation; Antigen; Cytokines; Flow cytometry; Intracellular

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE;

EID: 0032532196     PISSN: 01964763     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19981015)34:5<207::AID-CYTO1>3.0.CO;2-J     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (195)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0002691803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common and uncommon features of cytokines and cytokine receptors: An overview
    • Aggarwal BB, Puri RK, eds. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science
    • Aggarwal BB, Puri RK: Common and uncommon features of cytokines and cytokine receptors: an overview. In: Aggarwal BB, Puri RK, eds. Human Cytokines: Their Role in Disease and Therapy. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science, 1998, p 3-24
    • (1998) Human Cytokines: Their Role in Disease and Therapy , pp. 3-24
    • Aggarwal, B.1    Puri, R.K.2
  • 2
    • 0002189999 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological regulation of the production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1-β
    • Aggarwal B, Puri RK, eds. Blackwell Science
    • Allison AC, Lee JC, Eugui EM: Pharmacological regulation of the production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1-β. In Aggarwal B, Puri RK, eds. Human cytokines: their role in disease and therapy. Blackwell Science, 1995. p 689-713.
    • (1995) Human Cytokines: Their Role in Disease and Therapy , pp. 689-713
    • Allison, A.C.1    Lee, J.C.2    Eugui, E.M.3
  • 3
    • 0028267766 scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric determination of cytokines in activated murine T helper lymphocytes: Expression of IL-10 in interferon-γ and IL-4-expressing cells
    • Assenmacher M, Schmitz J, Radbruch A:. Flow cytometric determination of cytokines in activated murine T helper lymphocytes: expression of IL-10 in interferon-γ and IL-4-expressing cells. Eur J Immunol 24:1097-1101, 1994.
    • (1994) Eur J Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 1097-1101
    • Assenmacher, M.1    Schmitz, J.2    Radbruch, A.3
  • 4
    • 0022508713 scopus 로고
    • Control of cachectin (tumor necrosis factor) synthesis: Mechanism of endotoxin resistance
    • Beutler B, Krochin N, Milsark IW, et al.: Control of cachectin (tumor necrosis factor) synthesis: mechanism of endotoxin resistance. Science 232:977-980, 1988.
    • (1988) Science , vol.232 , pp. 977-980
    • Beutler, B.1    Krochin, N.2    Milsark, I.W.3
  • 5
    • 0023260783 scopus 로고
    • Limiting dilution analysis of the human T cell response to mycobacterial antigens from BCG vaccinated individuals and leprosy patients
    • Brett S, Kingston AS, Colston MJ: Limiting dilution analysis of the human T cell response to mycobacterial antigens from BCG vaccinated individuals and leprosy patients. Clin Exp Immunol 68:510-520, 1987.
    • (1987) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.68 , pp. 510-520
    • Brett, S.1    Kingston, A.S.2    Colston, M.J.3
  • 6
    • 0027340164 scopus 로고
    • A TH1 to TH2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection
    • Clerici M, Shearer GM: A TH1 to TH2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection. Immunology Today 14:107, 1993
    • (1993) Immunology Today , vol.14 , pp. 107
    • Clerici, M.1    Shearer, G.M.2
  • 7
    • 0027526657 scopus 로고
    • Changes in interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 production in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals
    • Clerici M, Hakim FT, Venzon DJ, Blatt S, Hendrix CW, Wynn TA, Shearer GM: Changes in interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 production in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals. J Clin Invest 91:759-765, 1993.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.91 , pp. 759-765
    • Clerici, M.1    Hakim, F.T.2    Venzon, D.J.3    Blatt, S.4    Hendrix, C.W.5    Wynn, T.A.6    Shearer, G.M.7
  • 8
    • 0024421974 scopus 로고
    • Enumeration of viral antigen-reactive helper T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood by limiting dilution for analysis of viral antigen-reactive T-cell pools in virus-seropositive and virus-seronegative individuals
    • Clouse KA, Adams PW, Orosz CG: Enumeration of viral antigen-reactive helper T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood by limiting dilution for analysis of viral antigen-reactive T-cell pools in virus-seropositive and virus-seronegative individuals. J Clin Micro 27:2316-2323, 1989.
