Protein kinase C: A physiological mediator of enhanced transmitter output

Progress in Neurobiology

Volumn 55, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 463-475

  Majewski, H ^a   Iannazzo, L ^a  

^a HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR; ARACHIDONIC ACID; BRADYKININ RECEPTOR; BRAIN PROTEIN; DIACYLGLYCEROL; ION CHANNEL; MUSCARINIC M1 RECEPTOR; PHORBOL ESTER; PRESYNAPTIC RECEPTOR; PROTEIN KINASE C;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; APLYSIA; ENZYME LOCALIZATION; ENZYME MECHANISM; ENZYME POLYMORPHISM; ENZYME SUBSTRATE; LONG TERM POTENTIATION; NERVE CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW;

EID: 0032479813     PISSN: 03010082     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0301-0082(98)00017-3     Document Type: Article

References (158)

1. 2+ stimulated catecholamine release from alpha-toxin permeabilized PC12 cells: biochemical evidence for exocytosis and its modulation by protein kinase C and G-proteins. Biochemistry. 26:1987;7842-7848.
2. Allgaier C., Hertting G. Polymixin B, a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C, diminishes the release of noradrenaline and enhancement of release caused by phorbol 12,13-butyrate. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmac. 334:1986;218-221.
3. 2-autoreceptor modulated release of noradrenaline. Br. J. Pharmac. 92:1987;161-172.
4. Allgaier C., Daschmann B., Huang H. Y., Hertting G. Protein kinase C and presynaptic modulation of acetylcholine release in rabbit hippocampus. Br. J. Pharmac. 93:1988;525-534.
5. Allgaier C., Hertting G., Singer E. A. A detailed study on the effects of protein kinase C activation on alpha-2 adrenoceptor-coupled modulation of norepinephrine release in hippocampus. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 258:1991;143-148.
6. Baird W. M., Boutwell R. K. Tumour-promoting activity of phorbol and four diesters of phorbol in mouse skin. Cancer Res. 31:1971;1074-1079.
7. Barber D. L. Mechanisms of receptor mediated regulation of Na-H exchange. Cell. Signal. 3:1991;387-397.
8. Barrie A. P., Nichols D. G., Sanchez-Prieto J., Sihra T. S. An ion channel locus for the protein kinase C potentiation of transmitter glutamate release from guinea pig cerebrocortical synaptosomes. J. Neurochem. 57:1991;1398-1404.
9. Bartmann P., Jackish R., Hertting G., Allgaier C. A role for protein kinase C in the electrically evoked release of [3H] γ-aminobutyric acid in rabbit caudate nucleus. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmac. 339:1989;302-305.
10. Bleakman, D. and Miller, R. J. (1995) Regulation of calcium influx as a basis for modulation of neurotransmitter release. In: Neurotransmitter Release and Its Modulation, pp. 182-199. Eds. D. Powis and S. 8Bunn. University Press, Cambridge.
11. Blumberg P. M., Jaken S., Konig B., Sharkey N. A., Leach K. L., Jeng A. Y., Yeh Y. Mechanism of action of the phorbol ester tumour promoters: specific receptors for lipophilic ligands. Biochem. Pharmac. 33:1984;933-940.
12. Bottari S. P., de Gasparo M., Steckelings U. M., Levens N. R. Angiotensin II receptor subtypes: characterization, signalling mechanisms, and possible physiological implications. Frontiers Neuroendocrin. 14:1993;123-171.
13. 3H]dopamine from synaptosomes. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 248:1989;514-520.
14. Brock J. A., Cunnane T. C. Neurotransmitter release mechanisms at the sympathetic neuroeffector junction. Exp. Physiol. 78:1993;591-614.
15. Brown J. H., Trilivas I., Martinson E. A. Muscarinic receptor regulation of protein kinase C distribution and phosphatidyl hydrolysis. Sym. Soc. exp. Biol. 44:1990;147-156.
