New antimicrobial agents for Gram-positive infections

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 667-671

  Brooks, Alison K ^b   Zervos, Marcus J ^a  

^a WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CLINAFLOXACIN; DALFOPRISTIN PLUS QUINUPRISTIN; ORITAVANCIN; TELITHROMYCIN; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 0032406481     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001432-199812000-00004     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Edmond MB, Ober JF, Dawson JD, Weinbaum DL, Wenzel RP. Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia: natural history and attributable mortality. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23:1234-1239.
2. Schwalbe RS, Stapleton JT, Gilligan PH. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in coagulase negative staphylococci. N Engl J Med 1987; 316:927-931.
3. Nicas TI, Zeckel ML, Braun DK. Beyond vancomycin: new therapies to meet the challenge of glycopeptide resistance. Trends Microbiol 1997; 5:240-249.
4. Hayden MK, Trenholme GM, Schultz JE, Sahm DF. In vivo development of teicoplanin resistance in a vanB Enferococcus faecium isolate. J Infect Dis 1993; 167:1224-1227.
5. Schwalbe RS, McIntosh AC, Qaiyumi S, Johnson JA, Johnson RJ, Furness KM, et al. In vitro activity of LY333328, an investigational glycopeptide antibiotic, against enterococci and staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40:2416-2419. LY33328 has been shown to have excellent in-vitro activity in this study vs enterococci including vancomycin resistant strains. Importantly, it is bactericidal against enterococci.
6. Mercier RC, Houlihan HH, Rybak MJ. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of a new glycopeptide, LY333328, and in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:1307-1312.
7. Nicas TI, Mullen DL, Flokowitsch JE, Preston DA, Snyder NJ, Zweifel MJ, et al. Semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotics derived from LY264826 active against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40:2194-2199.
8. Jones RN, Ballow CM, Berdenbach DJ, Deinhart JA, Schentag JJ. Antimicrobial activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin (RP59500, Synercid(r)) texted against over 28,000 recent clinical isolates from 200 medical centers in the United States and Canada. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 30:437-451. This is an extensive evaluation of the in-vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin vs Gram positive cocci. In this study by Jones and colleagues, over 28,000 Gram positive cocci from across North America were evaluated; there were no quinupristin/dalfopristin resistant strains of E. faecium reported.
9. Moellering RC, Jones RN, Edmond M, Paladino J, Zervos MJ, McIvor RH. New approaches in the management of resistant gram positive infections. Abstract presented at the 8th International Congress on Infectious Diseases, May 1998, Boston, MA.
10. Chant C, Rybak MJ. Quinupristin/dalfopristin (RP59500) a new streptogramin antibiotic. Ann Pharmacother 1995; 29:1022-1027.
11. Griswold MW, Lomaestro BM, Briceland LL. Quinupristin-dalfopristin (RP 59500): an injectable streptogramin combination. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1996; 53:2045-2053.
12. R) versus cefazolin, oxacillin or vancomycin. Presented at the 20th International Congress of Chemotherapy; Sydney, Australia, 29 June-3 July 1997.
13. Linden PK, Pasculle AW, McDevitt D, Kramer DJ. Effect of quinupristin/ dalfopristin on the outcome of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: comparison with a control cohort. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 39:145-151. Data indicating the clinical use of quinupristin/dalfopristin for VREF have recently been reported. In this study; in-hospital mortality was high in both the quinupristin treated and non-quinupristin/dalfopristin treated group. Mortality was 65% in the quinupristin/dalfopristin group 52% in the control group; however, VREF associated mortality was significantly lower in the quinupristin/dalfopristin group; 5-17, respectively (P=0.05). This study indicates that quinupristin/dalfopristin is a useful agent for therapy of serious VREF infection.
14. Lin AH, Murray RW, Vidmar TJ, Marotti KR. The oxazolidinone eperezolid binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and competes with binding of chloramphenicol and lincomycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:2127-2131.