    • (1989) J Clin Micro , vol.27 , pp. 2316-2323
    • Clouse, K.A.1    Adams, P.W.2    Orosz, C.G.3
  • 9
    • 0022472749 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is an endogenous pyrogen and induces production of interleukin 1
    • Dinarello CA, Cannon JG, Wolff SM, et al.: Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is an endogenous pyrogen and induces production of interleukin 1 J Exp Med 163:1433-1450, 1986.
    • (1986) J Exp Med , vol.163 , pp. 1433-1450
    • Dinarello, C.A.1    Cannon, J.G.2    Wolff, S.M.3
  • 10
    • 0023953471 scopus 로고
    • Biology of interleukin 1
    • Dinarello CA: Biology of interleukin 1. FASEB J 2:108-115, 1988.
    • (1988) FASEB J , vol.2 , pp. 108-115
    • Dinarello, C.A.1
  • 11
    • 0031923938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel approach for simultaneous evaluation of cell phenotype, apoptosis, and cell cycle using multiparameter flow cytometry
    • Douglas RS, Pletcher CH Jr, Nowell PC, Moore JS: Novel approach for simultaneous evaluation of cell phenotype, apoptosis, and cell cycle using multiparameter flow cytometry. Cytometry 32:57-65, 1998.
    • (1998) Cytometry , vol.32 , pp. 57-65
    • Douglas, R.S.1    Pletcher Jr., C.H.2    Nowell, P.C.3    Moore, J.S.4
  • 12
    • 0027488482 scopus 로고
    • Number of interleukin-4 and interferon-g-secreting human T cells reactive with tetanus toxoid and the mycobacterial antigen PPD or phytohemagglutinin: Distinct response profiles depending on the type of antigen used for activation
    • El-Ghazali GEB, Paulie S, Andersson G, Hansson Y, Holmquist G, Sun JB, Olsson T, Ekre HP, Troye-Blomberg M: Number of interleukin-4 and interferon-g-secreting human T cells reactive with tetanus toxoid and the mycobacterial antigen PPD or phytohemagglutinin: distinct response profiles depending on the type of antigen used for activation. Eur J Immunol 23:2740-2745, 1993.
    • (1993) Eur J Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 2740-2745
    • El-Ghazali, G.E.B.1    Paulie, S.2    Andersson, G.3    Hansson, Y.4    Holmquist, G.5    Sun, J.B.6    Olsson, T.7    Ekre, H.P.8    Troye-Blomberg, M.9
  • 13
    • 0029034014 scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric analysis for cytokine production identifies T helper 1, T helper 2, and T helper 0 cells within the human CD4+CD27- lymphocyte subpopulation
    • Elson LH, Nutman TB, Metcalfe DD, Prussin C: Flow cytometric analysis for cytokine production identifies T helper 1, T helper 2, and T helper 0 cells within the human CD4+CD27- lymphocyte subpopulation. J Immunol 154: 4294-4299, 1995.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.154 , pp. 4294-4299
    • Elson, L.H.1    Nutman, T.B.2    Metcalfe, D.D.3    Prussin, C.4
  • 14
    • 0024822793 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to cachectin/ tumor necrosis factor reduce interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 appearance during lethal bacteremia
    • Fong Y, Tracey KJ, Moldawater LL, et al.: Antibodies to cachectin/ tumor necrosis factor reduce interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 appearance during lethal bacteremia. J Exp Med 170:1627-1633, 1989.
    • (1989) J Exp Med , vol.170 , pp. 1627-1633
    • Fong, Y.1    Tracey, K.J.2    Moldawater, L.L.3
  • 16
    • 0025884381 scopus 로고
    • IL-4 suppresses IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, and PGE2 production by human peritoneal macrophages
    • Hart PH, Cooper RL, Finlay-Jones JJ: IL-4 suppresses IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, and PGE2 production by human peritoneal macrophages. Immunology 72:344-349, 1991.