16. Burch R., Farmer S. Biochemical and molecular pharmacology of kinin receptors. A. Rev. Pharmac. Toxicol. 32:1992;511-536.
17. Burgoyne R. D., Morgan A., O'Sullivan A. J. A major role for protein kinase C in calcium activated exocytosis in permeabilized adrenal chromaffin cells. FEBS Lett. 238:1988;151-155.
18. Byrne J. H., Kandel E. R. Presynaptic facilitation revisited: state and time dependence. J. Neurosci. 16:1996;425-435.
19. Caulfield M. P. Muscarinic receptors - characterization, coupling and function. Pharmac. Ther. 58:1993;319-379.
20. Chaki S., Muramatsu M., Otomo S. Involvement of protein kinase C activation in regulation of acetylcholine release from rat hippocampal slices by minaprine. Neurochem. Int. 24:1994;37-41.
21. Chang S., Hemmings H. C., Aderem A. Stimulus-dependent phosphorylation of MacMARCKS, a protein kinase C substrate, in nerve termini and PC12 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;1174-1178.
22. Chen S-J., Sweatt J. D., Klann E. Enhanced phosphorylation of the postsynaptic protein kinase C substrate RC3/neurogranin during long term potentiation. Brain Res. 749:1997;181-187.
23. Chulak C., Couture R., Foucart S. Modulatory effect of bradykinin on the release of noradrenaline from rat isolated atria. Br. J. Pharmac. 115:1995;330-334.
24. Colby K. A., Blaustein M. P. Inhibition of voltage-gated k channels in synaptosomes by sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, an activator of protein kinase C. J. Neurosci. 8:1988;4685-4692.
25. Costa M., Majewski H. Inhibition of noradrenaline release through muscarinic agonists does not involve adenylate cyclase. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmac. 342:1990;630-639.
26. 1 muscarinic receptors enhance noradrenaline release in mouse atria by activating protein kinase C. Br. J. Pharmac. 110:1993;910-916.
27. Cox M. E., Parsons S. J. Roles for protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase in nicotine-induced secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. J. Neurochem. 69:1997;1119-1130.
28. Cubeddu L. X., Hoffmann I. S., Talmaciu R. K., Diliberto P., Lovenberg T. Carbachol-phorbol ester interactions at muscarinic receptors modulating dopamine release from rabbit striatal slices. Neurosci. Lett. 131:1991;245-248.
29. Daschmann B., Allgaier C., Nakov R., Hertting G. Staurosporine counteracts the phorbol-ester induced enhancement of neurotransmitter release in hippocampus. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 296:1988;232-245.
30. Dekker L. V., de Graan P. N. E., Pijnappel P., Oestreicher A. B., Gispen W. H. Noradrenaline release from stroptolysin O-permeated rat cortical synaptosomes: effects of calcium, phorbol esters, protein kinase inhibitors and antibodies to the neuron-specific protein kinase C substrate B-50 (GAP-43). J. Neurochem. 56:1991;1146-1153.
31. Delclos K. B., Nagle D. S., Blumberg P. M. Specific binding of phorbol ester tumour promoters to mouse skin. Cell. 19:1980;1025-1032.
32. Diamant S., Lev-Ari I., Uzielli I., Atlas D. Muscarinic agonists evoke neurotransmitter release: possible roles for phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate breakdown products in neuromodulation. J. Neurochem. 51:1988;795-802.
33. Dimitrijevic S. M., Ryves W. J., Parker P. J., Evans F. J. Characterization of phorbol ester binding to protein kinase C isotypes. Molec. Pharmac. 48:1995;259-267.
34. Dokas L. A., Pisano M. R., Schrama L. H., Zwiers H., Gispen W. H. Dephosphorylation of B-50 in synaptic plasma membranes. Brain Res. Bull. 24:1990;321-329.
35. Driedger P. E., Blumberg P. M. Specific binding of phorbol ester tumour promoters. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:1980;567-571.
36. 3H]12-deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate to phorbol ester receptor subclasses in mouse skin particulate preparations. Cancer Res. 43:1983;4632-4637.