15. Bostic GD, Perri MB, Thai LA, Zervos MJ. Comparative in vitro and bactericidal activity of oxazolidinone antibiotics against multidrug-resistant enterococci. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 30:109-112. In a study of oxazo/idinones vs Enferococcus species it was shown that these agents have excellent in-vitro activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, including vancomycin resistant strains.
16. Shinabarger DL, Marotti KR, Murray RW, Lin AH, Melchior EP, Swaney SM, et al. Mechanism of action of oxazolidinones: effects of linezolid and eperezolid on translation reactions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:2132-2136.
17. Ryback MJ, Cappelletty DM, Moldovan T, Aeschlimann JR, Kaatz GW. Comparative in vitro activities and postantibiotic effects of the oxazolidinone compounds eperezolid (PNU-100592) and linezolid (PNU-100766) versus vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:721-724.
18. Dresser LD, Rybak MJ. The pharmacologic and bacteriologic properties of oxazolidinones: a new class of synthetic antimicrobials. Pharmacotherapy 1998; 18:456-462.
19. Cunha BA, Qadri SM, Vero V, Walters EA, Dumenice P. Antibacterial activity of trovafloxacin against nosocomial gram positive and gram negative isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 39:29-34.
20. Perri MB, Chow JW, Zervos MJ. In vitro activity of sparfloxacin and clinafloxacin against multidrug resistant enterococci. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1993; 17:151-155.
21. Burney S, Landman D, Quale JM. Activity of clinafloxacin against multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:1668-1670.
22. Brighty KE, Goote TD. The chemistry and biological profile of trovafloxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 39:1-14.
23. Mandell L, Williams-Hopkins D, Hopkins S. Efficacy of trovafloxacin in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to penicillin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Presented at the 2nd European Congress of Chemotherapy (ECC-2) and 7th Biennial Conference on Antiinfective Agents and Chemotherapy (BICON-7), 10-13 May 1998, Hamburg, Germany [Abstract].
24. Niederman M, Traub S, Ellison WT, Hopkins DW. A double-blind, randomized, multicenter, global study in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) comparing trovafloxacin with ceftriaxone + erythromycin. Presented at the 2nd European Congress of Chemotherapy (ECC-2) and 7th Biennial Conference on Antiinfective Agents and Chemotherapy (BICON-7), 10-13 May 1998, Hamburg, Germany [Abstract].
25. Tack KJ, Zervos MJ. Clinafloxacin for the treatment of serious infections caused by multiply-resistant pathogens. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on New Quinolones and Related Antibiotics, Denver, CO, November 1998. In the compassionate-use study of clinafloxacin, 76 patients who were not responding to conventional therapy were treated with clinafloxacin under an emergency-use protocol. In this study, patients had microorganisms resistant to other available options. Clinafloxacin was generally well tolerated with some patients experiencing rash, nausea and diarrhea. Clinafloxacin appears to be an effective drug for treatment of serious infections caused by the spectrum of more resistant pathogens.
26. Schülin T, Wennersten CB, Moellering RCJr, Eliopoulos GM. In vitro activity of RU 64004, a new ketolide antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:1196-1202.
27. Vazifeh D, Abdelghaffar H, Labro MT. Cellular accumulation of the new ketolide RU 64004 by human neutrophils: comparison with that of azithromycin and roxithromycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:2099-2107.
28. Adachi Y, Nakamura K, Kato Y, Hazumi N, Hashizume T, Nakagawa S. In vitro evaluation of BO-3482, a novel dithiocarbamate carbapenem with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:2282-2285.
29. Nagano R, Shibata K, Naito T, Fuse A, Asano K, Hashizume T, Nakagawa S. Therapeutic efficacy of BO-3482, a novel dithiocarbamate carbapenem, in mice infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:2278-2281.
30. Mercier RC, Penzak SR, Rybak MJ. In vitro activities of an investigational quinolone, glycylcycline, glycopeptide, streplogramin, and oxazolidinone tested alone and in combinations against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:2573-2575.
31. Fraise AP, Brenwald N, Andrews JM, Wise R. In vitro activity of two glycylcyclines against enterococci resistant to other agents. J Anti-microb Chemother 1995; 35:877-881.
32. Urban C, Mariano N, Mosinka-Snipas M, Wadee C, Chahrour T, Rahal JJ. Comparative in-vitro activity of SCH 27899, a novel everninomicin, and vancomycin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996; 37:361-364.