Dislocation nucleation at nano-scale mechanical contacts

Acta Materialia

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 391-396

  Michalske, T A ^a   Houston, J E ^a  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISLOCATIONS (CRYSTALS); ELASTOPLASTICITY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION; NUCLEATION; SINGLE CRYSTALS; STRESS ANALYSIS; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

INTERFACIAL FORCE MICROSCOPY; MECHANICAL CONTACTS;

GOLD;

EID: 0032484318     PISSN: 13596454     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00270-X     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Rice, J. R., J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1992, 40, 239.
2. Kosevich, A. M., in Dislocations in Solids, Ch. 1, ed. F. R. N. Nabarro. North-Holland. New York, 1979.
3. Field, J. S. and Swain, M. V., J. Mater. Res., 1995, 10, 101.
4. Page, T. F., Oliver, W. C. and McHargue, C. J., J. Mater. Res, 1992, 7, 450.
5. Oliver, W. C. and Pharr, G. M., J. Mater. Res, 1992, 7, 1564.
6. Swain, M. V. and Menvik, J., Thin Solid Films, 1994, 253, 204.
7. Kulkarni, A. V. and Bhushan, B., Mater. Lett., 1996, 29, 221.
8. Bhushan, B. and Koinkar, V. N., Appl. Phys. Lett., 1994, 64, 1653.
9. Tangyunyong, P. et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 1993, 71, 3319.
10. Thomas, R. C., Houston, J. E., Michalske, T. A. and Crooks, R. M., Science, 1993, 259, 1883.
11. Salmeron, M. et al., Langmuir, 1992, 8, 2832.
12. Pethica, J. B. and Tabor, D., Surf. Sci., 1979, 89, 182.
13. Gane, N. and Bowden, F. P., J. appl. Phys., 1968, 39, 1432.
14. Gane, N., Proc. R. Soc. Lond., 1970, A317, 367.
15. Kelly, A. and Macmillan, N. H., Strong Solids. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986.
16. Joyce, S. A. and Houston, J. E., Rev. Scient. Instrum., 1991, 62, 710.
17. Houston, J. E. and Michalske, T. A., Nature, 1992, 356, 266.
18. Joyce, S. A., Thomas, R. C., Houston, J. E., Michalske, T. A. and Crooks, R. M., Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992, 69, 2790.
19. Thomas, R. C., Tangyunyong, P., Houston, J. E., Michalske, T. A. and Crooks, R. M., J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 4493.
20. Tangyunyong, P. et al., J. Adh. Sci. Technol., 1994, 8, 897.
21. Hertz, H., J. Reine Angew. Math., 1882, 92, 156.
22. Houston, J. E., Michalske, T. A. and Crooks, R. M., in 20th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion Society. The Adhesion Society, Hilton-Head, SC, 1997.
23. The unique mechanical properties of the thiol monolayer are described in earlier work [18]. Upon close inspection, their effort can be seen as a small hysteresis loop in the region of the loading curves within about 10 Å of the initial contact (see Fig. 1). The Hertzian fit slightly deviates from the loading curve in this region.
24. For a discussion of the effects of anisotropy on the indentation results see e.g., Vlassak, J. J. and Nix, W. D., J. Mech. Phys. Solid, 1994, 42, 1223.
25. Johnson, K. L., Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985.
26. The thiol monolayer chemically changes the Au surface, as evidenced by the removal of the herringbone reconstruction of the clean Au(111) surface by monolayer adsorption (Poirier G. E., Pylant E. D., Science, 1996, 272, 1145). Thus, the level of stress on the Au interfacial surface is changed and this could play a subtle role in our mechanical measurements. However, we have assumed that this would affect all measurements the same and would not appreciably change the scaling that we observe with respect to probe-tip radius..
27. Frenkel, J., Z. Phys., 1926, 37, 572.
28. Paxton, A. T., Gumbsch, P. and Methfessel, M., Phil. Mag. Lett., 1991, 63, 267.
29. Hirth, J. P. and Lothe, J., Theory of Dislocations. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982.
30. Hull, D. and Bacon, D. J., Introduction to Dislocations. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1984.
31. Hertzberg, R. W., Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1989.
32. Davies, R. M., Proc. R. Soc. Lond., 1949, A197, 416.
33. For another attempt at a similar nucleation characterization for somewhat different materials, see, Gerberich, W. W., Nelson, J. C., Lilleodden, E. T., Anderson, P. and Wyrobek, J. T., Acta Mater., 1996, 44, 3585.
34. Kelchner, C. L. and Hamilton, J. C., in preparation.
35. Kiely, J. D., Hwang, R. Q. and Houston, J. E., in preparation.