37. 2 receptors attenuate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in synaptosomal membranes from rat neostriatum. J. Neurochem. 56:1991;136-140.
38. Exton J. H. Regulation of phosphoinositide phospholipases by hormones, neurotransmitters and other agonists linked to G-proteins. A. Rev. Pharmac. Toxicol. 36:1996;481-509.
39. Exton J. H. Phospholipase D: enzymology, mechanisms of regulation and function. Physiol. Rev. 77:1997;303-320.
40. Faux M. C., Scott J. D. More on target with protein phosphorylation: conferring specificity by location. Trends Biochem. Sci. 21:1996;312-315.
41. Feuerstien T. J., Allgaier C., Hertting G. Possible involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in the regulation of electrically evoked serotonin (5-HT) release from rabbit hippocampal slices. Eur. J. Pharmac. 139:1987;267-272.
42. Fields T. A., Casey P. J. Signalling functions and biochemical properties of pertussis toxin-resistant G-proteins. Biochem. J. 321:1997;561-571.
43. Foucart S., Musgrave I. F., Majewski H. Inhibition of noradrenaline release by neuropeptide Y does not involve protein kinase C in mouse atria. Neuropeptides. 15:1990;179-185.
44. Foucart S., Musgrave I. F., Majewski H. Long term treatment with phorbol esters and the modulation of noradrenaline release. Molec. Neuropharmac. 1:1991;95-101.
45. 1-receptor agonists. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmac. 337:1988;477-483.
46. Fuder H., Muscholl E. Heteroreceptor-mediated modulation of noradrenaline and acetylcholine release from peripheral nerves. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmac. 126:1995;265-412.
47. Fürstenberger G., Hecker E. Wirkungmechanismus cocarcinogener pflanzeninhaltsstoffe. Planta Med. 22:1972;241-266.
48. Ghirardi M., Braha O., Hochner B., Montarolo P. G., Kandel E. R., Dale N. Roles of PKA and PKC in facilitation of evoked and spontaneous transmitter release at depressed and nondepressed synapses in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron. 9:1992;479-489.
49. 2 dopamine receptors inhibits protein kinase C activity in striatal synaptoneurosomes. J. Neurochem. 63:1994;169-176.
50. Gispen W. H., Nielander H. B., de Graan P. N. E., Ostreicher A. B., Schrama L. H., Schotman P. Role of growth associated protein B-50/GAP-43 in neuronal plasticity. Molec. Neurobiol. 5:1991;61-85.
51. de Graan P. N., Hens J. J., Gispen W. H. Presynaptic PKC substrate B-50 (GAP-43) and neurotransmitter release: studies with permeated synaptosomes. Neurotoxicology. 15:1994;41-47.
52. Guitart X., Marsal J., Solsna C. Phorbol esters induce neurotransmitter release in cholinergic synaptosomes from Torpedo electric organ. J. Neurochem. 55:1990;468-472.
53. 2 receptor agonists on inositol phosphate turnover in rat striatal slices. Biochem. Int. 22:1990;887-894.
54. Haley J. E., Wilcox G. L., Chapman P. F. The role of nitric oxide in hippocampal long-term potentiation. Neuron. 8:1992;211-216.
55. 2+-dependent interaction of the growth associated protein GAP-43 with the synaptic core complex. Biochem. J. 325:1997;455-463.
56. Hecker, E. (1971) New phorbol esters and related cocarcinogens. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress, pp. 213-224. Eds. R. L. Clarke, R. W. Cumley, J. E. McCay and M. M. Copeland. Yearbook Medical Publishers, Chicago, U.S.A.
57. Hergenhahn M., Kusumoto S., Hecker E. Diterpene esters from "Euphorbium" and their irritant and carcinogenic activity. Experientia. 30:1974;1438-1440.
58. Herrero I., Miras-Portugal M. T., Sanchez-Prieto J. Activation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters and arachidonic acid required for the optimal potentiation of glutamate exocytosis. J. Neurochem. 59:1992;1574-15777.