    • (1991) Immunology , vol.72 , pp. 344-349
    • Hart, P.H.1    Cooper, R.L.2    Finlay-Jones, J.J.3
  • 17
    • 0023912918 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine appearance in human endotoxemia and non-human primate bacteremia
    • Hesse DG, Tracey KG, Fong Y, et al.: Cytokine appearance in human endotoxemia and non-human primate bacteremia. Surg Gynecol Obstet 166:147-153, 1988.
    • (1988) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.166 , pp. 147-153
    • Hesse, D.G.1    Tracey, K.G.2    Fong, Y.3
  • 18
    • 0002813831 scopus 로고
    • Role of cytokines in lymphocyte functions
    • Aggarwal BB, Puri RK, eds. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science
    • Hillman GG, Haas GP: Role of cytokines in lymphocyte functions. In: Aggarwal BB, Puri RK, eds. Human Cytokines: Their Role in Disease and Therapy. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science, 1995, p. 37.
    • (1995) Human Cytokines: Their Role in Disease and Therapy , pp. 37
    • Hillman, G.G.1    Haas, G.P.2
  • 19
    • 0027469563 scopus 로고
    • Detection of intracellular cytokines by flow cytometry
    • Jung T, Schaur U, Heusser C, Neumann C, et. al.: Detection of intracellular cytokines by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 159: 197-207, 1993.
    • (1993) J Immunol Methods , vol.159 , pp. 197-207
    • Jung, T.1    Schaur, U.2    Heusser, C.3    Neumann, C.4
  • 20
    • 0030971242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of the Th1 to Th2 cytokine shift during the course of HIV-1 infection using cytoplasmic cytokine detection on single cell level by How cytometry
    • Klein SA, Dobmeyer JM, Dobmeyer JS, Pape M, Ottmann OG. Hlem EB, Hoelzer D. Demonstration of the Th1 to Th2 cytokine shift during the course of HIV-1 infection using cytoplasmic cytokine detection on single cell level by How cytometry. AIDS 11-1111-1118, 1997.
    • (1997) AIDS , vol.11 , pp. 1111-1118
    • Klein, S.A.1    Dobmeyer, J.M.2    Dobmeyer, J.S.3    Pape, M.4    Ottmann, O.G.5    Hlem, E.B.6    Hoelzer, D.7
  • 21
    • 43949165663 scopus 로고
    • Activation-induced cell death (apoptosis) of mature peripheral T lymphocytes
    • Kabelitz D, Pohl T, Pechhold K: Activation-induced cell death (apoptosis) of mature peripheral T lymphocytes. Immunology Today 14:338-339, 1993.
    • (1993) Immunology Today , vol.14 , pp. 338-339
    • Kabelitz, D.1    Pohl, T.2    Pechhold, K.3
  • 25
    • 0028231751 scopus 로고
    • Th2 cells: Help for helminths
    • Locksley R: Th2 cells: help for helminths. J Exp Med 179:1405, 1994.
    • (1994) J Exp Med , vol.179 , pp. 1405
    • Locksley, R.1
  • 27
    • 0002284968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric method for analysis of cytokine expression in clinical samples
    • Maino VC, Ruitenberg JJ, Suni MA: Flow cytometric method for analysis of cytokine expression in clinical samples. Clin Immunol Newsletter 16: 95-99, 1996.
