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Independently segregating loci or the HLA-DQa locus were used to evaluate the identity of patient specimens. The former included HLA-DQA1, low-density lipoprotein receptor, glycophorin A, hemoglobin G gammaglobin, D7S8, and a group-specific component (GC) (AmpliType PM PCR Amplification and Typing Kit, Perkin-Elmer, Foster City, CA). The combined power of discrimination for these six markers for Caucasians in the United States is 0.9997. Discordance of the HLA-DQA1 loci (Amplitype HLA DQa Amplification and Typing Kit, Perkin-Elmer) among the CDC infant's specimens was taken to indicate specimen mislabeling. When an infant's specimens had concordant HLA-DQa loci, the env sequences in each specimen were examined by phylogenetic analysis.
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We thank J. Conroy for performing PCR assays; E. Abrams, M. S. Ortoff, R. C. Reichman, L. M. Demeter, J. S. Lambert, R. Dolin, R. Sperling, D. Shapiro, G. McSherry, and the Ariel Project and ACTG 076 investigators for critical patient specimens; D. Swofford for use of computer program PAUP*, version 4.0.0d63; and C. B. Wilson and K. K. Holmes for editorial contributions. This work was supported by grants from the Pediatric AIDS Foundation (500153-10-PGT, 50366-14-PGR, 55516-ARI, 55529-ARI, 55525-ARI, 55532-ARI, 55526-ARI, 55531-ARI, and 55522-ARI), the U.S. Public Health Service (UO1-27658, Al32910, Al27757, and Al35539), and the Foster Foundation.
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