59. Homayouni R., Byrne J. H., Eskin A. Dynamics of protein phosphorylation in sensory neurons of Aplysia. J. Neurosci. 15:1995;429-438.
60. Iannazzo L., Kotsonis P., Majewski H. Structural requirements for phorbol esters to enhance action-potential evoked serotonin release in rat cortical slices. J. Neurochem. 69(suppl.):1997;S60.
61. 2 receptors. Br. J. Pharmac. 122:1997;1561-1566.
62. 3H]-noradrenaline. Br. J. Pharmac. 94:1988;713-720.
63. Jackson D. M., Westlind-Danielsson A. Dopamine receptors: molecular biology, biochemistry and behavioural aspects. Pharmac. Ther. 64:1994;291-369.
64. Johnstone S. A., Hubaishy I., Waisman D. M. Phosphorylation of annexin II tetramer by protein kinase C inhibits aggregation of lipid vesicles by the protein. J. biol. Chem. 267:1992;25976-25981.
65. Kalsner S., Westfall T. C. Presynaptic receptors and the question of autoregulation of neurotransmitter release. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 604:1990;398-414.
66. Karoor V., Shih M., Tholanikunnel B., Malbon C. C. Regulating expression and function of G-protein linked receptors. Prog. Neurobiol. 48:1996;555-568.
67. Kazanietz M. G., Krausz K. W., Blumberg P. M. Differential irreversible insertion of protein kinase C into phospholipid vesicles by phorbol esters and related activators. J. biol. Chem. 267:1992;20878-20886.
68. Kazanietz M. G., Areces L. B., Bahador A., Mischat H., Goodnight J., Mushinski P., Blumberg P. M. Characterisation of ligand and substrate specificity for the calcium-dependent and calcium-independent protein kinase C enzymes. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 44:1993;296-307.
69. Kelly E., Batty I., Nahorski S. R. Dopamine receptor stimulation does not affect phosphoinositide hydrolysis in slices of rat striatum. J. Neurochem. 51:1988;918-924.
70. Khan W. A., Blobe G. C., Hannun Y. A. Arachidonic acid and free fatty acids as second messengers and the role of protein kinase C. Cell Signal. 7:1995;171-184.
71. Kotsonis P., Majewski H. The structural requirements for phorbol esters to enhance noradrenaline and dopamine release from rat brain cortex. Br. J. Pharmac. 119:1996;115-125.
72. Leahy J. C., Luo Y., Kent C. S., Meiri K. F., Vallano M. L. Demonstration of presynaptic protein kinase C activation following long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Neuroscience. 52:1993;563-574.
73. Liu J. P., Zhang Q. X., Baldwin G., Robinson P. J. Calcium binds dynamin I and inhibits its GTPase activity. J. Neurochem. 66:1996;2074-2081.
74. Lovinger D. M., Wong K., Murakami K., Routtenberg A. Protein kinase C inhibitors eliminate hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Brain Res. 436:1987;177-183.
75. Luo Y., Vallano M. L. Arachidonic acid, but not sodium nitroprusside, stimulates presynaptic protein kinase C and phosphorylation of GAP-43 in rat hippocampal slices and synaptosomes. J. Neurochem. 64:1995;1808-1818.
76. Majewski, H. and Barrington M. (1995) Intraneuronal signal transduction pathways in the modulation of neurotransmitter release. In: Neurotransmitter Release and Its Modulation, pp. 163-181. Eds D. Powis and S. Bunn. University Press, Cambridge.
77. Majewski H., Costa M., Foucart S., Murphy T. V., Musgrave I. F. Second messengers are involved in facilitatory but not inhibitory receptor actions at sympathetic nerve endings. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 604:1990;266-275.
78. Majewski H., Kotsonis P., Iannazzo L., Murphy T. V., Musgrave I. F. Modulation of transmitter release through protein kinase C. Clin. exp. Pharmac. Physiol. 24:1997;619-623.