    • (1996) Clin Immunol Newsletter , vol.16 , pp. 95-99
    • Maino, V.C.1    Ruitenberg, J.J.2    Suni, M.A.3
  • 30
    • 0023893831 scopus 로고
    • Detection of circulating tumor necrosis factor after endotoxin administration
    • Michie HR, Manogue KR, Spriggs DR, et al.: Detection of circulating tumor necrosis factor after endotoxin administration. New Engl J Med 318:1481-1486, 1988
    • (1988) New Engl J Med , vol.318 , pp. 1481-1486
    • Michie, H.R.1    Manogue, K.R.2    Spriggs, D.R.3
  • 31
    • 0024551090 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor stimulate human vascular endothelial cells to promote transendothelial neutrophil passage
    • Moser R, Scheiffenaum B, Groscurth P, Fehr J: Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor stimulate human vascular endothelial cells to promote transendothelial neutrophil passage. J Clin Invest 83:444-455, 1989.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.83 , pp. 444-455
    • Moser, R.1    Scheiffenaum, B.2    Groscurth, P.3    Fehr, J.4
  • 32
    • 0344140225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 1 induces a shock-like state in rabbits: Synergism with tumor necrosis factor and the effect of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition
    • Okusawa S, Gelfand JA, Ikejima T, Connally RJ, Dinarello CA: Interleukin 1 induces a shock-like state in rabbits: synergism with tumor necrosis factor and the effect of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. J Clin Invest 81:1162-1172, 1998.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.81 , pp. 1162-1172
    • Okusawa, S.1    Gelfand, J.A.2    Ikejima, T.3    Connally, R.J.4    Dinarello, C.A.5
  • 33
    • 0028877056 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of intracellular cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level in polarized T helper 1 and T helper 2 populations
    • Openshaw P, Murphy KE, Hosken NA, Maino VC, et al.: Heterogeneity of intracellular cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level in polarized T helper 1 and T helper 2 populations. J Exp Med 182:1357-1367, 1995.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.182 , pp. 1357-1367
    • Openshaw, P.1    Murphy, K.E.2    Hosken, N.A.3    Maino, V.C.4
  • 34
    • 0027236482 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine secretion by CD4 T lymphocytes acquired in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
    • Orme IM, Roberts AD, Griffin JP, Abrams JS: Cytokine secretion by CD4 T lymphocytes acquired in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Immunol 151: 518-525, 1993.
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 518-525
    • Orme, I.M.1    Roberts, A.D.2    Griffin, J.P.3    Abrams, J.S.4
  • 35
    • 0028179006 scopus 로고
    • Lymphocyte responses and cytokines
    • Paul WE, Seder RA: Lymphocyte responses and cytokines. Cell 76:241-251, 1994.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 241-251
    • Paul, W.E.1    Seder, R.A.2
  • 37
    • 0029148642 scopus 로고
    • Direct demonstration of cytokine synthesis heterogeneity among human memory/effector T cells by flow cytometry
    • Picker LJ, Singh MK, Zdraveski Z. et. al.: Direct demonstration of cytokine synthesis heterogeneity among human memory/effector T cells by flow cytometry. Blood 86:1408-1419, 1995
    • (1995) Blood , vol.86 , pp. 1408-1419
    • Picker, L.J.1    Singh, M.K.2    Zdraveski, Z.3
  • 39
    • 0025046751 scopus 로고
    • Shedding of tumor necrosis factor receptors by activated human neutrophils
    • Porteau F, Nathan CF: Shedding of tumor necrosis factor receptors by activated human neutrophils J Exp Med 172:599-607, 1990.
    • (1990) J Exp Med , vol.172 , pp. 599-607
    • Porteau, F.1    Nathan, C.F.2
  • 40
    • 0029586280 scopus 로고
    • Detection of intracytoplasmic cytokine using flow cytometry and directly conjugated anti-cytokine antibodies
    • Prussin C, Metcalfe DD: Detection of intracytoplasmic cytokine using flow cytometry and directly conjugated anti-cytokine antibodies. J Immunol Methods 188:117-128, 1995.
