The never-ending story: Turkey and the European Union

Middle Eastern Studies

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 240-258

  Müftüler Bac, Meltem ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Democracy; Europe; European union; National identity; Turkey

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRACY; EUROPEAN UNION; NATIONAL IDENTITY;

EUROPE; TURKEY;

EID: 0032453816     PISSN: 00263206     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00263209808701250     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Barry Schweid, 'Turkey's Leader Denounces Kohl', Associated Press, 18 December 1997.
2. See Meltem Müftüler-Bac, Turkey's Relations with a Changing Europe (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997).
3. The Commission Opinion (18 December 1989) presented a number of factors that made Turkey's accession almost impossible; these were the expansion of political pluralism, the poor state of democratic government, the persistence of disputes with a Member State, namely Greece, the lack of a viable solution to the Cyprus problem, relative economic backwardness compared to EU members, the Kurdish problem and human rights abuses.
4. Following the implementation of the Customs Union, total EU-Turkey trade increased from 22 billion ECUs in 1995 to an estimated 27 billion ECUs in 1996 with an estimated EU surplus of 9 billion ECUs. The CUA encompasses financial support to Turkey in compensation for its trade deficit: 375 million ECUs in special aid and 750 million ECUs in EIB loans. These payments have been blocked for political reasons.
5. Gerard Delanty, Inventing Europe: Idea, Identity and Reality (London: Macmillan Press, 1995), p.37.
6. Kevin Robins 'Interrupting Identities. Turkey/Europe', in Stuart Hall and Paul du Gay (eds.), Questions of Cultural Identity, (London: Sage, 1996), pp.61-86.
7. Robins, p.66.
8. See Meltem Müftüler-Bac, 'Through the Looking Glass: Turkey in Europe', EastWest Journal, forthcoming.
9. Istanbul daily Hurriyet, 18 September 1987.
10. European Parliament, Report by Carnero Gonzales for the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Security and Defense Policy on the fact-finding mission to Turkey, 13-16 September 1995, Doc Pe. 214.242.
11. The two reports were written by members of the European Parliament in 1985 and 1988. They recommended that the Turkish political system had to become more compatible with European democracies.
12. Ergun Özbudun, 'Turkey: How Far from Consolidation?', Journal of Democracy, Vol.7, No.3 (1996), p.129.
13. See Nimet Beriker-Atiyas, 'The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey: Issues, Parties and Prospects', Security Dialogue, forthcoming December 1997 and Meltem Müftüler-Bac, 'Negotiating Kurdish Separatism in Turkey', in Marc Ross and Jay Rothman (eds.), Theory and Practice in Ethnic Conflict Management (New York: Macmillan, forthcoming).
14. See Nimet Beriker-Atiyas, 'The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey: Issues, Parties and Prospects', Security Dialogue, forthcoming December 1997 and Meltem Müftüler-Bac, 'Negotiating Kurdish Separatism in Turkey', in Marc Ross and Jay Rothman (eds.), Theory and Practice in Ethnic Conflict Management (New York: Macmillan, forthcoming).
15. FBIS, 17 December 1991.
16. European Parliament, Resolution on the trial of the members of the TGNA, Doc.Pe 182.023, 28 March 1994.
17. Briefing, Turkey, 7 March 1994, issue 980, p.3.
18. As reported in the Turkish daily Cumhuriyet, 8 July 1996.
19. European Parliament, Resolution on the political situation in Turkey, Doc.Pe 252.050, 19 September 1996.
20. Raymonde Dury, European Parliament Session Documents, Report of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Security on EC-Turkey relations, DOC-EN/RR/208559, 21 May 1992, p.7.
21. Anne Swardson 'European Union Excludes Turkey From Expansion Plans', Washington Post, 13 December 1997, P.A24.
22. Ömer Faruk Genckaya, 'Consolidation of or Resistance to Democracy: Redemocratization and the Turkish Grand National Assembly', in Lawrence D. Longley (ed.), Working Papers on Comparative Legislative Studies (Appleton, Wisconsin: IPSA, 1994), p.323.
23. Andrew Mango, 'Turkey's Vocation', in Erol Manisali (ed.), Turkey's Place in Europe (Istanbul: Logos Publications, 1988). p.9.
24. Yeni Yüzyil (Turkish daily), 7 March 1997.