79. Majewski H., Kotsonis P., Murphy T. V., Barrington M. Noradrenaline release is maintained by endogenous activation of the phospholipase C/protein kinase C signalling pathway in rat atria. Br. J. Pharmac. 121:1997;1196-1202.
80. Martinson E. A., Goldstein D., Brown J. H. Muscarinic receptor activation of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. Relationship to phosphoinositide hydrolysis and diacylglycerol metabolism. J. biol. Chem. 264:1989;14748-14754.
81. McDonald R. L., Balmforth A. J., Palmer A. C., Ball S. G., Vaughan P. F. The effect of the angiotensin II (AT1A) receptor stably transfected into human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells on noradrenaline release and changes in intracellular calcium. Neurosci. Lett. 199:1995;115-118.
82. McGahon B., Lynch M. A. A study of the synergism between metabotropic glutamate receptor activation and arachidonic acid in the rat hippocampus. Neuroreport. 5:1994;2353-2357.
83. Meldolesi J., Gatti G., Ambrosini A., Pozzan T., Westhead E. W. Second-messenger control of catecholamine release from PC12 cells. Role of muscarinic receptors and nerve-growth-factor-induced cell differentiation. Biochem. J. 255:1988;761-768.
84. Miao, H. H., Chak, C. W., Chen, X. F., Du Y. C., Sheu, F. S. and Hanm Y. F. (1995) A novel family of PKC substrate proteins in rat brain and its developmental changes. Soc. Neurosci. abstract 430.9.
85. Mochly-Rosen D. Localization of protein kinases by anchoring proteins: a theme in signal transduction. Science. 268:1995;247-251.
86. Mulder A. H., Schoffelmeer A. N. M., Stoof J. C. On the role of adenylate cyclase in presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release mediated by monoamine and opioid receptors in the brain. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 604:1990;237-249.
87. 2+ in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Biochem. J. 282:1992;645-650.
88. Murphy T. V., Majewski H. Pertussis toxin attenuates angiotensin II but not ß-adrenoceptor facilitation of noradrenaline release from rat kidney cortex. Clin. exp. Pharmac. Physiol. 17:1990;521-526.
89. Murphy T. V., Kotsonis P., Majewski H. Pharmacokinetic properties of phorbol esters are important in determining biological effects. Proc. Aust. Soc. Clin. exp. Pharmac. Toxicol. 3:1996;41.
90. Musgrave I. F., Majewski H. Effect of phorbol esters and polymyxin B on modulation of noradrenaline release in mouse atria. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmac. 339:1989;48-53.
91. Musgrave I. F., Majewski H. Effect of phorbol ester and pertussis toxin on the enhancement of noradrenaline release by angiotensin II in mouse atria. Br. J. Pharmac. 96:1989;609-616.
92. Musgrave I. F., Foucart S., Majewski H. Evidence that angiotensin II enhances noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerves in mouse atria by activating protein kinase C. J. Autonom. Pharmac. 11:1991;211-220.
93. Nawa H., Saito M., Nagano T. Neurotrophic factors in brain synaptic plasticity. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 11:1997;91-100.
94. Newton A. C. Regulation of protein kinase C. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:1997;161-167.
95. Nichols R. A., Haycock J. W., Wang J. K. T., Greengard P. Phorbol ester enhancement of neurotransmitter release from rat brain synaptosomes. J. Neurochem. 48:1987;615-621.
96. Nishizuka Y. Intracellular signalling by hydrolysis of phospholipids and activation of protein kinase C. Science. 258:1992;607-614.
97. Nishizuka Y. Protein kinase C and lipid signalling for sustained cellular responses. FASEB J. 9:1995;484-496.
98. Oda T., Shearman M. S., Nishizuka Y. Synaptosomal protein kinase C subspecies: B down regulation promoted by phorbol ester and its effect on evoked norepinephrine release. J. Neurochem. 56:1991;1263-1269.
