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Absence of imprinting of HLA class Ia genes leads to co-expression of biparental alleles on term human trophoblast cells upon IFN-γ induction
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Crisa L, McMaster MT, Ishii JK, Fisher SJ, Salomon DR. Identification of a •• thymic epithelial cell subset sharing expression of the class Ib HLA-G molecule with fetal trophoblasts. J Exp Med 1997; 186:289-298. This study demonstrated clearly for the first time that HLA-G molecules, whose expression is primarily restricted to the extravillous trophoblast, are also expressed on thymic medullary and subcapsular epithelial cells.
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Maejima M, Fujii T, Kozuma S, Okai T, Shibata Y, Taketani Y. Presence of • HLA-G-expressing cells modulates the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to release cytokines. Am J Reprod Immunol 1997; 38:79-82. This is the first study examining the effect of HLA-G molecules on the ability of mononuclear cells other than NK activity.
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Hara N, Fujii T, Yamashita T, Kozuma S, Okai T, Taketani Y. Altered expression of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) on extravillous trophoblasts in preeclampsia: immunohistological demonstration with anti-HLA-G specific antibody '87G' and anti-cytokeratin antibody 'CAM5.2'. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996; 36:349-358.
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Iaschitz A, Lenfant F, Mallet V, Hartmann M, Bensussan A, Geraghty DE, • et al. Endothelial cells in chorionic fetal vessels of first trimester placenta express HLA-G. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:3380-3388. This group of researchers continue to lead the field in studying the expression of MHC class Ia and Ib in placenta. Here they report that HLA-G is also expressed in endothelial cells in chorionic fetal vessels, in which endothelial mitoses are reported.
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11
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Bamberger AM, Schulte HM, Thuneke I, Erdmann I, Bamberger CM, Asa • SL. Expression of the apoptosis-inducing Fas ligand (FasL) in human first and third trimester placenta and choriocarcinoma cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82:3173-3175. The same as in Reference [10••].
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Runic R, Lockwood CJ, Lachapelle L, Dipasquale B, Demopoulos RI, • Kumar A, Guller S. Apoptosis and Fas expression in human fetal membranes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:660-666. A study based on biochemical and morphological parameters, reporting that apoptosis is a physiological process in human fetal membranes in the third trimester of pregnancy.
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Rand JH, Wu X, Andree HAM, Lockwood CJ, Guller S, Scher J, Harpel •• PC. Pregnancy loss in the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome - a possible thrombogenic mechanism. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:154-160. This group leads the field in understanding of the role played by annexin V on trophoblast. Here they clarified an antithrombotic role for annexin V and a possible mechanism of thrombosis and pregnancy loss in the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome.
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16
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Olding LB, Papadogiannakis N, Barbieri B, Murgita RA. Suppressive cellular and molecular activities in maternofetal immune interactions; suppressor cell activity, prostaglandins, and α-fetoproteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1997; 222:159-187.
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Hunt JS, Miller L, Roby KF, Huang J, Platt JS, DeBrot BL. Female steroid hormones regulate production of pro-inflammatory molecules in uterine leukocytes. J Reprod Immunol 1997; 35:87-99.
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Human uterine NK cells have a similar repertoire of killer inhibitory and activatory receptors to those found in blood, as demonstrated by RT-PCR and sequencing
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Hiby SE, King A, Sharkey AM, Loke YW. Human uterine NK cells have a •• similar repertoire of killer inhibitory and activatory receptors to those found in blood, as demonstrated by RT-PCR and sequencing. Mol Immunol 1997; 34:419-430. This research group continues to lead the field in understanding of the role played by uterine NK cells in pregnancy. Here they provided for the first time clear molecular evidence for the potential for direct interaction between decidual maternal NK cells and infiltrating fetally derived trophoblast via NK receptor/HLA recognition.
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Direct evidence to support the role of HLA-G in protecting the fetus from maternal uterine natural killer cytolysis
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Rouas-Freiss N, Gonçalves MB, Menier C, Dausset J, Carosella ED. •• Direct evidence to support the role of HLA-G in protecting the fetus from maternal uterine natural killer cytolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:11520-11525. The same as Reference [22••].
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Guimond MJ, Wang B, Cray BA. Engraftment of bone marrow from •• severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice reverses the reproductive deficits in natural killer cell-deficient trε26 mice. J Exp Med 1998; 187:217-223. This research group also leads the study on uterine NK cells, and they demonstrated that uterine NK cells are essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy.
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Bermas BL, Hill JA. Proliferative responses to recall antigens are • associated with pregnancy outcome in women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion. J Clin Invest 1997; 100:1330-1334. This study demonstrated again that the suppression of T cell-mediated immunity is necessary for the maintenance of early pregnancy, and that the assessment of the immunosuppression may be useful in predicting pregnancy outcome.
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Clark DA, Chaouat G, Arck PC, Mittruecker HW, Levy GA. Cytokine-•• dependent abortion in CBA × DBA/2 mice is mediated by the procoagulant fgl2 prothombinase. J Immunol 1998; 160:545-549. A well-designed study using a CBA × DBA/2 mouse model with spontaneous resorption, which is attributed to NK cells, macrophages, and Th1 cytokines, demonstrated that cytokine-triggered thrombotic/ inflammatory processes in maternal uteroplacental blood vessels causes abortion.
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Fried M, Muga RO, Misore AO, Duffy PE. Malaria elicits type I cytokines in • the human placenta: IFN-γ and TNF-α associated with pregnancy outcomes. J Immunol 1998; 160:2523-2530. This is the first demonstration that placental changes of type 1 cytokines are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes in humans.
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