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We vapor-deposited the aluminum electrodes using a Balzer BAE 250 evaporation apparatus. The evaporation was performed through freshly polished and thoroughly cleaned brass masks with parallel slits 4 mm wide. The thickness was chosen to be 72 nm. Details of the deposition procedure have been described elsewhere [G. Blum, F. Kremer, T. Jaworek, G. Wegner. Adv. Mater. 7, 1017 (1996)].
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Kurth and Bein have pointed out that the Haller silanization method results not in a monolayer film but rather in a film of two or three molecular layers due to cross-linking [F. G. Kurth and T. Bein, Langmuir 11, 3061 (1995)]. We have analyzed the coupling layer on Si wafers and quartz slides by small angle x-ray reflection (SAXR) and have consistently found a thickness of 21 ± 3 Å, which agrees with the results of Kurth and Bein. The surface roughness was less than 6 Å.
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note
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Films of comparable thickness grafted on silicon had surface roughnesses of less than 1 nm as determined by SAXR.
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32
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15444353259
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note
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Other reflection spectra of grafted PBLG films on various substrates will be published elsewhere. The present spectrum is typical for grafted PBLG films.
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33
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0016562770
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The equation used here was derived by F. Mopsik. and M. G. Broadhurst [J. Appl. Phys. 46, 4204-(1975)]. It is based on the Onsager approximation of the local field. We are aware of the recent discussion on this approximation [Y. Luo, H. Agren, K. V. Mikkelsen, Chem. Phys. Lett. 275, 145 (1997)]. The polarization given here should, therefore, be treated as a crude estimate.
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The equation used here was derived by F. Mopsik. and M. G. Broadhurst [J. Appl. Phys. 46, 4204-(1975)]. It is based on the Onsager approximation of the local field. We are aware of the recent discussion on this approximation [Y. Luo, H. Agren, K. V. Mikkelsen, Chem. Phys. Lett. 275, 145 (1997)]. The polarization given here should, therefore, be treated as a crude estimate.
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15444358061
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note
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We thank G. Glaßer for technical assistance with the Nomarski interferometer and M. L. C. M. Oosterling for fruitful discussions.
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