99. Ohia S. E., Jumblatt J. E. Prejunctional receptors and second messengers for angiotensin II in the rabbit iris-ciliary body. Exp. Eye Res. 57:1993;419-425.
100. Passinelli P., Ramakers G. M. J., Urban I. J. A., Hens J. J. H., Oestreicher A. B., Grann P. N. E., Gispen W. H. Long-term potentiation and synaptic protein phosphorylation. Behav. Brain Res. 66:1995;53-59.
101. Pizzi M., D'agostin I. F., Da Prada M., Spano P. F., Haefely W. E. Dopamine D2 receptor stimulation decreases the inositol trisphosphate level of rat striatal slices. Eur. J. Pharmac. 136:1987;263-264.
102. Ramakers G. M., Pasinelli P., Hens J. J., Gispen W. H., de Graan P. N. Protein kinase C in synaptic plasticity: changes in the in situ phosphorylation state of identified pre- and postsynaptic substrates. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiat. 21:1997;455-486.
103. Rand, M. J., Majewski, H. and Story, D. F. (1990) Modulation of neuroeffector transmission. In: Cardiovascular Pharmacology (3rd edn), pp. 229-292. Ed. M. J. Antonaccio. Raven Press, New York.
104. Redman R. S., Searl T. J., Hirsh J. K., Silinsky E. M. Opposing effects of phorbol esters on transmitter release and calcium currents at frog motor nerve endings. J. Physiol. 501:1997;41-48.
105. Reith M. E., Xu C., Chen N. H. Pharmacology and regulation of the neuronal dopamine transporter. Eur. J. Pharmac. 324:1997;1-10.
106. Respresa A., Deloulme J. C., Sensenbrenner M., Ben-Ari Y., Baudier J. Neurogranin: immunocytochemical localization of a brain-specific protein kinase C substrate. J. Neurosci. 10:1990;3782-3792.
107. Robinson P. J. Differential stimulation of protein kinase C activity by phorbol ester or calcium/phosphatidylserine in vitro and in intact synaptosomes. J. biol. Chem. 267:1992;21637-21644.
108. Robinson P. J. The role of protein kinase C and its neuronal substrates dephosphin, B-50 and MARCKS in neurotransmitter release. Molec. Neurobiol. 5:1992;87-129.
109. Rodnight R., Perrett C. Protein phosphorylation and synaptic transmission: receptor mediated modulation of protein kinase C in a rat brain fraction enriched in synaptosomes. J. Physiol. (Paris). 81:1986;340-348.
110. Rothhut B. Participation of annexins in protein phosphorylation. Cell. Molec. Life Sci. 53:1997;522-526.
111. Rüegg U. T., Burgess G. M. Staurosporine, K-252 and UCN-01: potent but non-specific inhibitors of protein kinases. Trends Pharmac. Sci. 10:1989;218-220.
112. Rump L. C., Bohmann C., Schaible U., Schultze-Seemann W., Schollmeyer P. J. Beta-adrenergic, angiotensin II and bradykinin receptors enhance neurotransmission in human kidney. Hypertension. 26:1995;445-451.
113. 1, γ, δ, and ε by phorbol esters of different biological activities. FEBS Lett. 288:1991;5-9.
114. Sacktor T. C., Schwartz J. H. Sensitizing stimuli cause translocation of protein kinase C in Aplysia sensory neurons. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87:1990;2036-2039.
115. Saito N., Itouji A., Totani Y., Osawa I., Koide H., Fujisawa N., Ogita K., Tanaka C. Cellular and intracellular localization of epsilon subspecies of protein kinase C in the rat brain; presynaptic localization of the epsilon-subspecies. Brain Res. 607:1993;241-248.
116. Saito N., Tsujino T., Fukuda K., Tanaka C. Alpha, beta II and gamma subspecies of protein kinase C localized in the monkey hippocampus: pre and post-synaptic localization of gamma-sub-species. Brain Res. 656:1994;245-256.