    • (1995) J Immunol Methods , vol.188 , pp. 117-128
    • Prussin, C.1    Metcalfe, D.D.2
  • 41
    • 0026515770 scopus 로고
    • A common precursor for CD44+ T cells producing IL-2 or IL-4
    • Rocken M, Saurat J-H, Hauser C: A common precursor for CD44+ T cells producing IL-2 or IL-4. J Immunol 148:1031-1036, 1992
    • (1992) J Immunol , vol.148 , pp. 1031-1036
    • Rocken, M.1    Saurat, J.-H.2    Hauser, C.3
  • 43
    • 0027769731 scopus 로고
    • Similar frequencies and kinetics of cytokine producing cells in murine peripheral blood and spleen: Cytokine detection by immunoassay and intracellular immunostaining
    • Sander B, Hoiden I. Andersson U: Similar frequencies and kinetics of cytokine producing cells in murine peripheral blood and spleen: cytokine detection by immunoassay and intracellular immunostaining. J Immunol Methods 166:201-214, 1993
    • (1993) J Immunol Methods , vol.166 , pp. 201-214
    • Sander, B.1    Hoiden, I.2    Andersson, U.3
  • 44
    • 0027423963 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the requirement of antigen-presenting cells for long-term growth among cytomegalovirus-specific Th clonotypes
    • Santamaria P, Lewis C, Barbosa JJ: Differences in the requirement of antigen-presenting cells for long-term growth among cytomegalovirus-specific Th clonotypes. Eur J Immunol 23:2972-2979, 1993.
    • (1993) Eur J Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 2972-2979
    • Santamaria, P.1    Lewis, C.2    Barbosa, J.J.3
  • 45
    • 0027156812 scopus 로고
    • + T helper cell subsets
    • + T helper cell subsets. Curr Opin Immunol 5:391-397, 1993
    • (1993) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 391-397
    • Scott, P.1
  • 47
    • 0026708718 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of immunity to parasites by T cells and T cell-derived cytokines
    • Sher A, Coffman RL: Regulation of immunity to parasites by T cells and T cell-derived cytokines. Annu Rev Immunol 10:385-409, 1992.
    • (1992) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 385-409
    • Sher, A.1    Coffman, R.L.2
  • 48
    • 0026737258 scopus 로고
    • Release of soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor in relation to circulating TNF during experimental endotoxemia
    • Spinas GA, Keller U, Brockhaus M: Release of soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor in relation to circulating TNF during experimental endotoxemia. J Clin Invest 90:533-536, 1992.
    • (1992) J Clin Invest , vol.90 , pp. 533-536
    • Spinas, G.A.1    Keller, U.2    Brockhaus, M.3
  • 49
    • 0026032553 scopus 로고
    • Functional diversity of T lymphocytes due to secretion of different cytokine patterns
    • Street NE, Mosmann TR: Functional diversity of T lymphocytes due to secretion of different cytokine patterns. FASEB J 5:171, 1991.
    • (1991) FASEB J , vol.5 , pp. 171
    • Street, N.E.1    Mosmann, T.R.2
  • 50
    • 17144457321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of antigen-specific T cell cytokine expression in whole blood by flow cytometry
    • Suni MA, Picker LJ, Maino VC: Detection of antigen-specific T cell cytokine expression in whole blood by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 212:89-98, 1998.
    • (1998) J Immunol Methods , vol.212 , pp. 89-98
    • Suni, M.A.1    Picker, L.J.2    Maino, V.C.3
  • 51
    • 0028240682 scopus 로고
    • Th1/Th2 profiles in tuberculosis, based on the proliferation and cytokine response of blood lymphocytes to mycobacterial antigens
    • Surcel HM, Troye-Blomberg M, Paulie S, Anderson G, Moreno C, Pasvol G, Ivanyi J: Th1/Th2 profiles in tuberculosis, based on the proliferation and cytokine response of blood lymphocytes to mycobacterial antigens. Immunology 81:171-176, 1994
    • (1994) Immunology , vol.81 , pp. 171-176
    • Surcel, H.M.1    Troye-Blomberg, M.2    Paulie, S.3    Anderson, G.4    Moreno, C.5    Pasvol, G.6    Ivanyi, J.7
  • 53
    • 0031570103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired lymphokine secretion in anergic CD4+ T cell lead to defective help for B cell growth and differentiation
    • Tclander DG, Mueller DL: Impaired lymphokine secretion in anergic CD4+ T cell lead to defective help for B cell growth and differentiation. J Immunol 158:4704-4713, 1997.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 4704-4713
    • Telander, D.G.1    Mueller, D.L.2
  • 54
    • 0029128607 scopus 로고
    • Detection of cytokine producing cells in the synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Ulfgren AK, Lindblad S, Klareskog L, Andersson J, Andersson U: Detection of cytokine producing cells in the synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 54:654-661, 1995.