117. Sanchez-Prieto J., Herrero I., Miras-Portugal M. T. Modulation of the exocytotic release of neurotransmitter glutamate by protein kinase C. Adv. exp. Med. Biol. 341:1993;95-105.
118. Schächtele C., Rudolph C., Osswald H. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and three other protein kinases by several reference PKC inhibitors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmac. 340:1989;R36.
119. Schachter J. B., Lester D. S., Alkon D. L. Synergistic activation of protein kinase C by arachidonic acid and diacylglycerols in vitro: generation of a stable membrane-bound, cofactor-independent state of protein kinase C activity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1291:1996;167-176.
120. Schaechter J. D., Benowitz L. I. Activation of protein kinase C by arachidonic acid selectively enhances the phosphorylation of GAP-43 in nerve terminal membranes. J. Neurosci. 13:1993;4361-4371.
121. Scheiffer B., Bernstein K. E., Marrero M. B. The role of tyrosine phosphorylation in angiotensin II mediated intracellular signaling and all growth. J. Molec. Med. 74:1996;85-91.
122. Schroeder G. E., Kotsonis P., Musgrave I. F., Majewski H. Protein kinase C involvement in maintenance and modulation of noradrenaline release in the mouse brain cortex. Br. J. Pharmac. 116:1995;2757-2763.
123. 3H]-phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate binding. Cancer Res. 45:1985;19-24.
124. Shearman M. S., Sekiguchi K., Nishizuka Y. Modulation of ion channel activity: a key function of the protein kinase C enzyme family. Pharmac. Rev. 41:1989;211-237.
125. Shearman M. S., Shinomura T., Oda T., Nishizuka Y. Protein kinase C subspecies in adult rat hippocampal synaptosomes. Activation by diacylglycerol and arachidonic acid. FEBS Lett. 279:1991;261-264.
126. Shearman M. S., Shinomura T., Oda T., Nishizuka Y. Synaptosomal protein kinase C subspecies: A. Dynamic changes in the hippocampus and cerebellar cortex concomitant with synaptogenesis. J. Neurochem. 56:1991;1255-1262.
127. Stabel S., Parker P. Protein kinase C. Pharmac. Ther. 51:1991;71-95.
128. Starke K. Presynaptic receptors. A. Rev. Pharmac. Toxicol. 21:1981;7-30.
129. Starke K., Göthert M., Kilbinger H. Modulation of neurotransmitter release by presynaptic autoreceptors. Physiol. Rev. 69:1989;864-869.
130. Sugita S., Baxter D. A., Byrne J. H. Activators of protein kinase C mimic serotonin-induced modulation of a voltage-dependent potassium current in pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia. J. Neurophysiol. 72:1994;1240-1249.
131. Sunahar R. K., Dessauer C. W., Gilman A. G. Complexity and diversity of mammalian adenylyl cyclases. A. Rev. Pharmac. Toxicol. 36:1996;461-480.
132. Suzuki T., Okumura-Noji K., Tanaka R., Ogura A., Nakamura K., Kudo Y., Tada T. Characterization of protein kinase C activities in postsynaptic density fractions prepared from cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Brain Res. 619:1993;69-75.
133. 2+ channels by protein kinase C in rat central and peripheral neurons: disruption of G-protein mediated inhibition. Neuron. 11:1993;305-320.
134. Szallasi Z., Krsmanovic L., Blumberg P. M. Nonpromoting 12-deoxyphorbol 13 esters inhibit phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced tumour promotion in CD-1 mouse skin. Cancer Res. 53:1993;2507-2512.
135. Takano K., Stanfield P. R., Nakajima S., Nakajima Y. Protein kinase C-mediated inhibition of an inward rectifier potassium channel by substance P in nucleus basalis neurons. Neuron. 14:1995;999-1008.
136. Takata Y., Ozawa J., Kato H. Presynaptic sites of isolated canine saphenous veins are more sensitive to protein kinase C than postsynaptic ones. Jap. J. Pharmac. 56:1991;337-348.
137. Tanaka C., Nishizuka Y. The protein kinase C family for neuronal signalling. A. Rev. Neurosci. 17:1994;551-567.
138. Tanaka C., Fujiwara H., Fujii Y. Acetylcholine release from guinea-pig caudate slices evoked by phorbol ester and calcium. FEBS Lett. 3284:1985;129-134.
139. Tanaka S. Isolation and characterization of protein kinase C from rat brain synaptosome cytoskeleton. Kobe J. Med. Sci. 37:1991;147-161.
140. Tence M., Cordier J., Premont J., Glowinski J. Muscarinic cholinergic agonists stimulate arachidonic acid release from mouse striatal neurons in primary culture. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 269:1994;646-653.
141. Terrian D. M. Persistent enhancement of sustained calcium-dependent glutamate release by phorbol esters: requirement for localized calcium entry. J. Neurochem. 64:1995;172-180.
142. Tsuda K., Tsuda S., Goldstein M., Nishio I., Masuyama Y. Effects of bradykinin on [3H]-norepinephrine release in rat hypothalamus. Clin. exp. Pharmac. Physiol. 20:1993;787-791.
143. Turner N. A., Walker J. H., Ball S. G., Vaughan P. F. Phorbol ester enhanced noradrenaline secretion correlates with the presence and activity of protein kinase C-alpha in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. J. Neurochem. 66:1996;2381-2389.
144. Vaughan P. F., Peers C., Walker J. H. The use of the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y to study the effect of second messengers on noradrenaline release. Gen. Pharmac. 26:1995;1191-1201.
145. Vitale M. L., Sewrad E. P., Trifaro J. M. Chromaffin cell cortical actin network dynamics control the size of the release-ready vesicle pool and the initial rate of exocytosis. Neuron. 14:1995;353-363.
146. Wakade T. D., Bhave S. V., Bhave A. S., Malhotra R. K., Wakade A. R. Depolarizing stimuli and neurotransmitters utilize separate pathways to activate protein kinase C in sympathetic neurons. J. biol. Chem. 266:1991;6424-6428.
147. Wang W., Creutz C. E. Regulation of the chromaffin granule aggregation activity of annexin I by phosphorylation. Biochemistry. 31:1992;9934-9939.
148. Wardell C. F., Cunnane T. C. Biochemical machinery involved in the release of ATP from sympathetic nerve terminals. Br. J. Pharmac. 111:1994;975-977.
149. Westfall T. C. Neuroeffector mechanisms. A. Rev. Physiol. 422:1980;383-397.
150. Williams J. H., Errington M. L., Lynch M. A., Bliss T. V. P. Arachidonic acid induces long-term activity-dependent enhancement of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Nature. 341:1989;739-742.
151. Worley P. F., Baraban J. M., Snyder S. H. Heterogenous localization of protein kinase C in rat brain autoradiographic analysis of phorbol ester receptor binding. J. Neurosci. 6:1986;199-207.
152. Wu L-G., Saggau P. Presynaptic inhibition of elicited neurotransmitter release. Trends Neurosci. 20:1997;205-212.
153. 1 muscarinic receptors is induced by activation of protein kinase C. J. Neurochem. 54:1990;1917-1919.
154. Yang J., Tsien R. W. Enhancement of N and l type calcium channel currents by protein kinase C in frog sympathetic neurones. Neuron. 10:1993;127-136.
155. Zamponi G. W., Bourinet E., Nelson D., Nargeot J., Snutch T. P. Crosstalk between G-proteins and protein kinase C mediated by the calcium channel alpha1 subunit. Nature. 385:1997;442-446.
156. Zayed S., Sorg B., Hecker E. Structure activity relationship of polyfunctional diterpenes of the tigliane type VI. Planta Med. 34:1984;65-69.
157. 2+ dependent glutamate release from hippocampal mossy fiber nerve endings. J. Neurochem. 66:1996;177-185.
158. 2+-channel currents by protein kinase C in adult rat sympathetic neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 72:1994;1549-1560.