    • (1995) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.54 , pp. 654-661
    • Ulfgren, A.K.1    Lindblad, S.2    Klareskog, L.3    Andersson, J.4    Andersson, U.5
  • 56
    • 0031985647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annexin V-affinity assay: A review on an apoptosis detection system based on phosphatidylserine exposure
    • van Engeland M, Nieland LJ, Ramackers FC, Schutte B, Reutelingsperger CP: Annexin V-affinity assay: a review on an apoptosis detection system based on phosphatidylserine exposure. Cytometry 31:1-9, 1998
    • (1998) Cytometry , vol.31 , pp. 1-9
    • Van Engeland, M.1    Nieland, L.J.2    Ramackers, F.C.3    Schutte, B.4    Reutelingsperger, C.P.5
  • 57
    • 0031936570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal intracellular IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production as HIV-1 associated markers of immune dysfunction
    • Westby M, arriott JB, Guckian M, Cookson S, Hay P, Dalgleish AG: Abnormal intracellular IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production as HIV-1 associated markers of immune dysfunction. Clin Exp Immunol 111: 257-263, 1998.
    • (1998) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.111 , pp. 257-263
    • Westby, M.1    Arriott, J.B.2    Guckian, M.3    Cookson, S.4    Hay, P.5    Dalgleish, A.G.6
  • 58
    • 0030891988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of antigen-specific memory/effector CD4+ T cell frequencies by flow cytometry
    • Waldrop SL, Pitcher CJ, Peterson DM, Maino VC, Picker LJ: Determination of antigen-specific memory/effector CD4+ T cell frequencies by flow cytometry. J Clin Invest 99:1739-1750, 1997.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.99 , pp. 1739-1750
    • Waldrop, S.L.1    Pitcher, C.J.2    Peterson, D.M.3    Maino, V.C.4    Picker, L.J.5
  • 59
    • 0032533461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal human CD4+ memory T cells display broad heterogeneity in their activation threshold for cytokine synthesis
    • in press
    • Waldrop SL, Davis KA, Maino VC, Picker LJ: Normal human CD4+ memory T cells display broad heterogeneity in their activation threshold for cytokine synthesis. J Immunol 1998; (in press).
    • (1998) J Immunol
    • Waldrop, S.L.1    Davis, K.A.2    Maino, V.C.3    Picker, L.J.4
  • 60
    • 0001769775 scopus 로고
    • T lymphocyte activation
    • Paul WE. ed: New York, Raven Press
    • Weiss A: T lymphocyte activation. In: Paul WE. ed: Fundamental Immunology, 3rd ed. New York, Raven Press, 1993, p 467-504.
    • (1993) Fundamental Immunology, 3rd Ed. , pp. 467-504
    • Weiss, A.1
  • 61
    • 0029149596 scopus 로고
    • Control of CD4 effector fate: Transforming growth factor b1 and interleukin 2 synergize to prevent apoptosis and promote effector expansion
    • Zhang X, Giangreco L, Broome HE, Dargan CM, Swain SL: Control of CD4 effector fate: transforming growth factor b1 and interleukin 2 synergize to prevent apoptosis and promote effector expansion. J Exp Med 182:699-709, 1995.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.182 , pp. 699-709
    • Zhang, X.1    Giangreco, L.2    Broome, H.E.3    Dargan, C.M.4    Swain, S.L.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.